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"Here are some important dates and events of the nationalist movement in Indo-China.

• In the year 1802, Nguyen Anh became emperor: SYMBOLIZING the unification of the COUNTRY under the Nguyen dynasty

• In the year 1858, French TROOPS landed in Vietnam

• In the year 1867, Cochinchina (the South) became a French Colony.

• In the year 1873, Francis Gamier was commissioned by the French to try and establish a French colony in Tonkin.

• In the year 1887, Creation of the Indo-China Union: including Cochinchina, Anaam, Tonkin, CAMBODIA and later LAOS.

"

In 1857 an extensive piece of the Indian armed force opposed the British specialists; the resulting CARNAGE  

EFFECTS:

the new regal LEGISLATURE of India that supplanted that of the East India Company  

Indian CULTURE changed significantly more quickly in the second 50% of the nineteenth century than it had done in the first.  

Colleges, universities and schools multiplied in the towns and urban COMMUNITIES, a large portion of them opened by Indian activity.  

Inside the imperatives of a frontier arrange, a cutting edge India was developing before the finish of the nineteenth century.

Conquests of Aurangzeb in the East  

The earliest conquests of Aurangzeb were in the eastern parts of the empire. During the time when Aurangzeb was still FIGHTING with his brothers, the Ghinud rulers of Cooch Behar and Assamhad taken advantage of the troubled CONDITIONS and invaded certain IMPERIAL dominions. In 1660, on Aurangzeb's ORDERS, Mir Jumla marched to DHAKA and occupied Cooch Behar within a matter of weeks.

Temples were central to society and economy of that particular region as they performed a large NUMBER of functions. To cater the need of temples and pilgrims, people of DIFFERENT professions CAME there. They were pilgrims, WEAVERS, dancers, and many more. This led to growth of town. Such towns are called temple towns.

Kanchipuram, Somnath, Mathura, MADURAI were some famous temple towns.

The conflict was started in Vietnam against the French COLONIZERS due to the following reasons:

The French in order to civilize the natives, introduced modern education and dismantled the traditional education system in Vietnam. They followed the policy of discrimination against the Vietnamese students, of deliberately failing students. The education system glorified French rule.

V ietnam's religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism. French introduced Christianity against their interest which resulted in the Hoa Hao Movement in 1939.

The F r ench text books glorified french rule and ridiculed Vietnamese culture.

French tried to create modern Vietnam with modern architecture and engineering skills to BUILD a modern city in Hanoi but the NATIVE quarter was not provided with modern facilities.

In the first decade of the 20th century, a go east movement became popular. in 1907-1908 some 300 students went to japan to acquire modern education. for MANY of them the primary objective was to drive out the french from Vietnam, overthrow the PUPPET emperor and re-establish the nguyen dynasty that had been deposed by the French.

1. Naam Japna (FOCUS of God),

2. Kirat KARNI (honest LIVING) and

3. Vand Chakna (sharing with OTHERS).

Chandragupta Maurya is one of the most remarkable emperors of the ancient India. Chandragupta was just a street lad playing on the roads. On the first sight, Chanakya decided that he would become a great warrior and empire builder and therefore picked him up from the streets to be reared into the knowledge of warfare, statecraft and economics. The achievements of Chandragupta under the auspices and guidance of Chanakya are noteworthy.

Before the arrival of Chandragupta on the Indian political scene, India was divided into several small kingdoms. The largest of them was the Nanda Empire spread on the Indo-Gangetic planes. Towards the end of his regime, Chandragupta had conquered all the small states on the subcontinent and had consolidated a huge empire spreading over the lengths and breadths of the nation. Chandragupta ruled for about 24 years from 322 BC to 298 BC and renounced the kingdom placing his SON Bindusara on the throne and later on embracing ascetic life as a Jain monk.

The only regions that were not conquered by Chandragupta included the three TAMIL Kingdoms of Chera, Chola and Pandiya and the Kalinga (present day Odisha). His empire was considered the largest in the Indian History as it extended from Bengal in the East to Baluchistan and Afghanistan in the west; from Kashmir in the north to the Deccan plateau in the south.

In addition to his achievements as an empire builder, Chanakya is also praised for his economic and political reforms that were precedented and set a decisive path for other kinds of new experiments to follow. Chandragupta established a very strong central administration pattern. His empire FEATURED a highly efficient and well organized bureaucratic structure. The civil service of his times was the largest ever known in India before and after him.

