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101.	Ion analysers need calibration once in which of the following durations?(a) Every two or three hours(b) Every nine or ten hours(c) Every 24 hours(d) Every 48 hoursThe question was posed to me by my college professor while I was bunking the class.My doubt is from Ion Analyser topic in portion pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Right option is (a) EVERY TWO or three hours Easiest explanation: Ion ANALYSERS need calibration every two or three hours. TEMPERATURE affects the output.

102.	The Nernst equation is given by which of the following statements?(a) E=Eo + 2.303 RT/F log CH(b) E=Eo – 2.303 RT/F log CH(c) E=Eo + 2.303 RT×F log CH(d) E=Eo – 2.303 RT×F log CHThe question was asked in homework.I would like to ask this question from pH Measurement and Types in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) E=Eo + 2.303 RT/F log CH The best I can explain: The Nernst equation is REPRESENTED as, E=Eo + 2.303 RT/F log CH. it is used for MEASURING the potential of ELECTRODES.

103.	Which of the following cannot be used as secondary reference electrode?(a) Calomel electrode(b) Silver-silver chloride electrode(c) Mercury-mercury sulphate electrode(d) Glass electrodeThis question was posed to me in an online interview.My query is from Secondary Reference Electrodes in division pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct option is (d) GLASS electrode Easy explanation: Glass electrode cannot be USED as secondary REFERENCE electrode. It is an indicator electrode. It responds to the CHANGES in the activity of the analyte ion.

104.	Why is Standard hydrogen electrode called as the primary reference electrode?(a) It has a known output potential(b) It has a constant output potential(c) Its output potential is independent of the composition of the solution(d) Its output potential is zero voltsThis question was posed to me in quiz.I need to ask this question from Hydrogen and Glass Electrodes in portion pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Right choice is (d) Its OUTPUT potential is ZERO volts For EXPLANATION: Standard HYDROGEN electrode is CALLED the primary reference electrode as its output potential is zero volts. It is employed in conjunction with the indicator or working electrode.

105.	LiCl salt bridge is more suitable in organic solvents than KCl.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question during an online exam.My doubt is from Secondary Reference Electrodes in division pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Right ANSWER is (a) True For explanation I WOULD say: LiCl SALT BRIDGE is more suitable in organic solvents than KCl. It is USED for the measurement of non-aqueous solutions.

106.	Which of the following reference electrodes are used as internal and external reference electrodes in combination electrodes?(a) Silver/silver chloride electrode(b) Calomel electrode(c) Mercury/mercury sulphate electrode(d) Mercury/mercury chloride electrodeI had been asked this question in class test.This interesting question is from Combination Electrode topic in portion pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» The correct CHOICE is (a) Silver/silver chloride ELECTRODE To explain: Silver/silver chloride electrode is used as internal and EXTERNAL reference electrodes in COMBINATION electrodes. Internal reference electrode is identical with an external reference electrode.

107.	Which of the following is the simplest of pH meters?(a) Null-detector type pH meter(b) Direct reading type pH meter(c) Digital pH meter(d) Modern pH meterThe question was asked in an interview for internship.I'd like to ask this question from pH Meters topic in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Right choice is (a) Null-detector type PH METER To explain: Null-detector type pH meter is the simplest of all pH meters. It is ALSO KNOWN as the potentiometer type.

108.	Which of the following is the relation between the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in an acidic solution?(a) Value of hydrogen ion concentration is greater(b) Value of hydroxyl ion concentration is greater(c) They are both always the same(d) The concentrations keep changingI had been asked this question during a job interview.This interesting question is from pH Measurement and Types in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct choice is (a) Value of hydrogen ION concentration is greater Easy EXPLANATION: In acidic SOLUTION, the value of hydrogen ion concentration is greater than that of hydroxyl ion concentration. It can be represented as [H+]>[OH-].

