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Yeast can live without oxygen.

Movement of carbohydrates (sugars) produced by the leaves of the plant in the whole plant body through phloem is known as translocation. It is an important process as other parts of the plant which do not synthesize food also gets access to food produced by leaves.

Yeast can live without oxygen

The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation and it occurs in the part of the vascular tissue known as phloem. Besides the products of photosynthesis, the phloem transports amino acids and other substances. These substances are especially delivered to the storage organs of roots, fruits and seeds and to growing organs. The translocation of food and other substances takes place in the sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells both in upward and downward directions.

(i) The substances which gets oxidised during respiration are known as respiratory substrates. Examples of some respiratory substrates are glucose, proteins, fatty acids etc. 

(ii) Lungs are divided into small sac like structures called alveoli. These alveoli increase the surface area of lungs for better gaseous exchange.

The possible anomaly is the formation of air bubbles. Place the coverslip over the peel gently with the help of a needle.

Mammals and birds are warm blooded animals. This means they can control their body temperature and do not have to depend on environment for their body temperature regulation. Because of this birds and mammals require optimum oxidization of glucose which would be possible with good supply of oxygen. So it is required to have separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to supply the required amount of oxygen.

I-Epidermalcells

II - Chloroplast

III - Nucleus

IV - Stoma.

Guard cells.

Food is the basic requirement of living organisms for obtaining energy.

Amoeba is called phagocytosis

(i)  Herbivores. 

(ii) Carnivores.

(iii) Omnivores.

• Plants lose water through their leaves by transpiration. So some plants shed their leaves in dry season to reduce transpiration and conserve water. 
• In plants, the waste substances are stored in the vacuoles of leaf-cells which are then shed along with the leaves in a specific season.

• The cerebellum co-ordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance of the body. 
• An excess of alcohol causes dysfunctioning of the cerebellum. 
• It results in primary loss of co-ordinated movements and loss of balance.

About reproductive health one should have scientific and authentic information. The cleanliness of body is very essential but keeping the mind clean is also important to maintain good reproductive health. One should be careful about sexual relationships. These things should not be experimented in young age. Mistakes committed like these can change the sexual health forever. The cleanliness and hygiene during menstruation, the cleanliness of genitals and other private parts are the aspects of personal hygiene. When living in a society, one should always be away from cross-infections of venereal type.

Excretion in plants:

Plants do not have an excretory system and carry out excretion in various ways such as transpiration, releasing wastes into the surrounding soil, losing their leaves and storing waste materials in cell vacuoles. Other waste products are stored as resins and gums in old xylem.

i. Nourishment of the growing embryo.

ii. Production of sperms and male hormone-testosterone.

iii. Protection and temperature control of testis.

iv. Secretion of seminal fluid which forms major portion of semen. Nourishment of sperms.

v. Transferring of sperms to vagina at the time of intercourse. Release of urine at the time of urination.

Binary fission:

1. Two new individuals are formed from one old individual at one time. 

2. The division of nucleus and cytoplasm takes place initially. 

3. The axis of division can be transverse, longitudinal or any one axis as it is in simple binary fission. 

4. Formation of protective cyst does not take place. 

5. Binary fission can be done during favourable period.

Multiple fission:

1. Many new individuals are formed from one old individual at one time. 

2. Only nucleus divides initially followed by division of cytoplasm. 

3. There is no exact axis for the fission. 

4. Protective covering is formed around dividing amoebulae which is called cyst. 

5. Multiple fission takes place only at the time of unfavourable period.

i. Production of oocytes and female hormones – estrogen and progesterone.

ii. Growth and development of foetus during pregnancy. Helping in parturition (childbirth) by contractions.

iii. Transporting the released oocyte after ovulation to the uterus. Providing space for fertilization of oocyte by sperm. Conception is possible only when sperm and oocyte meet in the fallopian tube.

iv. Passage for copulation/intercourse. Birth canal. Passage for menstrual flow.

v. Supplying nourishment to the growing foetus.

i. Storing the spores and releasing them by bursting.

ii. Protection of inner whorls of the flower.

iii. Attracting insects for pollination. Protecting inner whorls.

iv. Production of pollen grains, the male gametes of flower.

v. Production of female gametes of flower. Participating in production of fruits.

Occurrence of chancre (patches) on various parts of body including genitals, rash, fever, inflammation of joints, alopecia, etc.

Painful and burning sensation during urination, oozing of pus through penis and vagina, inflammation of urinary tract, anus, throat, eyes, etc.

The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is quite low as compared to air which cannot fulfill the requirement of oxygen for breathing and hence affect the respiration process.

Specifically, underwater oxygen is available in dissolved form and humans cannot take in dissolved oxygen. 

Therefore, in order to fulfil the requirement of oxygen for respiration process divers carry oxygen with them.

Thyroid cartilage of larynx forms Adam’s apple in man.

Blood is called a liquid connective tissue because blood consists of a liquid medium which is known as plasma and since it transports different gases, hormones, nutrients, enzymes to different parts of our body, blood establishes a connection between each cell of body. 

Therefore, blood is called a liquid connective tissue.

