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Young Italy was a POLITICAL MOVEMENT for Italian YOUTH founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its GOAL was to create a UNITED Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.

The commercialization of agriculture MEANS that the agricultural crops and goods are PRODUCED by the PEASANTS for sale in the MARKET and not for their own consumption. Commercialization of agriculture in India began during theBritish rule.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the AMRITSAR massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when TROOPS of the British Indian Army under the command of COLONEL REGINALD Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Indians, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. The Rowlatt Act, 1919 had been implemented and it was not informed to the civilians. The civilians had assembled for a festival known as Baisakhi.

Bhagwanpur is a Town/Tehsil/Taluka in HARIDWAR district in the state of UTTARAKHAND, India. It is 57 km far from DEHRADUN which is the capital of Uttarakhand. It is Commercial centre of Ghad Chhetra. It was founded by Bhagwana in the OLD age Zamindara. It is also one of the Industrial Area Of Uttarakhand.

Your ANSWER is ----1526

FOLLOWING were the factors that lead to the French revolution

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International Strife

The causes of the French Revolution are similar to the events that caused other revolutions in 18th century Europe. At that time, international turmoil plagued many European nations. Governments' financial problems coincided with a surge in population growth that stemmed from higher standards of living and education. This phenomenon emerged around 1730. Between 1715 and 1800, the population size of Europe nearly doubled. This growth affected France more than any other country, as it had over 26 million residents by 1789. The larger, more educated population demanded more basic necessities, primarily food and consumer goods. The population growth put a tremendous strain on the country's natural resources and ultimately led to the agrarian crisis of 1788-1798, which resulted in a food shortage and the population's growing discontent.

Class Disparity

With its larger and wiser population, the French government faced tremendous pressure to satisfy its citizens' needs. At the time, social CLASSES were divided into the commoners, the bourgeoisie and the noble or aristocratic class, which also included clergymen. Marking a drastic change from the past, commoners found prosperity and new POWER as they acquired land and assumed professional jobs as bankers, tradesmen, merchants and manufacturers. This group earned the title of the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie expressed strong DISSATISFACTION for the French government, especially its tax reforms, which put the burden on them to pay more. While the commoners accepted tax reform without opposition, the bourgeoisie took issue with the fact that the French government excused its noble and clerical citizens from taxes.

Higher Education

Education also played a role in the French Revolution. The Revolution coincided with the rise of several great 18th century philosophers, whose strong ideas on empowerment of the people sparked discussion among French citizens over the need for social change. France's educated classes formed "societies of thought" that met in masonic lodges, reading rooms and agricultural societies to discuss ways to improve their societies based on social, economic and political grounds.

Poor Leadership

Lastly, weak leadership contributed to the rise of the French Revolution. France's leader at the time was Louis XVI, who was by nature shy and indecisive. His inability to make decisions led to him to dodge France's pressing problems, which only made them worse. Louis XVI's hesitancy to take out loans, for instance, led to his country nearly going bankrupt before the Revolution. In response to the impending bankruptcy, Louis XVI was forced to impose heavy taxes that enraged the population and led to its revolt.

During the eighteen the Century France was the CENTRE of autocratic monarchy. The French Monarchs had unlimited power and they declared themselves as the “Representative of GOD”.
Louis XIV was the exponent of this view. The French Monarchs ENGAGED themselves in luxurious and EXTRAVAGANCE at the royal court of Versailles. They enjoyed unlimited power. By the Letter de Catchet, they arrested any person at any time and imprisoned them. They PAID no attention towards their subjects.

Blond blue eyed NORDIC German ARYANS were at the TOP while Jews were located at the lowest rung.

Hitler's idea was based on thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer.

Later Spencer ADDED to the survival of the fittest according to this the jews had to be perished

According to Nazi IDEOLOGY there was no equality between people,but only a racial hierarchy.

blond, blue eyed NORDIC German Aryans were at the TOP, while Jews were located at the lowest rung

The came to be regarded as an anti raise the arch Enemies of the Aryans.

Hitler's racism borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin & Herbert Spencer.

Herbert Spencer later added the idea of survival of the fittest. according to this idea, only those SPECIES survived on the earth that could adapt themselves to changing climatic conditions.

The strongest race WOULD survive and the weak ones would Perish

The HIGHEST BUILDING is

Burj KHALIFA which is in DUBAI.

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Provincial ELECTIONS were held in BRITISH India in the winter of 1936-37 as MANDATED by the GOVERNMENT of India Act 1935.

