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are⤵⤵Market Access Initiative Scheme(MAIS)SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARTS Scheme(STPS)Service EXPORTS Scheme(SES)

mon method used to measure POVERTY is BASED on the income or consumption level. A person is considered POOR if his or her income level falls below the GIVEN LINE.

capita income is the average income. It is income per HEAD of the population per year. (ii) Per Capita Income = Total income of country/Total population (iii) It is not an adequate indicator because: (a) It does not TELL us how this income is distributed. Per Capita Income might not be the income of every INDIVIDUAL in the STATE. (b) Life expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate are other important criteria for measuring development. (c) Education and literacy LEVEL are other indicators of development. (d) Pollution free environment, less corruption, gender equality etc. are also important.

that, to some degree, identify which forms of taxation impact the wealthy or the poor the most. Of course, this is all contingent upon how they are actually implemented (e.g., the effect of an income tax is dependent upon what the actual tax rates are.).Here are a selection of various kinds of taxation, although it is by no means exhaustive:Progressive taxation systems: Progressive taxation systems are those which take into consideration the ability to pay of those paying them. As a result, they impose the greatest burden upon the wealthy.A progressive income tax -- The progressive income tax imposes the greatest burden upon the wealthy, as they are the most able to pay.Regressive taxation systems: As a general rule, any tax which requires the poor to pay the same percentage or amount as a tax is regressive, because it fails to take into consideration the disparate abilities to pay based on income. Thus, regressive taxes may be relatively "equal" in that they impose the same percent or amount, but are not equal in that the poor are burdened more than the wealthy are.A flat (income) tax -- While a flat tax still results in a wealthy person paying a greater sum of money to the government in taxes than a poor person pays, it still imposes a significant burden upon the poor. To illustrate this, let us suppose there are two individuals, A and B. A has an income of $20,000/year; B has an income of $200,000. A is only able to save a couple hundred dollars per year -- the rest of her money she has to spend on SUBSISTENCE items, such as food, rent, healthcare, car maintenance and insurance, etc. By contrast, B is able to save $50,000, spend $50,000 on luxury items, and spend $100,000 on very high-quality subsistence items (e.g., a large home, organic food, etc.). If both have to pay a 10% income tax, A would have to pay $2,000 in tax; B would have to pay $20,000 in tax. Both pay 10% -- yet while B pays much less, that $2000 means significantly more to A than the $20,000 to B. In light of this tax, B can save "only" $30,000 of her income without impacting her spending at all; by contrast, A would have to make difficult choices about whether to purchase food, pay rent, etc.Sales/consumption taxes -- As you mentioned, consumption taxes tend to be very regressive. I won't go into this here, since I addressed this idea at length here: How can a consumption tax be made progressive in a sensible way?Social security, Medicare, Medicaid taxes -- These are withheld from the paychecks of all workers regardless of what their rate of pay or income is. All individuals are taxed at the same rate, as with a flat tax. The result is that, in the same way, these flat taxes impact the poor much more than the wealthy.Roadway TOLLS and bus/subway/metro fare -- These fares/tolls require a flat amount from each person who uses the service. Someone who makes $1m/year and someone who makes $20,000/year pay the same amount. This is significant because (1) these costs of commuting become very substantial over the course of a year (e.g., NYC subway fare is $2.25 each way -- that's over $1,000 each year), and (2) the poor disproportionately have to commute into urban centers, and therefore disproportionately USE these services.Systems with both progressive and regressive elements:Luxury taxes -- Taxes on luxury goods on the whole tend to apply primarily to the wealthy, as the wealthy are the most able to pay for such items. In this respect, they are "progressive." However, it is regressive in that when a poor person attempts to buy a luxury item, they would pay in taxes a greater proportion of their income in tax than a wealthy person would.The Capital Gains tax -- The capital gains tax actually incorporates within it a progressive rate system which is tied to non-capital gains income. However, this does not make its operation in REALITY "progressive." The capital gains tax is in fact not really a separate tax, but an exception to the "regular" income tax. Capital gains are taxed at a preferential rate compared to regular labor. The vast majority of capital gains taxes are paid by the wealthy -- but this should not be mistaken for a burden being imposed upon the wealthy. Rather, the capital gains tax allows those whose income is derived from investment (i.e., almost exclusively the wealthy) to pay a much lower income tax rate. This is why, for example, Mitt Romney had such a low tax rate. (See: Romney admits he pays lower tax rate than most Americans). In other words, capital gains functions as a particularly low tax bracket for the wealthiest Americans, meaning that others have to pay more to make up the difference.

