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Burn up corresponds to destruction of FISSIONABLE material when it UNDERGOES NUCLEAR FISSION.

Burn up corresponds to destruction of fissionable material when it undergoes nuclear fission.

Breeding.

Breeding.

FERTILE MATERIALS, such as U28 and Th22.

Fertile materials, such as U28 and Th22.

It is the ratio of HEAT change from FEED WATER to steam and the heat of vaporization of steam at atmospheric pressure.

It is the ratio of heat change from feed water to steam and the heat of vaporization of steam at atmospheric pressure.

Excess air is required to ensure adequate MIXING of fuel and air, avoid smoke, MINIMIZE slagging in coal BURNING, and to ensure maximum STEAM output.

Excess air is required to ensure adequate mixing of fuel and air, avoid smoke, minimize slagging in coal burning, and to ensure maximum steam output.

In laminar flow the fluid PARTICLES move ALONG STRAIGHT, parallel paths in layers or laminae. Laminar flow is governed by the law relating SHEAR stress to rate of ANGULAR deformation i.e. the product of the viscosity of the fluid and velocity gradient.

In laminar flow the fluid particles move along straight, parallel paths in layers or laminae. Laminar flow is governed by the law relating shear stress to rate of angular deformation i.e. the product of the viscosity of the fluid and velocity gradient.

It is the VELOCITY below which all TURBULENCE is DAMPED out by the VISCOSITY of the FLUID.

It is the velocity below which all turbulence is damped out by the viscosity of the fluid.

Cutting speed, tool life, surface FINISH, cutting force/energy REQUIRED, TEMPERATURE rise at cutting point.

Cutting speed, tool life, surface finish, cutting force/energy required, temperature rise at cutting point.

UNSATISFACTORY performance of CUTTING tool leads to loss of dimensional ACCURACY, increase in SURFACE ROUGHNESS and increase in power requirements.

Unsatisfactory performance of cutting tool leads to loss of dimensional accuracy, increase in surface roughness and increase in power requirements.

CONTINUITY EQUATION.

Continuity equation.

1. TOOL life
2. Rate of METAL removal
3. POWER required
4. Surface texture and size of COMPONENT
5. Temperature of tool (or) chip.

It should be hard to RESIST flank wear and deformation, have high toughness to resist fracture, be chemically inert to the WORKPIECE, be chemically stable to resist oxidation and dissolution, and have GOOD RESISTANCE to thermal shocks.

It should be hard to resist flank wear and deformation, have high toughness to resist fracture, be chemically inert to the workpiece, be chemically stable to resist oxidation and dissolution, and have good resistance to thermal shocks.

When REYNOLDS number is very small, FRICTION factor f becomes independent of the Reynolds number and depends only on the relative roughness height. Such a pipe behaves as HYDRAULICALLY rough pipe.

When Reynolds number is very small, friction factor f becomes independent of the Reynolds number and depends only on the relative roughness height. Such a pipe behaves as hydraulically rough pipe.

As FEED rate increases, the SPECIFIC cutting pressure decreases. It LEADS to CONCLUDE that feed rates be maximised in METAL cutting process.

As feed rate increases, the specific cutting pressure decreases. It leads to conclude that feed rates be maximised in metal cutting process.

It has no VELOCITY COMPONENT TANGENT to it.

It has no velocity component tangent to it.

The energy line is a graphical representation of the energy at each SECTION.

Hydraulic grade line LIES below the energy line by an amount EQUAL to the velocity head at the section.

The energy line is a graphical representation of the energy at each section.

Hydraulic grade line lies below the energy line by an amount equal to the velocity head at the section.

VISCOUS FLOW.

Viscous flow.

The main FACTORS that are responsible for the formation of BUILT up edge are :

1. EXTREME pressure in the cutting zone
2. High friction in the tool chip interface
3. High LOCAL TEMPERATURE.

The main factors that are responsible for the formation of built up edge are :

Small DRILLS (less than 12 mm diameter) are provided with straight SHANKS which can be held in DHIREN chucks. BIGGER drills have tapered shank using self holding Morse tapers which PREVENT gravitational fall of drill.

Small drills (less than 12 mm diameter) are provided with straight shanks which can be held in Dhiren chucks. Bigger drills have tapered shank using self holding Morse tapers which prevent gravitational fall of drill.

When the cutting lips are not provided with CLEARANCE ANGLES. It will cut if 12° clearance ANGLE is GROUND.

When the cutting lips are not provided with clearance angles. It will cut if 12° clearance angle is ground.