SOUTHEAST AFRICA from what I FOUND in GOOGLE

On July 24, 1991, Government of INDIA announced its new industrial policy with an AIM to correct the distortion and weakness of the Industrial Structure of the COUNTRY that had developed in 4 decades; raise industrial efficiency to the INTERNATIONAL level; and accelerate industrial growth.

हड़प्पा की खोज किसने तथा कब
किया था? - दयाराम
साहनी ने, 1921 ई. में

The bomb that America DROPPED  on HIROSHIMA was the ENOLA GAY dropped by B-29 BOMBER plane.

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The sources of information about the HARAPPAN Civilization are MAINLY archeological,while the vedic CULTURE is mostly from the LITERARY sources .

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The "Oil Pollution ACT of 1990" took PLACE is U.S to avoid oil spills from containers and facilities by REMOVING spilled oil and cleanup and repair the damage done.

Answer:

Explanation:

When the officials of the East India Company acquired control over Bengal in 1765, they had little intention of making any innovations in its administration. They only desired to carry on their profitable trade and collect taxes for remission to England.

The East India Company was at this time a commercial body designed to trade with the East. Moreover, its higher authority was situated in England, many thousands of kilometers away from India. Yet, it had come to wield political power over millions of people. This anomalous state of affairs posed many problems for the British government.

The first of these problems was the most pressing as well as the most important. It was also closely interwoven with party and parliamentary rivalries in Britain, the political ambitions of English statesmen, and the commercial greed of English merchants.

Merchants kept out of the East by the monopoly of the Company, the growing class of manufacturers and, in general, the rising forces of free enterprise in Britain wanted to share in the profitable Indian trade and the riches of India which the Company and its servants alone were enjoying.

These officials were given the derisive title of ‘nabobs’ and were ridiculed in the press and on the stage. They were boycotted by the aristocracy and were condemned as the exploiters and oppressors of the Indian people. Their two main targets were Clive and Warren Hastings. By condemning the ‘nabobs’, the opponents of the Company hoped to make the Company unpopular and then to displace it.

Thus, reorganization of the relations between the British state and the Company’s authorities became necessary and the occasion arose when the Company had to ask the government for a loan of £1,000,000. But, while the Company’s enemies were many and powerful, it was not without powerful friends in the Parliament; moreover, the king, George III, was its patron. The Company, therefore, fought back.

In the end, the Parliament worked out a compromise by which the INTERESTS of the Company and of the VARIOUS influential sections of British society were delicately balanced. It was decided that the British government would control the basic policies of the Company’s Indian administration so that British rule in India was carried on in the interests of the British upper classes as a whole.

At the same time the Company would retain its monopoly of Eastern trade and the valuable right of appointing its officials in India. The details of Indian administration were also left to the directors of the Company.

The first important parliamentary act regarding the Company’s affairs was the Regulating Act of 1773. This Act made changes in the constitution of the Court of Directors of the Company and subjected their actions to the supervision of the British Government. The Regulating Act soon BROKE down in practice. It had not given the British government effective and decisive control over the Company.

The Act had also failed to resolve the conflict between the Company and its opponents in England who were daily growing stronger and more vocal. Moreover, the Company remained extremely vulnerable to the attacks of its enemies as the administration of its Indian possessions continued to be corrupt, oppressive, and economically disastrous.

The defects of the Regulating Act and the exigencies of British politics necessitated the passing in 1784 of another important act known as the Pitt’s India Act. This Act gave the British government supreme control over the company’s affairs and its administration in India. It established six commissioners for the affairs of India, popularly known as the Board of Control, including two Cabinet Ministers.

The Board of Control was to guide and control the work of the Court of Directors and the Government of India. The Act placed the Government of India in the hands of the Governor-General and a Council of three, so that if the Governor-General could get the support of even ONE member, he could have his way.

The Company, having saved its monopoly of the Indian and Chinese trade, was satisfied. Its directors retained the profitable right of appointing and dismissing its British officials in India. Moreover, the Government of India was to be carried out through their agency.

The chief aim of the British was to enable them to exploit India economically to the maximum ADVANTAGE of various British interests, ranging from the Company to the Lancashire manufacturers.

In 1793, Lord Cornwallis, the Governor-General, defined two primary objectives for the Bengal government. It must ‘ensure its political safety and it must render the possession of the country as advantageous as possible to the East India Company and the British nation’.

