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Correct answer is Bihar.

Persons living in a square kilometre is called density of population. How many persons live in a particular area, will be known only by looking at density of population. According to Census survey of 2011, population density in India was 382 persons per sq.km. There are many Indian states where density of population is quite high such as Bihar (1106), West Bengal (1028), Kerala (860), Uttar Pradesh (829), Punjab (551) etc. But there are few states in which there is quite less density of population such as Nagaland (119), Sikkim (86), Mizoram (52), Arunachal Pradesh (17) etc. Delhi’s density of population is 11297 which is highest among all the union Territories.

Uttar Pradesh.

11297 persons per sq.km.

The people of the country healthy, mentally as well as physically is the biggest natural source of a country.

Population Trends in India:

• Size of Population: Size of population refers to the total population in India during different periods.
• Population Growth Rate: The number and percentage increase in population is known as population growth rate. It depends on Birth rate and Death rate.
• Male and Female Population in India: The number of males and females of the total population is known as Gender distribution of population. It represents male-female ratio.
• Gender Ratio in India: The number of females in the country per 1000 males is identified as Sex ratio or Gender ratio or female-male ratio.
• Age-wise Population in India: It refers to the classification of population in different age groups. It helps in understanding aspects of working and non-working age groups.
• Rural and Urban Population in India: Number of people living in rural areas and the number of people living in urban areas constitutes the proportion of rural and urban population. It depends on various. factors like-extent of employment, education, health, social life, quality of life, economic returns, occupation, etc.

62.5 per cent of the population of India is working population. 29.5 % is in the age group of 0-14 years while 8 % is above 60 years of age.

A situation when the resources in an area are too less for the size of population. 

Correct option is (D) All of these

Correct option: (a) Europe and North America

Age composition, sex ratio, literacy rate, occupational structure, health etc (explain).

Age composition refers to the percentage of people in different age groups in a given population. It differs from country to country. It can be working population (people between 14-60 years of age) or dependent population (below 14 and above 60 years of age).

Correct option is (A) Population explosion

1. The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country. 

2. It is one of the most basic characteristics of a population. To an important degree, a person’s age influences what he needs, buys, does and his capacity to perform. 

3. Consequently, the number and % of a population found within the children, working age, and aged group are notable determinants of the population’s social and economic structure.

1. People belonging to age group of 16 to 59 age are considered as productive. Therefore this population is called productive population. 

2. People below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age are considered as dependent or non-working population. 

3. Productive population/people are involved in services or businesses. Therefore they play very important role in economic 

4. If country has more proportion of productive population and youth, it develops rapidly. Thus, productive population is an important group.

1. The country with high literacy rate, develops rapidly in economic, social and cultural aspects. 

2. The country with low literacy rate, faces many obstacles in its economic, social and cultural growth and development. 

3. Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom. Thus, literacy is directly related to development.

Impace of Under population Under population has several positive effects : 

1. There are sufficient employment opportunities for everyone. 

2. There are fewer instances of overcrowding. 

3. There are lower levels of poverty. 

4. There are adequate educational, medical and other facilities to meet everyone’s needs. 

5. There are sufficient natural resources to meet the requirements of the population. 

6. There is lesser pressure on the environment, and hence, lower rates of environmental degradation.

However, there are also some negative effects of under population : 

1. The lack of adequate labour leads to low productivity. 

2. In some instances, a higher proportion of the population is either too young or too old to work. 

3. There are lesser taxpayers, leading to low income for the government. 

4. There are not enough people to develop the natural resources of the country.

1. The study of age structure helps to know the percentage of children, adolescents, youth, middle aged, and old aged in population. 

2. The study of age structure helps to know the proportion of productive people (Working people between 16 years to 59 years of age) and unproductive people (Non working people below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age). 

3. The study of age structure helps government in planning various economic, social, educational, medical, etc. schemes for the overall development of country. 

4. The study of age structure helps to know the speed of economic growth. Thus, the study of age structure is important.

1.  To study population of any country people use population pyramid.

2. With the help of population pyramid, age wise and gender-wise population of the country can be studied.

3. Age structure and sex ratio are important aspects of population of the country.

4. In population pyramid, percentage of population in age groups are shown on the X axis. Whereas markings of age groups are shown on the Y-axis.

