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1.

Explain with an example how you would test a web application using the robot framework. What are the various .robot files that you would use in such a case?

Answer»

Let us consider a very simple application that has just a login PAGE in it, wherein submitting correct credentials leads to a successful welcome page and submitting incorrect credentials leads to an error page.

Let us assume that the site looks somewhat like this:

We will consider the following resource file for our TESTING:

  • resource.robot
*** Settings ***Documentation A resource file with reusable keywords and variables....... The system specific keywords created here form our own... domain specific language. They utilize keywords provided... by the imported SeleniumLibrary.Library SeleniumLibrary*** Variables ***${SERVER} localhost:3000${BROWSER} Chrome${DELAY} 0${VALID USER} user${VALID PASSWORD} password${LOGIN URL} http://${SERVER}/${WELCOME URL} http://${SERVER}/welcome.html${ERROR URL} http://${SERVER}/error.html*** Keywords ***Open Browser To Login Page Open Browser ${LOGIN URL} ${BROWSER} Maximize Browser Window Set Selenium Speed ${DELAY} Login Page Should Be OpenLogin Page Should Be Open Title Should Be Login Page Go To Login Page Go To ${LOGIN URL} Login Page Should Be Open Input Username [Arguments] ${username} Input Text username_field ${username} Input Password [Arguments] ${password} Input Text password_field ${password} Submit Credentials CLICK Button login_button Welcome Page Should Be Open Location Should Be ${WELCOME URL} Title Should Be Welcome Page

In this file, we specify the browser to be USED, the URL to be accessed and all the necessary information required.

Next, we declare a test suite named valid_login.robot which has a single test case in it. We input the correct credentials and check if the welcome page opens or not.

  • valid_login.robot
*** Settings ***Documentation A test suite with a single test for valid login....... This test has a workflow that is created using keywords in... the imported resource file.Resource resource.robot*** Test Cases ***Valid Login Open Browser To Login Page Input Username demo Input Password mode Submit Credentials Welcome Page Should Be Open [Teardown] Close Browser

Next, we declare a test suite named invalid_login.robot which has several test cases in it. We input incorrect credentials and check if the error page opens or not.

  • invalid_login.robot 
*** Settings ***Documentation A test suite containing tests related to invalid login....... These tests are data-driven by their nature. They use a single... keyword, specified with Test Template setting, that is called... with different arguments to cover different scenarios....... This suite also demonstrates using setups and teardowns in... different levels.Suite Setup Open Browser To Login PageSuite Teardown Close BrowserTest Setup Go To Login PageTest Template Login With Invalid Credentials Should FailResource resource.robot*** Test Cases *** USER NAME PASSWORDInvalid Username invalid ${VALID PASSWORD}Invalid Password ${VALID USER} invalidInvalid Username And Password invalid whateverEmpty Username ${EMPTY} ${VALID PASSWORD}Empty Password ${VALID USER} ${EMPTY}Empty Username And Password ${EMPTY} ${EMPTY}*** Keywords ***Login With Invalid Credentials Should Fail [Arguments] ${username} ${password} Input Username ${username} Input Password ${password} Submit Credentials Login Should Have FailedLogin Should Have Failed Location Should Be ${ERROR URL} Title Should Be Error PageConclusion:

If you are appearing for an interview for a role that requires expertise in the robot framework, you can expect general questions based on automated testing as well. Do not worry, we got you covered.

Useful Interview Resources:

  • AUTOMATION Testing
  • API Testing
  • Selenium WebDriver
  • Cucumber 
  • Automation Testing Tools
  • Python
Discussion
2.

Differentiate between Robot Framework and Cucumber.

Answer»
  • Robot Framework: Acceptance Testing, Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATTD), and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) are all supported by the Robot Platform open-source automation framework. It employs a keyword-driven testing technology METHOD, and testing libraries written in Python or Java can be used to expand its capabilities.
  • Cucumber: Cucumber is a behaviour-driven development (BDD) testing tool (BDD). It provides a method for writing tests that anyone, regardless of technical knowledge, can comprehend. Before developers write their programs, users (business analysts, product owners) SUBMIT scenarios or acceptance tests that describe the system's behaviour from the customer's perspective for assessment and approval by the product owners. The Ruby programming language is used in the Cucumber framework.