3 ways are-

1. They purchased RAW MATERIALS at cheap costs.

2.they ADDED value to the raw materials, like transforming raw cotton into CLOTHES.

3.They sold the clothes at higher cost back to India.

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Similarities and Differences of the French and Russian Revolution.

Similarities

There was massive loss of life, especially in the ruling class.  King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette both were beheaded by guillotine and Tsar Nicholas II and the entire Romanov family were shot to death.  Many lesser nobles and pro-GOVERNMENT generals were killed in purges during the French Revolution and Russian Revolution.

Starvation and the cold winter that had taken its toll on the people, causing a bread riot on both Revolutions. In the French Revolution, the women marched to Versailles and chased after Marie Antoinette, fixed upon killing her. They then forced the royal family into the Tuilleries Palace in Paris so they could KEEP a good eye on them. In the Russian Revolution, the women were calmer and simply paraded down the streets on International Women's Day, simply wanting some bread to contain there hunger.

The middle-class, which had hardly existed in Russia until socialism was introduced, was also a major factor in both Revolutions. In the French Revolution, the middle-class, commonly know as the bourgeoisie was practically ignored by Louis XVI, made plans and ORGANIZED, and then striking at the monarch and setting up their own government. As for Tsar Nicholas, he refused to acknowledge the middle-class, whom were called the Dumas, making them disgusted with the way he rules.  Hating the Tsar, the Dumas set up the Provisional Government in March 1917 which "established equality before law; freedom of religion, speech, and assembly; the right of unions to organize and strike; and the rest of the classic liberal program."

In both Revolutions,  the indisposed royal families were executed. Tsar Nicholas had abdicated peacefully enough, only wanting the best for his people and his own family. At the end of the Revolution, Tsar Nicholas and his family were arrested first by General Kornilov of the Provisional Government and imprisoned at one of their many palaces in the countryside. Later, the royal family was transferred to a small home in Siberia. When Lenin came in POWER, the royal family were escorted to the Impatiev House, “House of Special Purpose.” By July 17th 1918, the royal family were crowded in a basement room and then eleven executioners entered and shot each of the members of the family: Tsar Nicholas, Alexandra, Marie, Alexei, Tatiana, Olga, and Anastasia. However, Louis the 16th  family weren't killed as harshly, with only Louis the16th and Marie Antoinette dying, through the guillotine.

Differences

A difference between the two revolutions is that the Russians had an unsuccessful "pre-revolution" in 1905.

The French decided  towards a democracy while the Russian government became communist . Both the French and Russian revolutions had similar causes but ended up with different results. Both of these countries had different internal factors which cause the results. The Russians had Lenin and the French had the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Unlike  the French Revolution, SOLDIERS were ordered to shoot at the people in the "parade." They disobeyed and instead shot their officers and joined the "parade." Furthermore, the French wanted to abolish their previous totalitarian regime so that they would all have the opportunity to live and get rich in a capitalist democratic 'free' state, while the Russians wanted to abolish their previous totalitarian regime so that they would all have the necessities of life and live equally without the need to acquire material wealth as happiness.

Unlike Louis the 16th family, the Romanovs were not a threat to Russia. Once, Louis and his family tried to escape the clutches of the mob of Paris, but were caught when they had nearly reached Austria. The Romanov family, on the other hand, wanted no trouble.

The French government’s bankruptcy ignited because of King Louis the 16th  careless spending while the Russians went bankruptcy due to the money used to pay for World War I expenses.

On Aug. 9, 1942, British OFFICIALS IMPRISONED MOHANDAS GANDHI.

Baron Sydney was a title that was created thrice in British HISTORY. The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1603 when Robert Sydney was made Baron Sydney, of Penshurst. He was later created Earl of Leicester. For more information on this creation, see this title. The second creation came in 1768 when Dudley Cosby, Minister Plenipotentiary to Denmark between 1763 and 1765, was made Baron Sydney, of Stradbally in the Queen's County, in the Peerage of Ireland. He was the grandson and namesake of Dudley Cosby, who represented the Queen's County in the Irish House of Commons, and the great-nephew of William Cosby. This creation became extinct on LORD Sydney's death in 1774. The third creation came in 1783 when THOMAS Townshend was created Baron Sydney, of Chiselhurst in the County of Kent. He was later created Viscount Sydneyand his grandson was made Earl Sydney in 1874. For more information on this creation, see the latter title.

