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A SERVICE REFERS to SOMETHING OFFERED by a s/w COMPONENT.

A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.

A central system with CENTRALLY INSTALLED PRESENTATION software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application RUN on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.

A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.

The R/3 Basis software is highly SUITABLE for USE in multi-level client/server ARCHITECTURES.

The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.

An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing ONE or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized USING a JOINT instance profile. A CENTRAL R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses SEPARATE buffer areas.

An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.

The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The DISPATCHER then SENDS this REQUEST to an available background work process for PROCESSING.

The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.

JOB SCHEDULING.
Job PROCESSING.
Job OVERVIEW.

Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.

PRESENTATION LAYER.
APPLICATION Layer.
DATABASE Layer.

Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.

Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 BUFFERS used to store USER contexts (process requests). The SAP DISPATCHER assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds DATA from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that CHARACTERIZE the user.

Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.

A service is a process or group of PROCESSES that PERFORM a specific system FUNCTION and often provide an application-programming INTERFACE for other processes to call.

A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.

UPDATE WORK PROCESS.

Update work process.

Message SERVICE- Used by the application servers to exchange SHORT INTERNAL messages, all SYSTEM communications.
Gateway Service- Enables communication between R/3 and EXTERNAL applications using CPI-C protocol.

Message Service- Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service- Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.

Dialog or Online (PROCESSES only one request at a TIME).
BACKGROUND (Started at a specific time).
UPDATE (primary or secondary).
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during BACK ground processing for printing).

Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time).
Update (primary or secondary).
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).

A work process is where individual DIALOG steps are ACTUALLY PROCESSED and the work is done. Each work process HANDLES one TYPE of request.

A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.

Equal distribution of transaction load to the WORK PROCESSES.
Management of buffer areas in MAIN memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
ORGANIZATION of COMMUNICATION activities.

Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.

SAP dispatcher is the CONTROL AGENT that MANAGES the resources for the R/3 applications.

SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.

DATABASE INTERFACE.

Database Interface.

PRESENTATION INTERFACE.

Presentation Interface.

PRESENTATION INTERFACE.
DATABASE Interface.
OPERATING SYSTEM Interface.

Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.

The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the RUN time environment for the R/3 applications ENSURES optimal integration, defines a stable architectural FRAME for system enhancements, and contains the ADMINISTRATION tools for the entire system. One of the MAIN tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.

The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system. One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.

Steps to create a table:
STEP 1: creating DOMAINS (data type, field LENGTH, Range).
Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).
Step 3: creating tables (SE11).

Steps to create a table:
Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range).
Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).
Step 3: creating tables (SE11).

No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as WELL as in the DATABASE, exactly with the same data and FIELDS.

No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the same data and fields.

In PAI, DEFINE FUNCTION CODE and WRITE code for the same.

In PAI, define function code and write code for the same.

YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.
Here we are refering to a data OBJECT (SPFLI) not data ELEMENT.

YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.
Here we are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element.

GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these COULD be used by any other PROGRAM without creating it again).

GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).

Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric FIELDS in the work AREA to the contents of the numeric fields in the EXISTING entry.

Append – Duplicate ENTRIES occurs.

Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.

Append – Duplicate entries occurs.

OPEN SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the WORKING MEMORY and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.

Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all FUNCTIONS containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.

Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.

Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.

ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and CHECK their syntax. You can also NAVIGATE from the ABAP Editor to the other TOOLS in the ABAP Workbench.

ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench.

The events are as follows:

1. Initialization.
2.  At selection-screen.
3. Start-of-selection.
4. End-of-selection.
5. Top-of-page.
6. End-of-page.
7. At line-selection.
8. At user-command.
9. At PF.
10. Get.
11. At NEW.
12. At LAST.
13. AT END.
14. AT FIRST.

The events are as follows:

An INTERACTIVE report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.
Difference: -

1. The list produced by classical report doesn't ALLOW user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
2. Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control.
3. In classical report, drilling is not POSSIBLE where as in interactive, drilling is possible.

An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.
Difference: -

Its an Interactive REPORT where in the USER can GET more relevant data by SELECTING explicitly.

Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS.

DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS.

Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No Fields Description.
1 Program BDC Module POOL.
2 Dynpro BDC Screen Number.
3 Dynbegin BDC Screen Start.
4 Fname Field Name.
5 Fval BDC field value.

Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No Fields Description.
1 Program BDC Module pool.
2 Dynpro BDC Screen Number.
3 Dynbegin BDC Screen Start.
4 Fname Field Name.
5 Fval BDC field value.

DIFFERENT types of DATA dictionary objects:

1. Tables.
2.  VIEWS.
3. Data elements.
4. Structure.
5. Matchcode.
6. DOMAINS.
7. SEARCH Helps.
8. Local Objects.

Different types of data dictionary objects:

When the table is activated, a PHYSICAL table DEFINITION is CREATED in the database for the table definition STORED in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the PARTICULAR database.

When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.

It is SIMILAR to table INDEX that gives list of possible values for either PRIMARY keys or non-primary keys.

It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.

There are 5 elements of selection screen:

Selection-screen INCLUDE BLOCKS <B>.
Selection-screen include parameters <P>.
Selection-screen include select-options <S>.
Selection-screen include comment <C>.
Selection-screen include push-button <push>.

There are 5 elements of selection screen:

Selection-screen include blocks <B>.
Selection-screen include parameters <P>.
Selection-screen include select-options <S>.
Selection-screen include comment <C>.
Selection-screen include push-button <push>.

Main FUNCTION of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.
Min, Max values PROVIDED in selection screens.
It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data STRUCTURE. This is done using UNIQUE keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.

Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.
Min, Max values provided in selection screens.
It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.

In commercial, organizational and technical TERMS, the client is a self-contained unit in the R3 SYSTEM, with SEPARATE set of Master data and its own set of Tables. When a change is MADE in one client all other CLIENTS are affected in the system - this type of objects are called Client independent objects.

In commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a self-contained unit in the R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its own set of Tables. When a change is made in one client all other clients are affected in the system - this type of objects are called Client independent objects.

Yes, group of users can ACCESS these PROGRAMS with a CLIENT number.

Yes, group of users can access these programs with a client number.

1. It is a standard data TYPE OBJECT, which exists only during the runtime of the PROGRAM. They are USED to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to USERS need.
2. Using SY-DBCNT.
3. The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

PERFORMANCE of ABAP programs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set MUST be transferred through the network to the applications, so REDUCING the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic.

Some measures that can be taken are:
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of BETTER reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT CLAUSE) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) .
- Avoid nested SELECTS.

Performance of ABAP programs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic.

Some measures that can be taken are:
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) .
- Avoid nested SELECTS.

The sequential FILES (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are CALLED DATASETS. They are used for FILE handling in SAP.

The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

OPEN SQL has 2 SYSTEM fields with return codes:

1. SY-SUBRC.
2.  SY-DBCNT.
Using FUNCTION modules

Open SQL has 2 system fields with return codes:

CONVERSION- LEGACY system to flat FILE.
INTERFACE- Flat file to SAP system.

CONVERSION- Legacy system to flat file.
INTERFACE- Flat file to SAP system.

AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT USER-COMMAND.
AT PF.

AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT USER-COMMAND.
AT PF.

Advantages:
No PROGRAMMING KNOWLEDGE is REQUIRED.

DISADVANTAGES:
Depending on the complexity of the database TABLES, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly.

Advantages:
No programming knowledge is required.

Disadvantages:
Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly.

Functional Areas - By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This ENSURES that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way to accomplish the task, and that only the data that the user MAY use is presented.

User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry out SIMILAR tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once VISIBLE to all users. This ensures that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs.

ABAP Query- It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least ONE user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists.

Functional Areas - By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This ensures that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way to accomplish the task, and that only the data that the user may use is presented.

User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry out similar tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs.

ABAP Query- It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least one user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists.

No, it is not must to use LDB. APART from it, we have other OPTIONS:

1. Table join by Basis Table.
2. DIRECT Read of table.
3. Data Retrieval by PROGRAM.

No, it is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options:

We will look into the error log file (SM35). CHECK number of records ALREADY UPDATED and DELETE them from INPUT file and run BDC again.

We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again.

We LOOK into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session, we ANALYZE the session to determine which SCREEN and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has GENERATED the session or many times even the data FILE.

We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session, we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the data file.