The following table lists the differences between Robot Framework and Cucumber:

Robot FrameworkCucumber 
It is based on the Python programming language.It is based on the Ruby programming language.
The robot is a Python acceptance/functional testing framework. The robot is a simple plain text-based automated test framework that may be readily extended with Python or Java frameworks. It can run on both the. net-based IronPython and the Java-based Jython.Cucumber is a behaviour-driven development automation tool. The specifications are written in plain English, MAKING them understandable to all parties involved. Cucumber Framework can also be used with languages other than Ruby, such as Java, JavaScript, and Scala.
The robot framework allows you to test code on a client, such as a web browser. The robot has a large library and can be readily coupled with Selenium to automate the testing of front-end components in the browser.Cucumber and Selenium can be used to test the front-end, such as the GUI; they work well together to test your front-end.
In Robot Framework, group fixtures can be made by integrating them with the unit tests.

Group Fixtures may be made in two steps using the cucumber extension Aruba:

  • Create a fixtures-directory. 
  • Create fixture files in this directory.
The Robot Framework has APACHE License 2.0.The Cucumber Framework has an MIT License.
The Robot Framework can be used to generate a test suite.
 		Cucumber allows you to arrange tests using TAG Cucumber feature files or individual tests. Then, during test execution, you may specify the tag (grouped) tests to execute using a Cucumber tagged expression.
Discussion
3.

Differentiate between Robot Framework and Selenium.

Answer»
  • Robot Framework: Robot Framework is an open-source automation framework with a wide range of applications. It can be used to automate test processes and robotic processes (RPA). Robot Framework is a flexible and open framework. To construct powerful and versatile automation solutions, Robot Framework may be connected with nearly any other tool. Robot Framework is free to USE and does not require a license.
  • Selenium: Selenium is a popular open-source Web automation testing framework. It was created in 2004 as an internal tool at Thought Works by Jason Huggins. Selenium is a browser automation tool that works with a variety of browsers, platforms, and computer languages. Selenium can run on a variety of platforms, including Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Macintosh. Furthermore, it supports mobile operating systems such as iOS, Windows Mobile, and Android. Selenium supports a wide range of programming languages through the use of language-specific drivers. Selenium supports the following languages: C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby. Selenium Web driver is currently the most popular with Java and C#. Selenium test scripts can be written in any of the supported programming languages and run in most recent browsers directly. Selenium supports Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari browsers.

The following table lists the differences between robot framework and selenium: 

Robot Framework Selenium 
Robot is a Python acceptance/functional testing framework. Robot is a simple plain text-based automated test framework that may be readily extended with Python or Java frameworks. It can run on both the. net-based IronPython and the Java-based Jython.Selenium is an open-source web application testing tool. Selenium is a robust testing tool that can transmit common Python commands to a variety of browsers, regardless of design differences. It also includes extensions to SIMULATE user interaction with browsers, as well as a distribution server for scaling browser allocation and infrastructure for W3C WebDriver implementations, which ALLOW you to develop interchangeable code for all major web browsers.
Robot has a large library and can be readily coupled with Selenium to automate the testing of front-end components in the browser.It's mostly a front-end COMPONENT and functionality testing tool for browsers.
In Robot, there is no built-in way to work with fixtures, but it can be integrated with unittest and used that way.By using PyTest to write your Selenium WebDriver tests, you gain access to Pytest's rich fixture model.
Robot Framework allows you to define a set of FIXED, particular data states for a collection of tests (group-fixtures) by combining it with unittest.When using Pytest's fixture model, one can group fixtures.
Test data generators are supported. Input data for tests is generated by data generators. The test is then performed for each piece of input data generated in this manner. The Robot Framework Faker library is a library created by Robot. It has 147 keywords that are used to generate random test data.Selenium can generate test data by making use of a library like Faker or Fake-factory.
Mocks are objects that mimic the actions of real-world items. Using mocks allows you to test a specific section of code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed). For mocking, Robot Framework can use Python's mock library.By default, Selenium has support for mocking.
Discussion
4.

What do you understand about Jenkins Freestyle Project?

