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It is a body with such shape that the flow is separated MUCH AHEAD of its rear END resulting in a large wake, the pressure drag being much greater than the FRICTION drag.

It is a body with such shape that the flow is separated much ahead of its rear end resulting in a large wake, the pressure drag being much greater than the friction drag.

WEBS are the METAL column in the DRILL which SEPARATES the flutes.

Webs are the metal column in the drill which separates the flutes.

Arbor TORQUE can be smooth END by increasing number of TEETH, using HIGHER spiral ANGLE of teeth, using higher cutting depth.

Arbor torque can be smooth end by increasing number of teeth, using higher spiral angle of teeth, using higher cutting depth.

In a a closed system (pipelines, or pumps), water evaporates rapidly in regions where the pressure drops below the VAPOUR pressure. This phenomenon is CALLED cavitation. The vapour bubbles formed in cavitation usually collapse in a VIOLENT manner, which MAY cause CONSIDERABLE damage to the system.

In a a closed system (pipelines, or pumps), water evaporates rapidly in regions where the pressure drops below the vapour pressure. This phenomenon is called cavitation. The vapour bubbles formed in cavitation usually collapse in a violent manner, which may cause considerable damage to the system.

PHP12.

PHP12.

RELATIVE ROUGHNESS.

Relative roughness.

While MACHINING DUCTILE MATERIALS at HIGH SPEED.

While machining ductile materials at high speed.

When the INERTIAL force and the VISCOUS force are considered to be the only FORCES governing the motion of the WATER, the Reynolds NUMBER of the model and the prototype must be kept at the same value.

When the inertial force and the viscous force are considered to be the only forces governing the motion of the water, the Reynolds number of the model and the prototype must be kept at the same value.

Geometric SIMILARITY : It IMPLIES similarity of form. The model is a geometric reduction of the prototype and is accomplished by maintaining a fixed ratio for all homologous lengths between the model and the prototype.

Kinematic similarity : It implies similarity in motion. Kinematic similarity between a model and the prototype is obtained if the homologous moving particles have the same velocity ratio along geometrically SIMILAR paths. It INVOLVES the scale of TIME as well as length.

Dynamic similarity : It implies similarity in forces involved in motion.

Geometric similarity : It implies similarity of form. The model is a geometric reduction of the prototype and is accomplished by maintaining a fixed ratio for all homologous lengths between the model and the prototype.

Kinematic similarity : It implies similarity in motion. Kinematic similarity between a model and the prototype is obtained if the homologous moving particles have the same velocity ratio along geometrically similar paths. It involves the scale of time as well as length.

Dynamic similarity : It implies similarity in forces involved in motion.

Hydraulic similitude is the principle on which the model studies are BASED.

Dimensional analysis is the analysis of the basic relationship of the various PHYSICAL QUANTITIES involved in the STATIC and dynamic behaviors of water flow in a hydraulic structure.

Hydraulic similitude is the principle on which the model studies are based.

Dimensional analysis is the analysis of the basic relationship of the various physical quantities involved in the static and dynamic behaviors of water flow in a hydraulic structure.

They GET COLLECTED at the CENTER of the CASTING.

They get collected at the center of the casting.

The force resulting from changing the speed of the water mass (say in a pipe due to sudden change of FLOW rate) may cause a pressure rise in the pipe with a magnitude several times greater than the normal STATIC pressure in the pipe. Pressure HEAD CAUSED by water HAMMER = C (V - velocity in pipe, C = celerity).

The force resulting from changing the speed of the water mass (say in a pipe due to sudden change of flow rate) may cause a pressure rise in the pipe with a magnitude several times greater than the normal static pressure in the pipe. Pressure head caused by water hammer = C (V - velocity in pipe, C = celerity).

It is a COMMONLY used COMPUTER program for a PIPE NETWORK.

It is a commonly used computer program for a pipe network.

Pipe network comprises a number of pipes connected together to FORM LOOPS and branches. For a network,

1. at any junction, Y.Q = 0 and
2. between any TWO junctions the total head loss is INDEPENDENT of the path taken.