109.	Which of the following is the simple and most convenient hydrogen electrode?(a) Pascal Hydrogen electrode(b) Bourne Hydrogen electrode(c) Hilderbant Hydrogen electrode(d) West Hydrogen electrodeI had been asked this question in examination.I need to ask this question from Hydrogen and Glass Electrodes topic in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» The correct CHOICE is (c) Hilderbant HYDROGEN electrode To EXPLAIN I would say: The hydrogen electrode given by Hilderbant is the SIMPLE and most convenient hydrogen electrode. A NUMBER of hydrogen electrodes are available.

110.	If hydrogen electrode acts as cathode, hydrogen is reduced.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in quiz.This interesting question is from Hydrogen and Glass Electrodes in section pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» RIGHT choice is (a) True Explanation: If hydrogen electrode ACTS as CATHODE, hydrogen is REDUCED. If hydrogen electrode acts as anode, hydrogen is oxidised.

111.	When electrode potential response is plotted as a function of ammonia concentration on a semi-log graph, the graph obtained will be ____________(a) A straight line(b) Parabolic(c) Sigmoidal(d) A curveThis question was addressed to me in homework.I want to ask this question from Ammonia and Fluoride Electrode in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct OPTION is (a) A straight LINE Explanation: When ELECTRODE POTENTIAL response is plotted as a function of ammonia concentration, the graph obtained will be a straight line. The slope will be about 58mV per decade.

112.	Which of the following is not a type of ground in ion analyser?(a) Chassis and electrostatic ground(b) Digital ground(c) Analog ground(d) Reference groundThe question was asked in an international level competition.I'd like to ask this question from Ion Analyser topic in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct choice is (d) Reference ground Explanation: There is no such point as a reference ground. Three types of GROUNDING are PROVIDED which are chassis and ELECTROSTATIC ground, digital ground and ANALOG ground.

113.	The composition of glass membrane in glass electrode cannot have which of the following?(a) Sodium silicate(b) Calcium silicate(c) Lithium silicate(d) Barium silicateI got this question during an interview for a job.My enquiry is from Hydrogen and Glass Electrodes topic in section pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (d) Barium silicate Best explanation: Glass electrode consists of EITHER sodium or CALCIUM silicate or lithium silicates containing glass membrane. It has lanthanum and barium IONS added to the membrane.

114.	Which of the following gas permeable membrane is used for ammonia gas sensing electrode?(a) Silicon rubber(b) Microporous Teflon membrane(c) Fluorocarbon(d) PolytheneThe question was asked in homework.This is a very interesting question from Special Designs of Ion Selective Electrodes topic in section pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Right answer is (c) Fluorocarbon The explanation is: GAS PERMEABLE membrane used for AMMONIA SENSING electrode is fluorocarbon membrane. For each gas different MEMBRANES are used.

115.	Which of the following is not a characteristic of the immobilized enzymes?(a) They cannot be re-used(b) It produces reproducible results(c) Stability exists(d) Same catalytic activity is present for number of analysisThis question was addressed to me in homework.Question is from Biosensors topic in section pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct choice is (a) They cannot be re-used Easiest explanation: IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES can be reused. This ENSURES that the same catalytic activity is present for a number of ANALYSES.

116.	In glucose sensor, a measure of change in oxygen value is a measure of the glucose value.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in an interview for internship.My question is taken from Biosensors in portion pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» Correct ANSWER is (a) True Easiest explanation: In GLUCOSE SENSOR, a measure of CHANGE in oxygen value is a measure of the glucose value. It is then processed and displayed.

117.	For constructing the glucose sensor, which of the following is used as a gel?(a) Urea(b) Urease(c) Acrylamide(d) PolyacrylamideThis question was addressed to me in a national level competition.My question is based upon Biosensors in chapter pH Meters and Ion Analysers of Analytical Instrumentation
Answer» CORRECT option is (d) Polyacrylamide Easy EXPLANATION: For constructing the sensor, polyacrylamide is used as the gel. It is used to ENTRAP the glucose OXIDASE.

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