Answer»

When it comes to robot framework interview questions, this is a basic question; yet, it is critical. Jenkins' PROJECT will become increasingly important as you progress up the CORPORATE ladder to the firm that recruited you. Jenkins' project is NOTHING more than a series of tasks that can be run repeatedly to OBTAIN similar outcomes, and these stages also include the activities that must be taken once the build is finished.

Freestyle refers to improvised or unrestricted performance. In Jenkins, a freestyle project is one that spans numerous operations. It could be a pipeline, a build, or a script run.

A freestyle project is a common build job or assignment, according to the Jenkins wiki. Running tests, CREATING or packaging an application, producing a report, or even running commands are all examples of this. Data is collected before any tests are done. Jenkins can also help with this. Jenkins collects data in a variety of ways, depending on what is being accomplished and the data's intended use.

For example, a real-world scenario would entail collecting application artifacts following builds. In terms of management, Jenkins enables us to send reports at any defined stage, which may include artifact information or application logs being sent to a log management entity like Elasticsearch.
Discussion
5.

What are the different test case styles in the context of the robot framework?

Answer»

There are various alternative APPROACHES to writing test cases. Test cases describing a workflow can be built using either a keyword-driven or a behaviour-driven approach. Using a data-driven approach, you may evaluate the same workflow with different input data.

  • Keyword-driven style: Workflow tests, like the Valid Login test, are made up of a number of keywords and their possible arguments. In the Valid Login EXAMPLE, the system is first put into the initial state (Open Login Page), then something is done to it (Input Name, Input Password, Submit Credentials), and lastly the system is confirmed to have performed as intended (Welcome Page Should Be Open).
  • Data-driven design: Another TECHNIQUE to writing test cases is the data-driven approach, which hides the real test workflow by using only one higher-level keyword, commonly created as a user keyword. When you need to test the same scenario with varied input and/or output data, these tests come in HANDY. Although it would be possible to utilise the same keyword in each test, the test template functionality allows you to define the keyword just once.
  • Behaviour-driven design: Test cases can also be written as requirements that non-technical project stakeholders must comprehend. The cornerstone of a technique known as Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD) or Specification by Example is a set of executable criteria.
    The Given-When-Then approach, popularized by Behavior Driven Development, is one technique to construct these requirements/tests (BDD). The initial state is commonly SPECIFIED with a keyword beginning with the word Given, the actions with a keyword beginning with When, and the expectations with a keyword beginning with Then when constructing test cases in this style. If a phase has multiple actions, a keyword beginning with And or But can be used.
Discussion
6.

What do you understand about test setup and teardown in the context of the robot framework?

Answer»

Many additional test automation FRAMEWORKS provide a similar test setup and teardown capability as Robot FRAMEWORK. In a nutshell, a test setup occurs prior to the execution of a test case, whereas a test teardown occurs after the execution of a test case. Setups and teardowns in the Robot Framework are essentially regular keywords with arguments.

The terms "setup" and "teardown" are always used interchangeably. It is feasible to develop higher-level user keywords for this purpose if they need to handle numerous INDEPENDENT jobs. Alternatively, you can use the BuiltIn keyword Run Keywords to execute SEVERAL keywords.

In two ways, the test teardown is unique. For example, it is executed even if a test case fails, so it can be used for cleanup tasks that must be completed regardless of the status of the test case. Furthermore, even if one of the keywords in the teardown fails, all of the others are executed.

The Test Setup and Test Teardown settings in the Setting section are the simplest way to specify a setup or teardown for test CASES in a test case file. Each test case may additionally have its own setup and teardown. They are defined in the test case section with the [Setup] or [Teardown] parameters, and they override any conceivable Test Setup and Test Teardown options. There is no setup or teardown if there is no keyword after a [Setup] or [Teardown] setting. The value NONE can also be used to indicate that a test has no setup or teardown.
Discussion
7.

Explain the high-level architecture of the robot framework.

Answer»

Robot Framework is a framework that is APPLICATION and technology agnostic. Its architecture is highly modular, as SHOWN in the diagram below:

The test data is PRESENTED in a simple, editable tabular format. Robot Framework processes data, conduct test cases, and generates logs and reports when it is started. The CORE framework has no knowledge of the target under test, and libraries manage all interactions with it. Libraries can leverage lower-level test TOOLS as drivers or directly employ application interfaces.
Discussion