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Quit India Movement was launched in 1942 during the Second World War, with the slogan, “Quit India” meaning thereby that the British should left India. The movement was led by Mahatama Gandhiji. The government arrested all the leaders. As this event occured in August, 1942, it is also known as the August revolution. This was the public campaign for the National Movement.

It was in 1930 that Mahatama Gandhi gave a call to launch Civil Disobedience movement i.e. to violate the government laws peacefully and without any violence. The Indians could not make even salt without the government permission. Under Gandhiji’s leadership, people marched from Gujarat to Dandi to make salt in a large number. The police continued their lathi charge, but the revolutionaries did not budge and advanced to Dandi raising the slogan “Bharat Mata Ki Jai”. Thus, it was Gandhiji’s non violent movement which was known as the Civil Disobedience Movement.

To oppose the Rowlatt Act of 1919, the peaceful meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar (Punjab). On 13th April 1919 when suddenly General Dyer ordered his forces to fire at the unarmed crowd, killing many of them. General Dyre was awarded in Britain for this act of bravery. Later the revolutionary Udham Singh shot General Dyer to Death in London.

Correct Answer is: (a) Amritsar

(A) Swadeshi Movement

Curzon proposed the partition of Bengal in 1903

On 16th October 1905, the day the partition of Bengal went into effect, was observed in Bengal as a day of Mourning.

(D) All the above

My name is Sarath Chandra Chatterji. I was studying B.A. – I year in Calcutta College. Britishers occupied our country. They were trying to cut it into pieces as a cake. Till now we, the Indians, are in faith of Law of ‘Karma’. But we wanted to teach them a lesson. We planned to burn the foreign goods in our area.

It is our centre. The roads were clear upto 2 p.m. But all of sudden they were crowded. In the junction we lit a fire. We, all our neighbourhood, threw the foreign cloths and all the foreign goods into the fire. The fire brightened the sky.We gave our slogan ‘Vande Mataram’ and it sounded as ‘Om’. Our eyes were flooded with tears. The light of the fire revealed our attitude towards freedom to the world. Our anger frightened the British.

We decided to attain freedom even by sacrificing our lives

“Vande Mataram” 

“Vande Mataram”

Recently ‘Jai Andhra’ movement took place in our region on the occasion of separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh.

Reasons:

1. Regional imbalances 

2. Political ill healthness 

3. Lack of broad outlook

(B) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer is (B) 1906

Yes, I think it was correct. 

The reason: 

India had no rivalry with Germany or its alliance. We were appealing and fighting with the British to quit India. So it seemed jovial to fight for them. So I think it was correct.

(B) Prayer and humiliation day

The British government always supported the Mahants, the priests of the Gurudwaras. The Sikhs did not like it. These priests had entered the Gurudwaras as Sewadars but during the British rule, they began to consider themselves as the owners of the Gurudwaras. They considered the property of Gurudwaras as their personal property. Patronage of the British was available to the Mahants or priests. So they thought that their hold on the Gurudwaras was safe. They started living a luxurious life. The Sikhs could not tolerate it.

Following were the main clauses of Act of 1919 A.D. :

• Through this Act, subjects were divided between Centre and Provinces.
• Dyarchy was established in provinces.
• The communal electoral system was spread.
• System of two houses of the legislative council was made in the Centre.
• Members of state Council were increased to 60, and members of Legislative Assembly were increased to 145.
• Powers and rights of secretary of states were reduced. Number of members of its council was also reduced.

Indians were not very much pleased with Act of 1919 A.D. So they started Satyagraha movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, to oppose this Act.

(C) Both A & B

Guru Ka Bagh is situated 13 miles away from Amritsar in Tehsil Ajnala. This Gurudwara was in the possession of Mahant Sunder Dass, who was a characterless person. Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee sent a Jatha on 23 Aug., 1921 A.D. under the leadership of Dhan Singh to take charge of the Gurudwara. The police arrested the members of this Jatha. The Sikhs got annoyed with this incident and sent many more Jathas, which were very cruelly treated by the police. All political parties of the country condemned this action of the government.

Indians helped the British in First World War. So the British published Montegue- Chelmsford report to please Indians. Act of 1919 A.D. was passed on the basis of this report.

Following were the main points of this Act :

• India will remain a part of the British Empire.
• Gradually the responsible rule will be established in India.
• Indians will be included in every department of state administration.

Satyagraha was one of the largest weapons of Mahatma Gandhi. According to it, he used to keep fast or to set on protest. Many a time he used to keep hunger strike.

In July 1932, the British removed Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha from the throne without any reason. Shiromani Akali Dal and other patriot Sikhs condemned this action of the government and a Jatha of 500 Akalis marched towards Gurudwara Gangasar (Jaito) on 21st February, 1924. On reaching Nabha, they faced the British Army. Many Sikhs were killed and a large number of them were injured. Finally, the Sikhs succeeded in getting their demands accepted by the government.

Poona Pact was held between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in September 1932 A.D.