In STEADY FLOW.

In steady flow.

In case of laminar flow, the velocity distribution follows a PARABOLIC law of variation. The maximum velocity at CENTER of PIPE is TWICE the average velocity. For turbulent flow, more uniform velocity distribution results.

In case of laminar flow, the velocity distribution follows a parabolic law of variation. The maximum velocity at center of pipe is twice the average velocity. For turbulent flow, more uniform velocity distribution results.

Drills used for BRASS and other soft materials and thin sheets need not be provided with any helix angle, to PREVENT the lips DIGGING into the workpiece.

Drills used for brass and other soft materials and thin sheets need not be provided with any helix angle, to prevent the lips digging into the workpiece.

If flute SUBMERGED in a DRILLED hole, the chips DISPOSAL passage is BLOCKED and the DRILL will get jammed in the hole.

If flute submerged in a drilled hole, the chips disposal passage is blocked and the drill will get jammed in the hole.

When CONDITIONS do not CHANGE with TIME at any POINT.

When conditions do not change with time at any point.

It relates mass RATE of flow ALONG a stream TUBE.

It relates mass rate of flow along a stream tube.

STEADY non-uniform FLOW.

Steady non-uniform flow.

It DECREASES with RADIUS.

It decreases with radius.

As SQUARE of the RADIAL DISTANCE.

As square of the radial distance.

META CENTER should be above the center of GRAVITY.

Meta center should be above the center of gravity.

Buoyancy is the VERTICAL FORCE exerted on the body by the fluid at rest. The buoyancy of a SUBMERGED body in a fluid at rest is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and it acts upward through the center of gravity of the displaced VOLUME (the center of buoyancy).

Buoyancy is the vertical force exerted on the body by the fluid at rest. The buoyancy of a submerged body in a fluid at rest is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and it acts upward through the center of gravity of the displaced volume (the center of buoyancy).

HYDROSTATIC paradox is the phenomenon that the floor load of water in vessels of DIFFERENT shapes carrying water at same level DEPENDS only on the area of the bottom surface and not on the SHAPE of the VESSEL.

Hydrostatic paradox is the phenomenon that the floor load of water in vessels of different shapes carrying water at same level depends only on the area of the bottom surface and not on the shape of the vessel.

For cutting right HAND helical GEAR right SIDE of milling table is tilted up from normal position by the HELIX angle. For cutting left hand helical gear, right side of table needs to be tilted down at helix angle, all other settings remaining UNCHANGED.

For cutting right hand helical gear right side of milling table is tilted up from normal position by the helix angle. For cutting left hand helical gear, right side of table needs to be tilted down at helix angle, all other settings remaining unchanged.

Relative density is that pure number which denotes the ratio of the mass of a BODY to the mass of an equal volume of a substance taken as a standard. This standard is usually water (at 4°C) for SOLIDS and liquids, and air free or C02 or hydrogen (at 0°C and 1 atmosphere = 1.013 x 105 Pa pressure) for gases.

Viscosity of a fluid is that property which DETERMINES the amount of its resistance to a shearing force. It is DUE primarily to interaction between fluid molecules.

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute viscosity and mass density. (Its unit is m2/s).

Relative density is that pure number which denotes the ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume of a substance taken as a standard. This standard is usually water (at 4°C) for solids and liquids, and air free or C02 or hydrogen (at 0°C and 1 atmosphere = 1.013 x 105 Pa pressure) for gases.

Viscosity of a fluid is that property which determines the amount of its resistance to a shearing force. It is due primarily to interaction between fluid molecules.

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of absolute viscosity and mass density. (Its unit is m2/s).

Both jig and fixture positively locate, hold and clamp the workpiece. Jigs guide the tool for DRILLING etc but fixture has no facility to guide the cutting tools. Jigs are USED for drilling etc and fixture for MASS MILLING, TURNING, grinding, etc.

Both jig and fixture positively locate, hold and clamp the workpiece. Jigs guide the tool for drilling etc but fixture has no facility to guide the cutting tools. Jigs are used for drilling etc and fixture for mass milling, turning, grinding, etc.

JIG clamps and locates parts in positive manner and guides cutting tools (drills, reamers, TAPS etc). Fixture is bolted or fixed securely to the machine table so that work is in correct LOCATION ship to the CUTTER. Fixtures are used for MASS milling, turning and grinding, etc.

Jig clamps and locates parts in positive manner and guides cutting tools (drills, reamers, taps etc). Fixture is bolted or fixed securely to the machine table so that work is in correct location ship to the cutter. Fixtures are used for mass milling, turning and grinding, etc.