The unified nature of his empire assured a steady growth of economy. Agriculture flourished and trade both internal as well as external was prosperous. Chandragupta Maurya made significant contributions to art and ARCHITECTURE by building some remarkable buildings. He too was greatly INSPIRED by the architectural elements of the Achaemenid Empire and the Hellenistic world.

Chandragupta's reign was characterized by a series of religious reforms in India. There was also several social reforms unfolding. The two religions that were born in India namely Jainism and Buddhism found their golden period during his reign. In fact, he was strongly influenced by Jainism and became an ascetic towards the end of his life.

Some references in the Greek and Latin records address him as Sandrokottos and Androcottus. He gained so much popularity in the Hellenistic world by conquering Alexander the Great's easternmost satrapies. He also defeated one of Alexander's successors named Seleucus I Nicator in battle. Later, he married the daughter of Seleucus as a measure of establishing friendship with the Hellenistic Kingdoms.

After placing his son Bindusara on the throne of the Maurya Empire, Chandragupta joined the Jain Sangha and lived the life of an ascetic. He spent his last days fasting in the holy place called Shravanabelagola. Through his awesome achievements, he shines as one of the heroes of ancient India.

The APRIL Theses were a series of ten directives issued by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin upon his RETURN to Petrograd from his exile in Switzerland via GERMANY and Finland. The Theses were MOSTLY aimed at FELLOW Bolsheviks in Russia and returning to Russia from exile.

India's attempt at controlling population growth differs from CHINA because India has a lower penalty for having too many children they are not be allowed to in the CITIES where as in China you may only have ONE unless the PARENT is only child

The MAIN AIM was to SUPPRESS the NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS

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The history of Nationalism in Britain was different from the rest of Europe due to the FOLLOWING reasons:

a. Long Process- The growth of nationalism in Britain was a result of a long struggle and was not a sudden sporadic upheaval or revolution unlike rest of the Europe. It was a bloodless revolution by virtue of acts.

b. English National symbols- Prior to 18 century, there was no British nation as such rather there were primary ethnic identities like English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. All these ethnic groups had own cultural-political traditions.The symbols of the new Britain – the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), the English language – were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners in this union.

c. Role of PARLIAMENT- Unlike other European countries like Germany, Netherlands, Italy were wars, battles had to be waged, in Britain Parliament played a key role in seizing power from the monarchy and in setting up a nation state. For example,

1688: English Parliament seized power from the monarchy

1707: England and Scotland ENTER into the Act of Union

1801: Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United KINGDOM

d. Suppression of DISTINCTIVE cultures- As English nation grew in power and influence it tried to suppress Scotland's distinctive culture and also forced them to speak English language in place of Gaelic language and they were not even allowed to wear their national dress. Ireland also experienced a similar fate whereby it was forcibly incorporated with United Kingdom in 1801.

Frazfaraz LEGS dvdgsnx aghsjsvdbdjdnd

The GREAT BATH of Mohenjo-daro is CALLED the "earliest PUBLIC water tank of the ancient world". It measures 11.88 × 7.01 METRES, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 metres.

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AJIT GILL hijacked a Indian Navy plane in 1964 ..
He took out Hawker Sea Hawk fighter JET just for a round on 12th AUGUST ,1964 and intended to return it safely ...

However, when he returned he realised he didn't know how to operate the aircraft's AIR brakes and flaps....

Following the outbreak of the rebellion on 10 May 1857, the Meerut sipahis as a body marched to Delhi, where they arrived early next morning. They put an end to the company’s ADMINISTRATION in the city, and assumed control of Shahjahanabad and its immediate outskirts. Bahadur Shah Zafar, who at that time occupied the Mughal throne, was declared the emperor of the whole of India with the title Shahenshah-i-Hind. This was a reflection of the popular perception that the Mughal emperor was the legitimate sovereign of India.
 
It would be incorrect to assume that the Company’s soldiers were politically naive. Their revolutionary decision to march to Delhi transformed the character of the mutiny—their aim was to OVERTHROW the East India Company’s government. The rebel sipahis of the Meerut garrison clearly understood that the colonial state could be successfully overthrown only by establishing an alternative source of authority with wide acceptability. They attempted to create their own state with the Mughal emperor as its nominal head.
 