and inequality after reforIndia embarked on big-bang economic reforms 25 years back in 1991. It is well-known that GDP growth has been much higher in the post-reform period. However, GDP is only one metric. Ultimately, the success of reforms depends on whether the well-being of people, particularly that of poor, increased over time. In this context, let’s examine the impact of economic reforms on poverty and inequality.There are two conclusions on trends in poverty. The first one, shown in a World Bank study by Gaurav DATT and others, is that poverty declined by 1.36 percentage points per annum after 1991, COMPARED to that of 0.44 percentage points per annum prior to 1991. Their study shows that among other things, URBAN growth is the most important contributor to the rapid reduction in poverty even though rural areas showed growth in the post-reform period.The second conclusion is that in the post-reform period, poverty declined faster in the 2000s than in the 1990s. The official estimates based on Tendulkar committee’s poverty lines shows that poverty declined only 0.74 percentage points per annum during 1993-94 to 2004-05. But poverty declined by 2.2 percentage points per annum during 2004-05 to 2011-12. Around 138 million people were lifted above the poverty LINE during this period. This indicates the success of reforms in reducing poverty. The poverty of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes also declined faster in the 2000s. The Rangarajan committee report also showed faster reduction in poverty during 2009-10 to 2011-12. Higher economic growth, agriculture growth, rural non-farm employment, increase in real wages for rural labourers, employment in construction and programmes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) contributed to higher poverty reduction in the 2000s compared to the 1990s.

ional RURAL health MISSION was LAUNCHED by government of india in 2013 subsuming the national rural health mission and national urban health mission .It was further extended In March 2018 to continue until March 2020

abharata is a best example of historical reason for POVERTY because she GIVE BIRTH fo more than HUNDRED children. it is also population explosion. because of population increase the jobs and there is a event to become poverty

no of status/UTsExplanation:DENSITY of population=382person/kmsqrliteracy rate=74.04/of TOTAL popltion

Y MATE ____HERE IS YOUR ANSWERFrom 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio CHAIRMAN, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet Minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission (resigned on 26 May 2014). The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017.[1] Prior to the Fourth Plan, the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which led to the ADOPTION of the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans.[2] The new government led by Narendra Modi, elected in 2014, has announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission, and its replacement by a think tank called the NITI Aayog (an acronym for National Institution for Transforming India).HOPE THIS HELPMARK ME AS BRAINLIEST PLEASE

: Extra INFORMATION - The country "Scotland" CONSIDERS the Unicorn as their national animal. Scotland is the country of the United Kingdom. The capital city of this country is Edinburgh. The unicorn is the National Animal of the country Scotland. This animal was declared as the National Animal of Scotland in the LATE 1300s. In western parts of the world, an animal unicorn was believed to be REAL for around 2000 years and it was adopted by king Robert in the late 1300s as the Scotland's national Animal. The unicorn was believed to be the strongest of all the animals . It represents the power of the Scottish kings as they were STRONG enough to tame even a unicorn. The current royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is supported by the National Animal of Scotland - unicorn, along with the National Animal of England - Lion.

tify such change we require the concept of elasticity of supply thatmeasures the extent of quantities supplied in response to a change in price. Elasticity of supply measures the degree of responsiveness of quantity supplied to a change in own price of the commodity. Responsiveness of producers to changes in the price of their goods or services. As a general rule, if PRICES rise so does the supply. Elasticity of supply is measured as the ratio of proportionate change in the quantity supplied to the proportionate change in price. ... Also called price elasticity of supply.A shift in price does not drastically impact CONSUMER demand or the overall supply of the good because it is not SOMETHING people are able or willing to go WITHOUT. EXAMPLES of inelastic goods would be water, gasoline, housing, and food. Elastic goods are usually viewed as luxury items . hope it's help you ▄︻̷̿┻̿═━一

s and soap CONDITIONER this are PRODUCED by MNCS other than Garnier PRODUCTS are commonly used which is produced by L'oreal which is also mnc