5. The right side of the pyramid shows female population and left side shows male population.

6. As the age groups are on Y-axis, the base of pyramid indicates young age population, and apex of pyramid indicates old age population and middle portion of pyramid indicated adult population.

7. When old age population is more, it leads to more non-working population and there is increased expenditure on medical and health facilities.

8. When younger age population is more, it also leads to more non-working and dependent population. This causes a burden on the economy.

9. When adult age population is more, then working population is more. This helps the development of the country.

10. The population pyramid makes us understand age-wise and sex-wise population as per following:

Broader the base, more young age population.

Narrower the base less young age population.

Broader the apex, more old age population.

Narrower the apex, less old age population.

Left and right side of pyramid shows male and female population in the country.

11. There are three types of population pyramids which depicts the birth rate and death rate.

• Expansive pyramid- It has abroad base and narrow apex. It shows high birth rate and high death rate.
• Constrictive pyramid- It has narrow base and broad apex. It shows low birth rate and low death rate.
• Stationary pyramid- Here all age groups have same percentage. It shows very low birth rate and very low death rate, that means slow growth of population in the country.

Rural Population 

1. It refers to people living in villages. 

2. The population density in rural areas is low. 

3. The people do primary activities like farming, fishing, mining etc. 

4. The educational and medical facilities are not very highly developed. 

5. Poor standards of transport and communication there. 

6. Village communities are usually closely-knit with strong emphasis on culture and traditions. 

Urban Population 

1. It refers to people living in towns and cities. 

2. The population density in urban areas is generally high. 

3. The people do secondary and tertiary activities like trade, transport, services, etc.

4. The educational and medical facilities are highly developed.

5. Better standards of transport and communication.

6. The socio-cultural ties between people in cities are not as strong as in villages.

These are the advantages of study of age structure of population :

1. By determining the 0-14 age group the govt, knows that there is need of expenditure on education, health and social services. So new schools, health centres and community centres are opened.

2. We know the number of eligible voters in the country which is vital for a democracy. There should be 58% voters per age group, but actually there are 60% of voters in the country.

The number of women per thousand men is sex ratio.

The various types of migration are as follows:

1. In-migration: In-migration is migration of people in a particular region from outside regions. 

2. Out-migration: Out-migration is migration of people from a particular region to outside regions. 

3. Short term mfgration: Short term migration is migration of people on a i temporary basis. For example, migration due to tourism or natural disaster or education is a short term migration. 

4. Long term migration: Long term migration is migration of people on a permanent basis. For example, migration due to transfer of service or marriage or war j and partition is a long term migration.

• Adolescents must get good and balanced diet.
• They must be given proper environment and proper education.
• They must be informed about physical changes.
• Parents and society must talk with them with great love and affection.
• Efforts must be made to save them from drug addiction.
• They must be provided with proper guidance for a good future.

The effects of migration are as follows: 

1. Out-migration leads to fall in population of a region from where people have migrated outside. This in turn leads to shortage of manpower in a region from where out-migration has occurred. 

2. In-migration leads to increase in population of a region in which people from outside regions have migrated. This in turn, puts a pressure on public amenities and infrastructure of a region in which people have migrated. 

3. Migration leads to redistribution of population. 

4. Migration also leads to a change in the structure of population in a particular region.

Age between 10-19 years is called adolescent age.

Population of an area never remains the same. Birth rate and death rate plays an important role in increasing or decreasing population. But migration also plays an important role in this. But question arises that what is Migration? Actually the meaning of migration is when people leave one place to another place to live over there. This mobility or movement can be temporary as well as permanent

1. India’s Position. There is no denying the fact that many Indians migrate to foreign countries. North Indians prefer to migrate to the countries such as U.S.A., Canada, England, Australia, Germany etc. South Indians prefer to migrate to Gulf Countries. Actually everyone wants to earn more money and that’s why they migrate to western countries. The value of currency of western countries is much higher as compared to Indian currency. Consequently, Indians get attracted towards these countries. Doctors, Engineers, I.T. Professionals always try to migrate to earn more money. That’s why many Indians migrate each year to different countries.

2. Punjab’s Position. Like other Indians, Punjabi’s also prefer to mirgrate. A number of males of Jalandhar Doab region have already migrated to western countries and then they took their families with them. Their favourite destinations are Australia, U.S.A. Canada and England. They get attracted towards Dollars and leave no earth and stone to migrate from India.

