Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

40% of population of the country lives on the plains.

(i) Growth rate of population is calculated on the basis of difference between birth rate and death rate.

(ii) Earlier the difference between birth rate and death rate was high, so the growth rate was high.

(iii) Today the growth rate is decreasing because the difference between birth rate and death rate is not as high as it was earlier.

So it is said that in India the growth rate of population is decreasing, but the population is increasing.

Density of population is calculated based on the land area. Hence land area is more in China, the density of population is less.

The development of a country depends upon its size of population. A lower population is somehow manageable and resources can be distributed equally. But, sometimes the low population leads to lower demands of goods and services and lower tax revenues for the government to provide goods and services.

The sex ratio of India is 943 per thousand males. There is a general declining trend in sex ratio. The ratio in 1901 was 972. It was declined to 934 in 1981. This decline has been due to social evils in our society.

In our society, female child is neglected. Male population dominates in our society. There is high death rate among females. Death rate is particularly high among married women. Women labour migrates to some mining and industrial centres. It also results in declining sex ratio.

The northern plains and Kerala in the south have high to very high population densities because of the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall. 

The density of population is high in plains. This is due to:

1. The Northern plain is fertile.
2. It has high rainfall.
3. It has many big industrial centres.
4. The means of transport are developed.
5. Coastal plain has facilities of fishing and foreign trade.

• India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of about 121 crores (Census 2011).
• India occupies only 2.41% of the land area of the world, but supports 17.5% of the world’s population.
• Thus India has less percent of world’s land and supports high percent of world’s population.
• Hence, India’s average population density is high i.e. 382 persons per sq. km.

i) Along the northern plains, the density of population is very high because of the fertility of the soil, road and rail network, etc. 

ii) Lack of fertility of the soil and the difficulty in reaching the places are the reasons. At the same time presence of mineral resources have helped the concentration of population in some areas. 

iii) In the mountain states, the population is very less due to difficult terrains and the soil is not suitable for cultivation.

Correct option is (c) 551.

The following are the problems in areas of low population densities:

1. Shortage of labour supply 

2. Low levels of demand for various goods and services

3. Under utilization of resources, etc.

One symbol = 100 persons

There are 10 female symbols.

Number of females = 100 x 10 = 1000

There are 8 male symbols

Number of males = 100 x 8 = 800

Number of females = \(\cfrac{1000X1000}{800} = 1250\)

Sex Ratio is 1250 females per 1000 males.

• Ganga plains are fertile low lying plains formed due to the deposition work of River Ganga and its tributaries.
• Mild climate, moderate rainfall and fertile soil have led to the development of agriculture and industries.
• This region also has a dense network of roadways and railways.
• So, the population density is high in the Ganga Plains.

A: What do these graphs show?

B: These graphs show the literacy rate of India and Brazil.

A: What do you mean by literacy rate?

B: It means the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above ‘ who can read and write with understanding.

A: It means that, as on today’s date, the literacy rate of our country is 72.2%.

B: But, Brazil had an even higher literacy rate decades back in 1981, i.e. 74.6% and it has touched 92.6 as of today (2018), which is quite commendable.

A: Yes, definitely But, we have also seen a steady growth in the literacy rate of the country, especially, during the period between 1991 and 2011.

B: Still, though we are growing, we are way behind Brazil today with 72.2% because they have a much higher literacy percentage of 92.6.

A: What measures can be adopted to increase the literacy rate of our country?

B: We can make people aware of the need and importance of education, help in teaching them, introducing various literacy campaigns by making use of free calls, free sms services, etc.

In the fig. (a) density of population is 7 persons per sq. km. The region is sparsely populated.

In the fig. (b), the density of population is 18 persons per sq. km. The region is densely populated.

The Amazon Basin in the nothern part and the central and western parts of Brazil have sparse distribution of population.

The distribution of population in Brazil is uneven:

• There is sparse population in the Amazon Basin due to hot and humid climate, heavy rainfall, dense forests, inaccessibility.
• The population is low in the swampy areas of Pantanal.
• Low population is found in the central and western part of Brazil due to lack of minerals, low rainfall, hot and dry climatic conditions.
• The distribution of population is moderate in Brazilian Highlands.
• High population is found in the coastal regions and the southern part of Brazil. This is due to flat fertile land and abundant availability of minerals due to which agriculture, industries and trade have developed.

(a) B; 1981; 1991.

(b) B; 1981; 1991.

(c) B; 1971; 1981.

Correct option: (d) less

Correct option: (d) most

The rate of growth of population of the world is 1.092% (this rate results in about 145 net additions to the worldwide population every minute or 2.4 every second {2011 estimates}) and for India is 1.344%.

Causes of overpopulation are :

1. Immigration – When people come from another country.

2. Increased birth rate – due to better medical facilities

3. Decreased death rate – due to better medical facilities.

4. Better medical facilities

5. Lack of family planning.

In the developed countries of the world, the population increased earlier due to :

1. Economic growth and prosperity as a result of industrialization.

2. Improved medical techniques and health care facilities.

3. Immigration because of better job opportunities and better living conditions.

The section of the population between 14 – 60 years of age is considered to be the working population. They are willing and eligible to work and considered an asset for a country as it means high availability of labour for the development of the nation.