Hydrodynamic bearings are more suitable at HIGH speed, better TOLERANCES, quiet OPERATION, HIGHER capacity to withstand shock, lesser space requirement, better LIFE under fatigue conditions etc.

Hydrodynamic bearings are more suitable at high speed, better tolerances, quiet operation, higher capacity to withstand shock, lesser space requirement, better life under fatigue conditions etc.

The deformation of real FLUIDS is resisted by forces caused by INTERNAL friction or viscosity. Viscosity is that property of a real FLUID which CREATES shear forces (fluid friction) between TWO liquid elements.

The deformation of real fluids is resisted by forces caused by internal friction or viscosity. Viscosity is that property of a real fluid which creates shear forces (fluid friction) between two liquid elements.

It is a combination of pressure PROBE and PITOT tube. It is widely used for pressure MEASUREMENTS in wind-tunnel INSTALLATIONS.

It is a combination of pressure probe and pitot tube. It is widely used for pressure measurements in wind-tunnel installations.

Metacentre is the point at the INTERSECTION of the buoyancy with the vertical AXIS of the BODY.

Metacentre is the point at the intersection of the buoyancy with the vertical axis of the body.

It is EQUAL to the VOLUME of the liquid DISPLACED. The line of ACTION of buoyant force ACTS through the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid.

It is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced. The line of action of buoyant force acts through the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid.

According to one-seventh POWER law of turbulent, VELOCITY VARIATION corresponds to a much FAVOURED velocity profile and the MEAN velocity increases as the one-seventh power of the distance from the boundary wall.

According to one-seventh power law of turbulent, velocity variation corresponds to a much favoured velocity profile and the mean velocity increases as the one-seventh power of the distance from the boundary wall.

If a flow is UNIFORM in one region (WITHOUT rotation), this PROPERTY is conserved as the FLUID moves into a region of space where the motion is not uniform, and the flow is termed irrotational flow.

If a flow is uniform in one region (without rotation), this property is conserved as the fluid moves into a region of space where the motion is not uniform, and the flow is termed irrotational flow.

It EQUALS TWICE the ANGULAR VELOCITY.

It equals twice the angular velocity.

IRREGULAR JOB can be FIXED.

Irregular job can be fixed.

Stream lines are imaginary CURVES drawn through a fluid to indicate the direction of motion in various sections of the flow of the fluid system. There can be no flow ACROSS a streamline at any point.

Stream tube REPRESENTS elementary portions of a flowing fluid bounded by a GROUP of STREAMLINES which confine the flow.

Stream lines are imaginary curves drawn through a fluid to indicate the direction of motion in various sections of the flow of the fluid system. There can be no flow across a streamline at any point.

Stream tube represents elementary portions of a flowing fluid bounded by a group of streamlines which confine the flow.

Uniform FLOW occurs when the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the FLUID.

Non uniform flow occurs when velocity, depth, PRESSURE, ETC. change from point to point in the fluid flow.

Uniform flow occurs when the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid.

Non uniform flow occurs when velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow.

In STEADY flow, at any point, the VELOCITY of SUCCESSIVE FLUID particles is the same at successive periods of time.

Flow is unsteady when CONDITIONS at any point in a fluid change with time,

In steady flow, at any point, the velocity of successive fluid particles is the same at successive periods of time.

Flow is unsteady when conditions at any point in a fluid change with time,

Irrotational flow : An ideal fluid flow in which no shear stresses occur and hence no torques exist. Rotational motion of fluid PARTICLES about their own mass centers can not exist. It can be REPRESENTED by a flow NET.

Rotational flow occurs when the velocity of each particle varies DIRECTLY as the distance from the center of rotation.

Irrotational flow : An ideal fluid flow in which no shear stresses occur and hence no torques exist. Rotational motion of fluid particles about their own mass centers can not exist. It can be represented by a flow net.

Rotational flow occurs when the velocity of each particle varies directly as the distance from the center of rotation.

True one-DIMENSIONAL flow occurs when the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical. VELOCITIES and ACCELERATIONS normal to the streamline are NEGLIGIBLE. Two dimensional flow occurs when the fluid particles, move in planes or parallel planes and the stream-line patterns are identical in each plane.

True one-dimensional flow occurs when the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical. Velocities and accelerations normal to the streamline are negligible. Two dimensional flow occurs when the fluid particles, move in planes or parallel planes and the stream-line patterns are identical in each plane.