se brings impeachment charges against federal officials as PART of its oversight and investigatory responsibilities. Individual Members of the House can introduce impeachment resolutions like ORDINARY bills, or the House could INITIATE proceedings by passing a resolution authorizing an inquiry. The Committee on the Judiciary ordinarily has jurisdiction over impeachments, but special committees investigated charges before the Judiciary Committee was created in 1813. The committee then chooses whether to pursue articles of impeachment against the accused official and report them to the full House. If the articles are adopted (by simple majority vote), the House appoints Members by resolution to manage the ensuing Senate trial on its behalf. These MANAGERS act as prosecutors in the Senate and are USUALLY members of the Judiciary Committee. The number of managers has varied across impeachment trials but has traditionally been an odd number. The partisan composition of managers has also varied depending on the nature of the impeachment, but the managers, by definition, always support the House’s impeachment action.

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the POVERTY...................

eLow per capita real income. Low per capita real income is ONE of the most defining characteristics of DEVELOPING economies. ...HIGH population GROWTH rate/size. ...High rates of unemployment. ...DEPENDENCE on primary sector. ...Dependence on exports of primary commodities

and for a good is unitary elastic if a CHANGE in the PRICE of that good CAUSES an equal change in quantity demanded. In other words, the ELASTICITY COEFFICIENT is equal to 1.

"Which Taco BELL LOCATION has the best SERVICE" WOULD be most APPROPRIATE

ve year plan of the government of india(2012-17) was India's last five year plan with the DETERIORATING global SITUATION, the DEPUTY chairman of the planning COMMISSION Mr. montek singh Ahluwalia has said that achieving an average growth rate of 9 percent in the next five year is not possible.

in OBJECTIVE was to PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT to the UNEMPLOYED.

sed apon MANY FACTORS HEALTH,PACKING , employment, etc

means a SYSTEM PROVIDES means to PEOPLE to earn a LIVING.

s family BUDGET project project of Economics is a types of different LEVEL first of all the nature of the productivity and SECOND the ownership and third the capitalist because this types of the CONDITIONS in which that I can say that according to their the budget family the class 12TH is a good source to conductivity in the particular area

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Order>FREE Law Essays PRINT  REFERENCE THISThis ESSAY has been submitted by a law student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.Published: Fri, 02 Feb 2018Trade unions and collective bargainingIntroductionThe origins of unions’ existence can be traced back to the 18th century, when the rapid expansion of industrial society attracted women, children and immigrants to the work force in large numbers. The pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labor spontaneously organized themselves in fits and starts throughout its beginning, and would later become an important place for the development of trade unions. Trade unions were also endorsed by the Catholic Church towards the end of the 19th Century. Today, we live in a world where workers have assumed great importance. The employers have started to realize the importance of workers. The employees too have started to form Trade Unions to protect their INTERESTS. Bosses around the world have recognized that the best way to resolve issues is by way of dialogue.The employees have realized that to protect themselves from exploitation, unity is very important. This is one of the reasons why trade unions have become so important today.What is a Trade Union?A trade union is an organization or a group that workers join so that they can have their interests and goals well represented.Why Trade Unions?There is no definite answer to this question, mainly because each worker has his/hers own reasons for joining the trade unions. Studies have revealed that workers don’t unionize just to get better pay or good working conditions, though these are important factors. For example, a recent study revealed that average wage for union workers were 781$ while that for non-union workers was 612$. They also get more holidays, sick leaves, unpaid leaves, insurance plan benefits and various other benefits that non – union workers do not get. Studies suggest two factors- employer unfairness and the union’s clout as the main reasons why workers join unions.The bottom line is that the urge to join trade unions often boils to the belief that workers have. They believe that it is only through unity that they can protect themselves from the management. In practice, LOW morale, fear of job loss and arbitrary management actions help foster unionization. For example, a survey of NURSES revealed that trade unions are formed when employees fell disrespected, underpaid, unsafe and undervalued.