Pipe network comprises a number of pipes connected together to form loops and branches. For a network,

When water is brought by pipes to a junction where more than two pipes MEET, them the TOTAL amount of water brought by pipes to a junction must ALWAYS be equal to that carried away from the junction by other pipes, and all pipes that meet at the junction must SHARE the same pressure at the junction.

When water is brought by pipes to a junction where more than two pipes meet, them the total amount of water brought by pipes to a junction must always be equal to that carried away from the junction by other pipes, and all pipes that meet at the junction must share the same pressure at the junction.

REYNOLDS NUMBER.

Reynolds number.

AVERAGE VELOCITY = 1/2 CENTRE LINE velocity.

Average velocity = 1/2 centre line velocity.

For UNIFORM LAMINAR FLOW.

For uniform laminar flow.

When MACH NUMBER is LESS than 0.4.

When Mach number is less than 0.4.

The ratio of the DIFFERENCE in DIAMETER of the TAPER to its length is termed conicity.

The ratio of the difference in diameter of the taper to its length is termed conicity.

It is the RATIO of the SIZE of the SURFACE imperfections to the inside diameter of the pipe.

It is the ratio of the size of the surface imperfections to the inside diameter of the pipe.

Tumbler GEAR mechanism is a mechanism consisting of number of different sized gears KEYED to the driving shaft in the form of CONE and is used to give the DESIRED direction of motion of the lathe spindle.

Tumbler gear mechanism is a mechanism consisting of number of different sized gears keyed to the driving shaft in the form of cone and is used to give the desired direction of motion of the lathe spindle.

CHILLS are USED to ACHIEVE DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION.

Chills are used to achieve directional solidification.

Both are ANALOGOUS and IRREVERSIBLE.

Both are analogous and irreversible.

STEEP CHANNEL : In this CASE normal depth < CRITICAL depth.
Critical channel : In this case normal depth = critical depth.
Mild channel : In this case, normal depth &GT; critical depth.
Adverse channel : In this case, the slope of channel bed < 0
Horizontal channel : In this case, the slope of channel bed = 0.

Steep channel : In this case normal depth < critical depth.
Critical channel : In this case normal depth = critical depth.
Mild channel : In this case, normal depth > critical depth.
Adverse channel : In this case, the slope of channel bed < 0
Horizontal channel : In this case, the slope of channel bed = 0.

The changes in water depth in the open channel TAKE place very gradually with distance. Depending on the channel slope, the surface conditions, the SECTIONAL geometry, and the discharge, these may be classified into five categories : steep channel, critical channel, MILD channel, HORIZONTAL channel, and adverse channel.

The changes in water depth in the open channel take place very gradually with distance. Depending on the channel slope, the surface conditions, the sectional geometry, and the discharge, these may be classified into five categories : steep channel, critical channel, mild channel, horizontal channel, and adverse channel.

It is a natural PHENOMENON in open CHANNEL. It is an abrupt REDUCTION in flow velocity by means of a sudden increase of water depth in the down stream direction. Through a hydraulic jump, and high-velocity supercritical flow is CHANGED to a low-velocity subcritical flow.

It is a natural phenomenon in open channel. It is an abrupt reduction in flow velocity by means of a sudden increase of water depth in the down stream direction. Through a hydraulic jump, and high-velocity supercritical flow is changed to a low-velocity subcritical flow.

ATOMIC HYDROGEN WELDING.

Atomic hydrogen welding.

D.C. GENERATOR SET.

D.C. generator set.

It is the RATIO of area and the TOP width of the CHANNEL SECTION.

It is the ratio of area and the top width of the channel section.

Dimensional analysis is the mathematics of dimensions and QUANTITIES and provides procedural TECHNIQUES whereby the variables that are ASSUMED to be SIGNIFICANT in a problem can be FORMED into dimensionless parameters, the number of parameters being less than the number of variables.

Dimensional analysis is the mathematics of dimensions and quantities and provides procedural techniques whereby the variables that are assumed to be significant in a problem can be formed into dimensionless parameters, the number of parameters being less than the number of variables.

Flow work is the amount of mechanical energy required to push or force a flowing fluid ACROSS a SECTION boundary.