It is not easy to speculate as to what the shape of that state would have been had the Revolt been successful. However, the evolution of the sipahi government at Delhi did contain seeds of democracy. Real power was firmly in the hands of the soldiers. The Court of Administration ESTABLISHED by them (organized essentially on democratic PRINCIPLES) was the main organ of the new state, but Bahadur Shah was formally the head of the state. He had the right to be present at all sessions of the Court, but the elected members of the Court took the actual decisions. The emperor’s approval would then be sought, and his SEAL would be put on documents recording these decisions. It needs to be emphasized that through this arrangement the rebel regime gained widespread support and was able to undermine the legitimacy of the Company over a vast area in northern, central, eastern, western and even southern India. After all, the sipahis were aware that the Company too had reluctantly recognized the de jure authority of the Mughals and had strictly adhered to the rituals of the Mughal darbar.

Taxation was a significant problem in late 18th century France. According to conventional wisdom, the Ancien Régime’staxation regime was excessive, inefficient and unfair. It was excessive because France had become one of the highest-taxing states in Europe, largely because of its warmongering, its growing bureaucracy and high spending. It was inefficient because many taxes were COLLECTED by a network of private contractors dubbed ‘tax farmers’, a system that encouraged graft, corruption and tax avoidance. It was unfair because the BULK of the nation’s direct taxation was levied on the THIRD Estate. France’s common people, who could least afford to pay, believed they were shouldering most of the nation’s tax burden while the privileged First and Second Estates paid little or nothing, despite their comparatively greater wealth. Unsurprisingly, grievances about the Ancien Régime’s imbalanced taxation regime became a significant cause of the FRENCH Revolution.
 In the public mind, taxation with no regard for equality, efficiency or accountability was just as intolerable as being grossly overtaxed.

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The FIRST AFRICANS were introduced into colonial SOCIETY as

Indentured Servants.

False:-India won its FIRST GOLD MEDAL in 1928 in hockey.

Buddhism was different from JAINISM and Buddhism was from BUDDHA and Jainism for Lord MAHAVIRA and Buddha was of PEACE Jainism was for the follower of Mahavira

The Sultan of DELHI who is reputed to have built the biggest network of canals in India was

a. IItutmish.

b. GHIYASUDDIN Tughlaq.

c. Feroze shah Tughlaq.

d. SIKANDAR Lodi.

PLEASE MARK MY ANSWER AS A BRAINLIEST ANSWER.

The Industrial DISPUTES Act, 1947came into EXISTENCE in April 1947. It was enacted to make PROVISIONS for prevention and settlement of industrial disputes and for PROVIDING certain SAFEGUARDS to the workers.

When ashoka BECOME the KING , kalinga was not part of mauryan empire. He decided to conquer kalinga. He invaded kalinga and CONQUERED it. But both the armies suffered HEAVY losses. According to ashoka,100000 people are killed and 150000people are PRISONER

An Act to MAKE further provision for the GOVERNMENT of India. The Government of India Act, 1935 was originally passed in August 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5 c. 42), and is said to be the longest Act (BRITISH) of Parliament everenacted by that time, surpassed only by the Greater London Authority Act1999 64 years later.

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➡️Here is a SHORT Note about administation system of mughal India :-

The mughal empire was divided into "Subas" which were further subdivided into "Sarkar","Pargana", and "Gram". There were 15 Subas (provinces) durng Akbar's reigns, which LATER increased to 20 under the Auranzeb's reign. The Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. The term "MANSAB" indicates the rank of the HOLDER. Mansabdari was both civil and military. During Mughal administration there were 3 methods of revenue collection i.e. Kankut, Rai And Zabti.

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6 ASSASSINATION attempts on Gandhi were CARRIED out. He passed away in the 6TH attempt- by NATHURAM Godse.

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Some PASTORALISTS in the Himalayas are agro-pastoralists and besides rearing animals they also cultivate land, although the major portion of their household INCOME is drawn from pastoral activities. In ADDITION, they also ENGAGE in a multitude of other economic activities like handicrafts, trade and transport.

You live in a village that has vast community land. Your local panchayat decides to plant trees in the common land. The plants grow into into nice patch of woods adjoining your village. It is village forest.