If Punjabis are migrating to other countries then many people are also coming to Punjab. These are .those migrated labourers who come from the states like U.P. Bihar etc. to earn more money. They either work in industries or in agricultural fields. In 2011, around 21,30,262 people came to Punjab which become 8.7% of the total population of Punjab.

Migration of people from a particular region to outside regions is known as out-migration.

Improvement in medical facilities, progress in the medical field and access to nutritious food lead to an increase in average life expectancy.

The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for impartingfree and compulsory education for school up to 14 yrs of age, reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases, promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people centered programme. 

(i) Yes, there is a relationship between increase in life expectancy and growth of population. 

(ii) Increased life expectancy means there are more people who live longer, which means healthier and better quality of life. 

(iii) This kind of population generally prefers fewer children which leads to decreased birth rates.

NPP 200 has put special emphasis on the adolescent population. Focus is given to special nutritional needs of the adolescents. Awareness programmes are conducted to increase awareness about STDs, unwanted pregnancies, child marriage, risks of unprotected sex, etc.

Control over epidemics:

• In the beginning of 20th century, India was struggling with life threatening diseases like, plague, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. So the death-rate was high.
• By the end of 20th century India achieved good economic development. As country’s economy improved it made astonishing progress in medical science and researched various vaccines for immunization. This resulted in control over diseases and decreased death-rate.

Low level of education:

• Education, especially female education and population growth has a close relationship.
• Inadequate education makes it difficult to understand the need for small families and as a result the family size tends to become large.
• Education in female and the number of children in a family have an inverse relationship all over the world.
• It has been found that compared to illiterate women, the woman who has had primary education gives birth to less number of children. This statement also holds true also while comparing women having primary education with women having middle school education.
• From these facts, it can be said that the birth-rate is high because of illiteracy and low education.

Concept of value education is primarily aimed to inculcate moral, environmental, educational, democratic and literary values in the individuals. It is for the improvement of individuals themselves as well as of society, nation and universe as a whole. 

Components of Value Education are: 

(i) Moral education, 

(ii) Environmental education, 

(iii) Population education, 

(iv) Human rights and duties, 

(v) Health education, 

(vi) Indian cultural education, 

(vii) Physical education, 

(viii) Yoga education and 

(ix) History of Indian freedom movement.

Mass education and awareness:

• In order to reduce birth-rate it is necessary to make people realise the importance of small families. Demographers believe that the best method of population control is to educate people in this regard.
• Awareness should be spread by telecasting various programmes through media. Lectures, .seminars, plays, mock and songs should be arranged in schools and colleges to educate people and create awareness on population control.
• In year 2000, government put a special emphasis on upliftment of women in its population policy. Such initiatives can help drastically to control population.

In India, poverty, lack of knowledge, social customs and religious beliefs combined with low level of education worked as obstacles to family planning.

The decisions taken regarding the size of family and maintaining gap between two children based on proper understanding i.e. a planned parenthood is called family planning.

Effectiveness of family planning programme:

Government increased its family planning services so that family planning programme and its public awareness can be made more effective.

• It is essential that contraceptives which play a major role in preventing birth¬rate are available to people easily and at cheap rates.
• In the population policy of 2000, changes were made in the programme related to family planning. It was decided to give more focus on preventing unwanted pregnancy by adopting suitable preventive methods rather than giving undue importance to sterilization.

Correct option is (C) China

Increasing the age of marriage and raising the status of women:

• One of the ways to reduce birth-rate is by increasing the legal age of marriage particularly for women.
• In the population policy of 2000, it was emphasized to increase the age of marriage for women from 18 to 20 years.
• The size of family can be controlled if the status of women is increased in the society and if equal opportunities are given to both men and women in the matters of education and employment.

the population growth rate in 2011 was 1.64%.

India stands second in the order in world population

The classification of population into various age groups is called age-wise population.

Cholera, plague, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, etc.

Correct option is (C) Kerala

In India, the population grew at a slower rate between the first two decades i.e. 1901 and 1921. In the first decade i.e. 1901-1911, it grew by 0.57% where as in the second decade i.e. 1911-21 it decreased by 0.03%.

Apart from the year 1921, population has grown continuously in all the decades. Not a single decade has seen reduction in population after 1921. Hence the year 1921 was considered as the ‘Year of great divide’.