Flow work is the amount of mechanical energy required to push or force a flowing fluid across a section boundary.

It is the RATIO of FLUID FLOW area/shear PERIMETER.

It is the ratio of fluid flow area/shear perimeter.

Negative.

Negative.

It OCCURS after a SEPARATION POINT.

It occurs after a separation point.

Open channel flow has a free water surface which is NORMALLY subject to the atmospheric pressure.

Steady open channel flow : In this case the discharge and water depth at any section in the reach do not change with time during the PERIOD of interest.

Unsteady open channel flow : In this case the discharge and the water depth at any section in the reach change with time.

Uniform open channel flow : In this case the discharge and the water depth remain the same in energy section in the channel reach. It is mostly steady.

Varied open channel {low : In this case the water depth and/or the discharge change along the length of the channel. It may be steady (such as flow over a spillway crest) or unsteady (as in the case of FLOOD waves or TIDAL surge).

Open channel flow has a free water surface which is normally subject to the atmospheric pressure.

Steady open channel flow : In this case the discharge and water depth at any section in the reach do not change with time during the period of interest.

Unsteady open channel flow : In this case the discharge and the water depth at any section in the reach change with time.

Uniform open channel flow : In this case the discharge and the water depth remain the same in energy section in the channel reach. It is mostly steady.

Varied open channel {low : In this case the water depth and/or the discharge change along the length of the channel. It may be steady (such as flow over a spillway crest) or unsteady (as in the case of flood waves or tidal surge).

BACK RAKE ANGLE and NOSE RADIUS.

Back rake angle and nose radius.

They COINCIDE.

They coincide.

0.01.

0.01.

At 0.577 DEPTH of CHANNEL.

At 0.577 depth of channel.

NOSE radius is favourable to LONG tool life and good SURFACE finish. A sharp point on the end of a tool is highly stressed, short lived and LEAVES a GROOVE in the path of cut.

Nose radius is favourable to long tool life and good surface finish. A sharp point on the end of a tool is highly stressed, short lived and leaves a groove in the path of cut.

An ADVERSE PRESSURE GRADIENT.

An adverse pressure gradient.

Critical DEPTH is the depth, at which the discharge may be DELIVERED through the SECTION at minimum ENERGY.

Critical FLOW is the flow in open channel corresponding to critical depth.

Critical depth is the depth, at which the discharge may be delivered through the section at minimum energy.

Critical flow is the flow in open channel corresponding to critical depth.

It is DEFINED as the ENERGY HEAD measured with respect to the channel BOTTOM at the section. At any section, it is equal to sum of the velocity head and the water depth at the section.

It is defined as the energy head measured with respect to the channel bottom at the section. At any section, it is equal to sum of the velocity head and the water depth at the section.

It is a half-hexagon in SHAPE.

It is a half-hexagon in shape.

Best HYDRAULIC SECTION is one in which for a GIVEN cross-section area, the channel section has least wetted PERIMETER.

Best hydraulic section is one in which for a given cross-section area, the channel section has least wetted perimeter.

DISCHARGE VARIES INVERSELY as VISCOSITY.

Discharge varies inversely as viscosity.

Shear forces between FLUID PARTICLES and boundary walls and between the fluid particles themselves, RESULT from the viscosity of the REAL fluid.

Shear forces between fluid particles and boundary walls and between the fluid particles themselves, result from the viscosity of the real fluid.

The axes of spin, precession, and APPLIED gyroscopic torque are contained in two planes perpendicular to each other, and planes of spin, precession, and applied gyroscopic torque in the THREE planes perpendicular to one ANOTHER.

The axes of spin, precession, and applied gyroscopic torque are contained in two planes perpendicular to each other, and planes of spin, precession, and applied gyroscopic torque in the three planes perpendicular to one another.

A primary transducer senses a physical PHENOMENA and converts it to an ANALOGUE OUTPUT.

The analogue output is then converted into an electrical signal by SECONDARY transducer.

A primary transducer senses a physical phenomena and converts it to an analogue output.

The analogue output is then converted into an electrical signal by secondary transducer.