I live on a tract of land that is legally notified as forest. There are a few households like ours. Our forefathers settled here at the behest of forest OFFICERS many generations back. They were given small patch of land for habitation and agriculture. In return, they used to render FREE labour during forestry operations. In independent country such arrangement no longer exists; but we have nowhere else to go.In 1974-1975, about 22 percent of India's total geographical area was covered by forests. This forest region, interspersed all over the country, consists of EVERGREEN forests, deciduous forests, dry forests, alpine forests, riparian forests and tidal forests. Some of these forests are conspicuous for their dense growth. Besides the commercially valuable sal, teak, ironwood, sandalwood and shisam, these forests are rich in the growth of climbers (epiphyte) and various kinds of MINOR forest produce. While the forest-based industries have relief on the commercially valuable wood, the forest dwellers, a MAJORITY of whom are Scheduled Tribes, have depended on the minor forest produce for their subsistence. I hear Government will give us right over the land where we live under some Forest Rights Act. Our village inside the forest is a forest village.

The KING of JAMNAGAR is MAHARAJA JAM SAHEB Digvijaysinhji Jadeja

The SECOND agreement, the Treaty of ALLIANCE, made the fledgling United States and France allies against Great Britain in the Revolutionary WAR. The French decided to back the U.S. in its military efforts until the U.S. had full independence from Great Britain.

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Viswamitra FATHER NAME was GAADHI.

TARIFFS will be REDUCED or REMOVED.

Following achievements are as follows :-

1. It offers power SHARING with the comman people of that area and ALSO decentralisez the power of centeral and state gov.

2. It give reservation to weaker seaction of society like SC,ST and women also.

3.It give women 1/3 seats.

4.The local or the PANCHAYAT can make thier own budget for development in villge as well.

5. It also MAKES your country unite and interdependent.

The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to the print revolution . This revolution transformed the lives of people , changing their RELATIONSHIP to information and knowledge , and with institutions and authorities . It created AWARENESS among people and OPENED up new ways of looking at things .

impacts of print revolution are: -

- The reading habit of the public increased , as books were now less costly . This was because the time and labour required to produce a BOOK came down , and multiple copies could be produced with greater ease.

- Books flooded the market , and were easily available for the public .

- Before printed books flooded the markets the common people used to gather in Public places and books were read out to them. They heard sacred TEXTS read out, ballads recited , and folk tales narrated .

- This listening culture turned to reading culture when books became cheaper .

In the medieval India when society was developing bud their existed discrimination between MEN and WOMEN, women had to follow the instruction of HEAD of family who was a men.

Women in the medieval India

-> Women worked shoulder to shoulder with men in the agricultural work. women used sow seeds, weed and helped in harvesting.

-> Women is the producer of the next GENERATION who would take care of the farming in future.

-> Women's biased based on the biological functions, menstruating women was not allowed to enter farm in Bengal.

-> Women looked after household activities along with the participation in the farm.

-> Women also did artisan work like spinning yarn, preparing clay for pottery and embroidery.

-> Women also participated in trading, she often went to market to sell their farm output.

Women's role in modern India

-> Women Position in the rural India has not changed with time they will assist in farm work later look after household activities.

-> Women are discriminated in the modern India they are alleged molested when they go out to work as maid for zamindars hosehold.

-> Women in modern india get to know about the agro technology through the training from the government and try to implement them in their farm.

The discrimination TOWARDS women showed to eradicated, equal status to women should be given. Women's should be involved in the decision making and they should be educated about the technologies in the farming so that Agro-industry will progress.

The main objective of Mughals relations with the Ottoman Empire was to remain 3 of FREE movement for pilgrims and MERCHANTS in the TERRITORIES under control of ottomans Empire this was a true ESPECIALLY for the heaters that is the area of Ottoman Arabia where Mecca and Medina important pilgrim centres was located Mughal Emperors GENERALLY combined commerce and religion be used to export valuable things to add an and Mocha both the post of Red Sea the event used to distribute the income from the sale of these goods in Charity and keepers of sinus but when Aurangzeb came to know about the MS appropriation of funds sent to Arabia than that rest on the distribution to India because he believed that it was as much a house of God as Mecca

Galileo used observation and experimentation to INTERROGATE and challenge received wisdom and TRADITIONAL ideas. For him it wasn’t ENOUGH that people in authority had been saying that something was true for centuries, he wanted to test these ideas and compare them to the EVIDENCE. At the TIME this was quite a shocking idea, and was one of the reasons that he got into trouble. He discovered...