ATE HERE'S YOUR ANSWER>>A production POSSIBILITY FRONTIER (PPF) / production possibility curve (PPC) shows the maximum possible OUTPUT combinations of two goods or services an economy can achieve when all resources are fully and efficiently employed.Government's Make in INDIA campaign aims at transforming the country into a global manufacturing hub and has already made a "tremendous" impact on the investment climate as evidenced by the growth in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).So, when investments increases by make in india campaign, it will make PPC SHIFT rightward as production will increase. It represents economic growth.Economic growth is an increase in what an economy can produce if it is using all its scarce resources. An increase in an economy's productive potential can be shown by an outward shift in the economy's production possibility frontier (PPF).HOPE IT HELPS PLZ MRK AS BRAINLIST

maximization MEANS...to in the PROFIT we gain...and WEALTH maximization means to increse our propertyeg: HOUSE, land, etc

ion MANAGEMENT means planning, organising, directing and controlling of production activities. Production management deals with CONVERTING raw materials into finished goods or products. ... Production management also deals with decision-making REGARDING the quality, quantity, cost, etc., of production.

role of INFORMATION COMMUNICATION technology in India Economics is a very difficult because all economic SUGGEST that the economic SYSTEM is completely not change with the help of the Seasons and with the help of the corruptions I can set the communication of technology of India is economics very POOR

ce a company's break-even POINT you COULD reduce the amount of FIXED costs. ... You can also reduce the break-even point by increasing the CONTRIBUTION margin per UNIT. The contribution margin will increase if there is a reduction in variable costs and expenses per unit.

ce a COMPANY's break-even point you could reduce the amount of fixed costs. ... You can also reduce the break-even point by increasing the contribution MARGIN per UNIT. The contribution margin will INCREASE if there is a reduction in variable costs and expenses per unit.

ferent CRITERIA for measurement of economic development are as follows:country should provide educational and health services to the people.per capita income can be used to MEASURE the development of the country.the more the POPULATION, the more would be the development.hope this helps...

States. UNEMPLOYMENT is the leading cause of poverty within the US. ... Among the families below thepoverty line that had at least one FAMILY member working, LOW wages and insufficient BENEFITS were ALSO leading causes.

ements build the framework of food security are : availability, access, use and utilization, and stability. To help the poor, and provide food security to them,two SPECIAL SCHEMES were LAUNCHED in 2000. They were, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and the Annapurna Scheme (APS) with special TARGET groups of ‘poorest of the poor’ and ‘indigent senior citizens’, respectively.

arketing Developments in India! 1. HUL SPENDS Rs. 50-60 crore every year for rural marketing and promotions. The rural company started “Operation Bharat” to tap the rural markets. Under this operation it passed out low-priced sample packets of its tooth PASTE, fairness cream, shampoo and cold cream to 20 million household.HUL’s “Project Shakti”, a unique distribution channel in which women and housewives are encouraged to participate as channel member for distribution of its products in the villages of M.P and Rajasthan. 2. ITC with e-Chaupal concept has already made SUCCESSFUL roads in rural India specially in U.P. and M.P. This system has successfully though rural shopping mall Chaupal Sagar. e-Chaupals offer all the information, products and services they need to enhance farm productivity, improve farm-gate price realisation and cut TRANSACTION costs. Farmers can access latest local and global information on weather, scientific FARMING practices, and market prices at the village itself through the web portal-all in Hindi. It also facilitates supply of high quality farm inputs as well as purchase of commodities at their door step. 3. BPCL introduced Rural Marketing Vehicle (RMV) as their strategy for rural marketing. It moves from village to village and fills cylinders on the spot for rural customers. BPCL considered low-income of rural population and therefore introduced a smaller size cylinder to reduce both the initial deposit cost as well as the resuming refill cost.

advertising can be classified into – BANNERS & HOARDINGS Flags Wraps EVENTS and sponsorship Automobiles

ynard KEYNES is the FATHER of MODER MACRO economicsHope this HELPS mateThank you

n Card is a document issued in India by the STATE Government as per the Public Distribution System for the purchase of essential commodities from Ration shops or fair price shops. Antyodaya Ration Card: This type of Ration Card is issued to the poorest families having no stable income. Old age men, women, unemployed people, and laborers come under this category. Antyodaya ration cards are issued to such families who have the income of LESS than Rs. 250/- per capita per month. Under the expanded Antyodaya Anna Yojna, exclusive AAY cards are also issued to SENIOR Citizens who have no regular means of subsistence or societal support, widows, and families headed by widows, terminally ILL and physically handicapped even if they are not in possession of any APL or BPL card.BPL Ration Card: This type of Ration Card is issued to the families that live below the poverty line. In India, you will be on BPL list if your annual income is Rs.27,000 or less (It was earlier Rs. 10,000 but revised in 2011 to Rs. 27000). APL Ration Card: APL Ration Card is issued by the State Government to the people who live above the defined Poverty line. Anyone can apply for this Ration Card and there is no annual income limit under this category.