Mahatma Gandhiji was born on 2nd Oct. 1869 A.D. in the house of Diwan Karam Chand Gandhi at Porbandar of Kathiawar (Gujarat). His mother was Putli Bai. Gandhiji received his early education in India and went to England for higher education. He became barrister and came back to India in 1891 A.D. He went to South Africa in 1893 A.D. Indian people were badly treated over there by the British. Gandhiji criticized it. He started Satyagraha movement over there and Indians were given their rights. Gandhiji came back to India in 1915 A.D.

Cripps was a minister of the British Government. The British Government sent him to India in 1942 A.D to satisfy Indians so that they could help the British in the World War II.

To oppose the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of their popular leaders.

Massacre of Jallianwala Bagh took place on 13th April 1919 A.D. at Amritsar.

1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: In 1919 A.D. and under the orders of Mahatma Gandhi, strikes were called and processions were held in Punjab to oppose Rowlatt Act. Two famous leaders of Amritsar Dr. Kitchloo and Dr. Satpal were arrested on 10th April 1919 A.D. Indians took out a procession to oppose this Act. Government ordered to open fire at this procession. As a result, few people were killed. So Indians became angry and killed 5 British officers. The British Government called the Military in Amritsar city to control the situation.

Around 20,000 people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh of Amritsar on 13th April 1919 to oppose Rowlatt Act. General Dyer ordered to fire bullets at these people. People started to run here and there to save their lives. This garden was closed from three sides and the fourth side was covered by the soldiers. Just within a short span of time whole of the garden was filled with blood and dead bodies. Around 1000 people were killed in this massacre and 3000 persons were wounded. People got furious after knowing about this massacre.

2. Khilafat Movement: Turkey helped Germany against the British in the first world war. Turkish Sultan ‘Abdul Hamid II’ was considered as Khalifa or religious leader of Muslims of Indians. They helped the British in the war so that Khalifa of Turkey will not be treated badly at the hands of the British. But Turkey was divided into many parts by the British at the end of the war and Khalifa was imprisoned by the British.

So Indian Muslims started Khilafat Movement to oppose the British. Shaukat Afi, Muhammad Afi, Abul Kalam Azad and Azmal Khan were its main leaders. Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak also took part in this movement to establish unity among Hindus and Muslims.

The tragedy of the Jallianwala Bagh occurred in 1919 A.D. on the Baisakhi Day. The people of Amritsar were holding a meeting in Jallianwala Bagh on that day to protest against the arrest of their leaders. General Dyer, without giving any warning, ordered his troops to fire on the peaceful meeting. As a result, a wave of discontent and anger spread all over the country. The struggle for freedom took a new turn. Now, it became a struggle of all the people against the foreign rulers.

Main objective of Swaraj Party was to take part in elections and to struggle for achievement of independence. Swaraj Party got important success in the elections of central assembly and state assemblies held on 1st November 1923 A.D.

Muslim League was pleased with the resignations of Congress leaders from provincial legislative councils in 1939 A.D. That’s why leader of League Mohammad Ali Jinnah decided to celebrate Freedom Day on 22nd Sept., 1939 A.D. On 23rd March 1940 A.D., Muslim League demanded Free Pakistan for Muslims by calling two separate nations for Hindus and Muslims. The Britishers also supported Muslim League because they wanted to weaken National movement.

In August, 1942.

The Indian Independence Act was passed on 16th July’, 1947. But it was finally approved by the Crown two days later.

Many people were killed due to the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh (13th April 1919 A.D.). This massacre took a new turn to freedom struggle of India. This struggle was limited to few people before the massacre. Now it became the struggle of the masses. Farmers, labourers, students, etc, started to take part in it. Lot of enthusiasm came in freedom struggle with this massacre and the freedom struggle started with great pace.

Swaraj Party was founded by Pt. Moti Lai Nehru and C.R. Dass in 1923 A.D.

Correct option is (c) 16 Aug, 1946

The Quit India movement was started in August 1942 A.D. The Government tried to suppress this movement with full force.

Correct option is (c) Subhash Chandra Bose

Nau-Jawan Bharat Sabha was founded by Sardar Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev and Bhagwati Charan Vohra at Lahore in 1926 A.D.

The Indian National Congress demanded Poorna Swaraj or complete independence in 1929 A.D. at its Lahore Session.

Rowlatt Act was passed to suppress the movement of the people. According to it, any person could be arrested only on the basis of doubt. That’s why it was opposed by the people.

Sukhdev and Rajguru. They were hanged on 23rd March, 1931 in the Central Jail at Lahore.

The Simon Commission came to India in 1928. Lala Lajpat Rai was severely wounded by police lathis while leading a procession against the Simon Commission at Lahore. He died of the injuries a few days later.

(C) Both A & B

Answer is (D) None

Answer is (B) 1929

Correct option is (a) Lord Rippen

Correct option is (b) 1878 A.D.

Correct option is (a) Vernacular Press Act

Correct option is (c) 1915 A.D.

Correct option is (b) 1919 A.D.