(i) The table shows country wise retirement age reforms implemented or under consideration (in years).

(ii) Germany, United States of America, Australia and Japan are the developed countries and China and India are the developing countries.

(iii) Many countries have considered or considering the increase in retirement age because increase in ageing population increases pressure on pension funding, retirement provisions and medical facilities.

(iv) Due to increase in retirement age and life expectancy people can work for many years. This will reduce pressure on pension funding, retirement provisions and expenses on medical facilities.

(v) China is considering increasing the age of retirement later in 2045 because the proportion of children and young adult population is going to decrease in the age structure of the country.

(vi) From economic point of view, it is yes. India should increase retirement age because in India too expectancy of life in higher age groups is increasing. If we increase retirement age it will reduce pressure on pension fund and medical facilities.

But from the socio-economic point of view, it is not advisable to increase retirement age because the rate at which population in working age group is increasing, job opportunities are not increasing. If you increase retirement age, unemployment in working age population will increase. This will lead to many socio-economic problems.

(vii) A country in which large percentage of population is in working age group and the life, expectancy is high, large human force will be available for the economic development. However, if large percentage population is found in younger age group and elderly age group, dependency ratio will be high and the country will have slow economic development.

Correct option: (c) sparse

In developing countries of the world, rapid increase in population was due to :

1. Modern medical techniques which increased the lifespan of the people.

2. Ignorance of the masses.

3. Traditional beliefs, customs and outlook of people.

Correct option: (c) concentrated

Many factors are responsible for population growth such as:

• If birth rate is more than death rate then population increases.
• If girls get married at an early age then there is a possibility of population growth.
• If climate is positive for life then also there will be an increase in population.
• Universality of marriage is also responsible for population growth.

Killing of female foetus in the womb of mother is called female foeticide. It reduces sex ratio in the country.

The answer is (A) High birth rates

The answer is (C) The rate of which population increases 

The answer is (A) Kerala

The answer is (C) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding

Tanswer is (B) 324 persons sq. km

The answer is(A) 1000: 1058

The answer is  (B) 1000: 1001

The answer is (B) 1000 : 933

Correct option is (B) Population growth rate

1. The satellite image ‘A’ is image of the year 2005 and satellite image ‘B’ is of the year 2019. That means there is a difference of 14 years in these two images.

2. In image ‘A’ you can see that there are a few roads, limited settlements and most of the areas are covered by agricultural fields, and there is thin population.

3. When we compare the image ‘A’ with the image ‘B’, we find that in image ‘B’ the number of major roads (highway) and minor roads have increased. As a result, the area has become more accessible and thickly populated.

Due to development of industries and employment opportunities there is development of transport.

1. Total population of a city is 223000 and total deaths in the city are 2986 in that year. 

Death Rate = \(\cfrac{Total\,number\, of \, death\,sina\,year}{Total\, population\,in\, that\, year} \times 100\)

Death Rate = \(\cfrac{2896}{223000} \times 1000\) = 13.39

Therefore, the death rate is 13.39

2. In earlier example birth rate was 14.57 and the death rates calculated is 13.39. It means death rate have decreased by 1.8. It means the population has increased.

(i) No, Eskimos are not living in their conventional way due to the changing environment as a result of increased contacts with societies to the south.

(ii) Eskimo life has changed greatly because of increased contacts with societies to the south.

• They were using harpoons for hunting, now they are using rifles. They were using dogs for land transport, now they are using snowmobiles.
• Outboard motors, store-bought clothing and many other manufactured products have entered into their culture.
• Women are taking salaried jobs to earn currency for store-bought products. As a result, women are losing their knowledge of traditional skills such as sewing animal skin.
• Many Eskimos are not doing nomadic hunting which was their main activity. Now they are living in northern towns and cities and working in mines and oil fields.
• Some Eskimos in Canada have formed cooperative societies for marketing their handicrafts, fish catches, tourism ventures etc.

1. The graphs indicate the literacy rate of India and Brazil (in percentage).

2. On observing both the graphs, we can conclude that Brazil is and has always been way ahead of India with regard to literacy rate.

3. Brazil has a higher literacy rate.

4. Brazil had a literacy rate of 91.4% in 2011.

5. Literacy rate of Brazil and India had a difference of 20.4% (92.6 – 72.2) in 2016.

6. The difference in the literacy rate of India is 8.3% (69.3 – 61) between the years 2001 and 2011.

The most important and pathetic mistake of the Indian Planning according to Dr. Sen is the development of institution, on the basis of caste etc. In Delhi, he said, “several buildings do not have public toilets, which is important for every building. As compare to other such as China, Pakistan, Bangladesh have expanded education system and health care facilities. But this is a pathetic condition in India.

The following problems are being faced by our country for not paying full attention to the development of Human Resource:

• In the Development of the country, Human Resources play an important role. So, not paying full attention to the development of Human Resources is a big mistake. With this our economic failures arise. Because of not paying full attention on social justice issues, economic decisions taken in independent India, not beneficial for women, poor people and vulnerable people. So problem of Economic issues arise.
• Recruitment, Retention and Motivation.
• Work force security issues is also a great problem.
• Human resources are the ultimate resource of nature because they uses technology and skills and add value to natural resources and if they ignored, ultimately our country faced several economic, social and political issues.