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Quitubiddin Aibak ruled INDIA
25 June 1206 – 1210/1211
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November Criminal was NAME given to the German politicians who signed the PEACE TREATY of versailles as this treaty imposed heavy loans in GERMANY at the END of World War 1st.

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A NEW Conservatism after 1815 The Conservatism that REIGNED in EUROPE after 1815 found SUPPORT in the MONARCHY, Aristocracy, and the Church.

Rise of at least two new social classes; workers and industrialists which led to a complete redrawing of the political map (e.g. rise of new - e.g. socialist - movements)

nobility was losing its influence

previously small cities and even entire regions rose into PROMINENCE because they became industrial centers

greater EFFICIENCY of farming lead to massive decrease of people who worked on the fields as farmers

people who weren't needed anymore on the fields moved en masse to the cities where new factories rose

others

Foreign politics

the states that lived through the industrial REVOLUTION earlier had a massive head START compared to others (e.g. England), those who didn't fell to nothingness (e.g. China)

some regions became more prominent which lead to greater competition between nations for those regions

the hungry industrial sector demanded new resources which was one of the reasons for rapid colonization of many parts of the world (AFRICA is a good example)

Hitler felt that by teaching the Nazi ideology to children, a strong Nazi society could be established. All schools were ‘cleansed’ and ‘purified’ to propagate the Nazi ideals. The teachers who were Jews or seen as ‘politically unreliable’ were dismissed. German and Jew children were segregated and the ‘undesirable children’; Jews, physically handicapped and Gypsies; were thrown out of school. FINALLY in the 1940s, they were taken to the gas
chambers.

School textbooks were re-written so that the ‘Good German’ children could be brainwashed through a prolonged period of ideological training. Racial science was introduced in the curriculum to justify the Nazi ideas of race.

Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, hate Jews and worship Hitler. The sport of Boxing was promoted to instill mental strength among students.

Youth organisations were given the responsibility of educating the German youth in the SPIRIT of National Socialism. TEN year olds had to enter Jungvolk. At 14 years of age, all boys had to join the Nazi youth organization; Hitler Youth. After a long and rigorous training in the Nazi ideology, they had to join the Labour Service; usually at the age of 18. After that, they had to serve in the armed forces and enter ONE of the Nazi organizations

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The large Gond tribe was divided into many SMALLER clans.Each clan had its own raja or rai.The administrative system of these kingdoms was centralised.The kingdom was divided into garhs.Each garh was CONTROLLED by a particular Gond clan.This was further divided into units of 84 VILLAGES called chaurasi.The chaurasi was subdivided into barhotswhich were made up of 12 villages each.

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Killing of people on large scale on the basis of racial, RELIGIOUS or national discrimination. LAST year I GOT familiar with this term when I studied About Nazism .... Hitler practiced it in order to establish an Aryan race (PURE race)

Make Germany stronger again,

The War reparations will stop immediately,

Repudiate Treaty of Versailles,

End corruption in the country,

Gambling will be banned in Germany,

Each youth will be PROVIDED job, food, CLOTHING and shelter.

Surprisingly just within 3 years of ASSUMING power he had fulfilled most of his promises and before start of WW-2, 100% German Citizen were employed - not a single German citizen was jobless - GREAT !

B.His work on gravity

He's the ONE who supposedly "discovered" gravity, when ACTUALLY INDIANS knew about it LONGER

Geographical and Racial are TWO global reasons are very closely related.

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In the early 1920s, the Nazi party had established a YOUTH movement led by Kurt Gruber, with the aim of ATTRACTING young men who COULD be trained to become members of the SA (Stormtroopers). On 4th July 1926 the group was renamed the Hitler Youth, LEAGUE of German Worker Youth and became attached to and run by the SA.

Most popular struggles for democracy had their specific thing they wanted to GET. In order to get their desires, the struggle began where most people formed rebel groups.

These popular struggles include the following;

1. Movement for democracy in Nepal

The movement for democracy in Nepal had an agenda of restoration of democracy in Nepal. People FOUGHT in order to gain control of the government  from the king.

2. BOLIVIA's water war against privatization of water

This resulted where the World Bank FORCED the government to let go control of the municipality water.

Actually TODDY makers are people who make alcoholic TYPE of beverages using COCONUT palms
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NAPOLEON Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a military and political genius of historic proportions. As EMPEROR (self-proclaimed in 1804), he ESTABLISHED a strong CENTRAL administration and code of law, consolidating and institutionalizing many of the reforms of the French REVOLUTION