Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) Ethyl alcohol:

Ethyl chloride reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide to form ethyl alcohol.

C₂H₅Cl + KOH + boil →C₂H₅OH + KCl

(b) Methyl alcohol:

Methyl bromide reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide to form methyl alcohol.

CH₃Br + KOH + boil →CH₃OH

 The number of C – H bonds in ethane molecule are  Six.

1-cyclobutyl-2-cyclopropylethene

2-(cyclobut-2-en-1-yl)-propanal

chain isomerism

(d) Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃

Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ is called feme ferrocyanide.

(NH₄)₃.PO₄.MO₃

Fe(CNS)₃

The formula of feme suiphocyanide is Fe(CNS)₃.

Halogens

Silver nitrate test is used to detect the presence of Halogens.

2-cyclopentyipropanal

Carbon & Hydrogen

(A)  position

V and VI, VI and VII and V and VII form pairs of metamers because they have different alkyl chains on either side of ethereal oxygen (-O-).

Compounds I to IV, i.e., alcohols, and V to VII, i.e., ethers, are functional group isomers with molecular formula C H O and different functional groups (-OH in I to IV and -O- in V to VII).

Hence, I and V, I and VI, I and VII; II and V, II and VI, II and VII; HI and V, IH and VI; IH and VII; IV and V, IV and VI, IV and VH are functional group isomers.

(ii) II and III

(i) a pair of electrons to donate

(iii) negative charge

correct option  (D)

(D)  CH₃CHCH₃ 

When an organic compound is present in an aqueous medium it is separated by shaking it with organic solvent in which it is more soluble than in water. The aqueous solution is mixed with organic solvent in a separating funnel and shaken for sometimes and then allowed to stand for some time .When organic solvent and water form two separate layers the lower layer is run out by opening the tap of funnel and organic layer is separated. The process is repeated several times and pure organic compound is separated. 

Steam distillation is used to purify the liquids which are steam volatile and insoluble in water and the liquids are not miscible with each other. 

Nitric acid is added to decompose NaCN and Na₂S 

 NaCN + HNO₃ → NaNO₃ + HCN 

 Na₂S + 2HNO₃ → 2NaNO₃ + H₂S 

H₂S and HCN are gases and are escaped from the reaction vessel and do not interfere with the test.  

(a) Ethanol

(b) Acetic acid

(c) Propanoic acid

Ethane and ethene (using alkaline KMnO₄) 

Ethene decolourises the colour of alkaline KMnO₄ but ethane does not.

Here, mass of the substance taken= 0.157g

Mass of BaSO₄ ppt. formed= 0.4813g

1 mole of BaSO₄ is equivalent to 1 g atom of S

(137+32+64)= 233g of BaSO₄=32g of S

0.4813g of BaSO₄ will contain sulphur=32/233*0.4813

% of sulphur in the compound= 32/233*0.4813*100/0.157

= 42.10

 Acidified CuSO₄ solution is used to absorb impurities of phosphene hydrogen sulphide, ammonia etc. 

(a) When acetic acid reacts with litmus it turns blue litmus red.

(b) When acetic acid reacts with metals hydrogen is evolved.

2CH₃COOH + Zn → (CH₃COO)₂Zn + H₂

(c) When acetic acid reacts with alkalies it forms salt

CH₃COOH + NaOH →CH₃COONa + H₂O

(d) Acetic acid reacts with alcohols forming esters

CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH + H₂SO₄ → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

(a) When acetic acid and ethanol react it results in the formation of ethyl acetate.

(b) Lithium aluminium hydride(LiAlH₄) is used to convert acetic acid to ethanol.

(c) Phosphorous pentoxide(P₂O₅) is heated along with acetic acid to form acetic anhydride.

Vinegar commonly called Sirka is a dilute solution of acetic acid. The presence of coloring matter gives it a greyish color while the presence of some other organic acids and organic compounds impart it the usual taste and flavor.

(a) First three members of carboxylic acids are:

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid

(b) Three compounds that can be oxidized directly or in stages to produce acetic acid are:

Ethanol

Acetylene

Ethanal

An organic compound containing the carboxyl group(COOH) is known as carboxylic acid.

The general formula: C_nH_2n+1COOH

(a) Used for illuminating country houses : Ethyne

(b) Used for making a household plastic material: ethyne

(c) Called 'wood spirit' : Methanol

(d) Poisonous: Methanol

(e) Consumed as a drink: Ethanol

(f) Made from water gas: Methanol

 Unsaturated hydrocarbon with double bond.

 Addition reaction.

 The molecular formula of an organic compound C₁₀H₁₈ is  Alkyne.

The compound formed when ethene reacts with hydrogen is C₂H₆ .

(c) Fe(CNS)₃ : Prussian blue colour

The commercial gas cylinders of acetylene contain a solution of acetylene in acetone. The cylinder contains a porous material into which the acetone and acetylene are absorbed. The pressure in a freshly filled cylinder of acetylene is about 15 atmosphere. 

Addition reaction.

When ethylene is passed through alkaline KMnO₄ solution 1, 2-Ethanediol is formed. The Purple color of KMnO4 decolorizes.

CH₂ = CH₂ + H – O − H + [O] → CH₂(OH) − CH₂(OH)

Cold alkaline

KMnO₄ solution

(a) C₂H₄ contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. 

(b) C₂H₂ contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms. 

Addition reaction. 

steam distilation

esters

Carboxylic acids are isomenc with esters.

Addition of hydrogen to ethene occurs at 300°C in the presence of nickel (Ni) catalyst. 

azeotropic distillation

2-chloro-3-ethyl- 1, 4-pentadiene

Palladiurh (Pd) or Platinum (Pt) are used as catalyst at room temperature for the addition of hydrogen.

chromatography

1, 1-dichloropropane