Green areas of croton leaf contain starch. Starch is formed during the process of photosynthesis which takes place in the presence of chlorophyll yellow areas of croton leaf do not contain chlorophyll hence unable to form starch. Green areas contain chlorophyll, hence produce starch

The correct sequence is as follows:

 Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus, Efferent arteriole, Renal artery, Secondary capillaries, Renal vein

Presence of light is quite necessary for plants because in presence of light plants by the process of photosynthesis synthesizes their food. In the absence of light the process of photosynthesis is not possible. 

For synthesis of food presence of a pigment called chlorophyll is also necessary which absorbs the sunlight and helps in photosynthesis process. The colour of this pigment is green and therefore most of the plants exhibit green colour. 

But when there will be no sunlight, no photosynthesis takes place and as plant will not get energy there will be no chlorophyll in the plant after some time and thus plant start becoming yellow in the absence of light.

Each and every respiration organ is designed by the nature in a specialised way. This all is done in order to maximise its functional capability. 

For e.g. - Nostrils have mucous lining and hair so that it can prevent entry of harmful bacteria in the body. 

Trachea gets divided into bronchi & bronchioles to supply air to each & every part of lungs. 

Lungs have numerous sac like structure called as alveoli which increases the surface area of lungs so that better exchange of gases can take place.

Alveoli are very thin walled in order to promote better and easier diffusion of gases.

Hepatopancreatic duct opens into the duodenum of the alimentary canal to secrete bile juice and pancreatic juice.

Enzymes that break down cellulose and are involved in cell wall breakdown in higher plants, especially during abscission. Produced in large amounts by certain fungi and bacteria.

OR

Cellulases hydrolyze β-1,4-glucosidic linkages of insoluble cellulose at the solid/liquid interface, generating soluble cellooligosaccharides. 

Iodine is the test for starch. If starch is present, iodine turns blue-black in colour. So, if the solution turned blue black in colour when iodine was added to rice water, it indicates that rice water had starch present in it.

Bile juice (dark green-yellow pigment) is produced by the liver. It helps in the digestion of lipids (fats) in small intestine. It emulsifies (breaks down) larger fat globules into smaller ones so that enzymes can act efficiently on fat globules.

The answer is (d) starch

• Starch is made up of two components Amylose and Amylo pectin. 
• When we add iodine to starch containg waqter Amylose reacts with iodine to form a blue colour complex. 
• Here solution gives blue-black colour on adding Iodine which confirms the presence of starch in the rice water.

Trypsin secreted by the pancreas, hydrolyses more protein present in food that isn’t broken down by pepsin earlier. Lipase secreted from the pancreas split fat into fatty acids and glycerol.

The gastric juice contains three substances; hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin and mucus. Functions: 

(a)  Hydrochloric acid: It makes the medium of gastric juice acidic so that the enzyme pepsin can digest the proteins properly and also kills any bacteria that might have entered the stomach with food. 

(b)  Pepsin: The enzyme pepsin digests the proteins present in the food and converts them into smaller molecules. 

(c)  Mucus: The mucus helps to protect the stomach wall from its own secretions of hydrochloric acid

Frogs, snakes have cutaneous respiration. 

Following are the special features of the skin that make cutaneous respiration effective: 

•Moist and delicate nature of the skin makes the cutaneous respiration effective.

• Save the girl child.
• Daughters give lot of joy, it is not only the boy.

i. Mucor is a fungus having filamentous body. The filaments bear sporangia. Mature sporangia burst and release spores. Spores germinate to form new hyphae upon getting favourable moist and warm place.

ii. The spore formation is asexual type of reproduction seen in Mucor.

In developed animals like wall lizard the process of regeneration is used to restore the lost parts like tail or limbs. As the reproductive system is one of the fullfledged system in the body. the process of regeneration cannot be called type of reproduction.

But some primitive organisms such as Planaria use this method for procreation. Planaria breaks up its body into two parts. Each part has the ability to develop the lost part by process of regeneration. This forms two new Planaria.

All living organisms grow. Plants continue growing throughout their lives. Animals stop growing once they reach adulthood. Even when growth stops, materials within an animal’s body are still being replaced from its food.

Correct option is: (d) Abscisic acid

All living organisms are sensitive; this means that they have an awareness of changes in their environment. Animals respond quickly to stimuli such as heat, light, sound, touch and chemicals which have taste and smell. On the other hand, plants generally appear less sensitive and their response is slower.

Respiration is the process of extracting energy out of the food we eat. All living things respire because they need energy to grow, to replace worn out parts and to move. Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.

1. False. Abscisic acid helps in prevention and retardation of growth, leaf wilting etc.

2. False. The movement shown by venus fly trap while trapping an insect is a growth irrelevant movement.

3. False. The lotus flower opens during day time while that of tuberose (polyanthus) opens during night time.

4. False. Sensory neurons conduct impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and the spinal cord.

5. False. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

6. False. Activities like heart beat, blood circulation, breathing, sneezing, etc. are controlled by cerebellum.

7. False. Spinal nerves are associated with arms, legs, skin and some other parts of the body.

8. False. Nerve impulses are fast and short lived whereas action of hormones is slow and long lasting.

9. False. Reflex actions are controlled by spinal cord.

10. True