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tory of the HIV and AIDS EPIDEMIC began in illness, fear and death as the WORLD faced a new and unknown virus. However, scientific advances, such as the development of antiretroviral drugs, have enabled people with access to treatment to live long and healthy lives with HIV.It is widely believed that HIV originated in Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo around 1920 when HIV crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. Up until the 1980s, we do not know how many people were infected with HIV or developed AIDS. HIV was unknown and transmission was not accompanied by noticeable SIGNS or symptoms.While sporadic cases of AIDS were documented prior to 1970, available data suggests that the current epidemic started in the mid- to late 1970s. By 1980, HIV may have already spread to five continents (North America, South America, Europe, Africa and AUSTRALIA). In this period, between 100,000 and 300,000 people could have already been infected.

AR! HON'BLE PM NARENDRA MODI ALONG WITH THE GOVT ON 22 JAN 2015 STARTED THE BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO YOJANAHOPE THIS HELPS YA!GOOD DAY MATE[email protected]

- ______________________________Option b. MAHARAJA Ranjit singhMaharaja Ranjit singh survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye.______________________________Extra info: Smallpox is a disease.In the age of 5 the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was SUFFERING from the disease known as smallpox, Maharaja Ranjit Singh went to help the people but was himself infected.He did not die but lost his left eye's vision______________________________Maharaja Ranjit Singh carved out and independent Kingdom of Sikhs and established his capital at Lahore in 1799 CE.______________________________the MUGHAL school not destroy the military strength of the six completely but the Sikh territories with split under DIFFERENT leaders.______________________________These territories were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.______________________________therefore the answer is OPTION bMaharaja Ranjit Singh______________________________

of Stalingrad left behind one of the BLOODIEST pages of history.It was a battle that changed the destiny of countries that were involved in the fight.The loss of an entire German army will remain a gap that will NEVER be filled by any subsequent action of the Wehrmacht. Stalingrad was a white inferno, in which victory belonged to the one who was able to adapt their strategies to circumstances on the ground.There was fighting over not just every street, but every HOUSE, every entrance and every FLAT.

EAR!!!YOUR ANSWER GOES HERE _________________________________The Egyptian rulers ordered thepyramids to be built because they FEARED their remains would be DISTURBED by GRAVE robbers. They CHOSE a SITE on the west side of theNile River because they believed that the home of the dead was toward the setting sun.HOPE IT HELPS UH!

nciples of Satyagraha followed by Mahatma GANDHI are given as follows:1. Non-violence- better KNOWN as Ahimsa i.e. ADOPTING peaceful means to achieve any political or SOCIAL change2.Truth- including honesty and the power to LIVE a truthful life3. No stealing4. Chastity( meaning brahmacharya)- surrendering all sensual desires to follow the path of truth.

opeans were ATTRACTED due to the resources of landand MINERALS of Africa. (ii) They came to Africa to establish plantations andexploit mines. (iii) African countries were militarily WEAK and backward.So, it was easy to conquer them.

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or contribution of jacobins club are:-1.they were the convention a newly formed group all the man have RIGHT to VOTE of 21 years2.they ABOLISHED the monarchy and DECLARED republic

.The United States presidential election of 1896 was the 28th quadrennial presidential election, held on TUESDAY, November 3, 1896. Former GOVERNOR WILLIAM McKinley, theRepublican CANDIDATE, defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan.

❤❤❤here is ur ANSWER...Option Bhope it HELPS...plz MARK me as brainliest my DEAR !!!❤❤❤

an act of nonviolent CIVIL disobedience in colonial India to produce salt from SEAWATER, as it had been practised by the Indian PEOPLE.  And so, Mahatma Gandhi declared resistance to British salt POLICIES to be the unifying theme for the civil disobedience movement and thus started Dandi March.

!!!✔here is ua answer:The empire was the largest to have ever EXISTED in the Indian subcontinent, spanning over 5 million square KILOMETRES (1.9 million square miles) at its zenith under Ashoka. Chandragupta MAURYA RAISED an army, with the assistance of Chanakya (also known as Kauṭilya), and overthrew the Nanda Empire in C. 322 BCE.hope it helps...!!!!❤

!!!!✔The ANSWER is HOPE.hope it HELPS...!!!!❤

!!!✔here is ua answer:________________________________________________________________________❤Mesolithic period is the time in the history that can be best related to the emergence of stone age and MIDDLE ages. The period is also termed as the middle stone age. It is the time period that existed between OLD and new stone age.During this stage the mankind had seen a subsequent improvement in the culture as people had learnt the art of polishing the stone made tools.It was also during this time that most human societies had learnt to get ADAPTED to their EXISTING ecology. They had access to intensified resources of food (maritime food).This was also the period during which the racial diversification was on its peak that had ACTUALLY started over 20,000 years back.hope it helps...!!!

!!here is ua ANSWER:It is in the history books written by academics in universities and it is in the events and exhibitions of art galleries, libraries, heritage consultancies and HISTORICAL associations. But history is also part of the way, as individuals and as groups, we make sense of who we are and where we come from. It is in the games our kids play and the ways we tell stories.But Public History is also a practice. It is a way of doing history for (and with) public AUDIENCES. This kind of public history is sometimes informed by the history done inside universities, but its aim is to engage with the broader community, through preserving our culture, providing services, and facilitating access to INFORMATION. This can be done in a variety of ways, from exhibitions and heritage plans to walking tours and podcasts. Public historians may work in heritage conservation, commissioned history, MUSEUMS, the media, education, radio, film, interactive multimedia and other areas as well as in universities. hope it helps..!!!!

ain INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN.

UR ANSWER IS HERE ===========MARK AS BRAINLIST===========REVOLUTIONARY socialism is the socialistdoctrine that social REVOLUTION is necessary in order to bring about structural changes to society. More SPECIFICALLY, it is the view that revolution is a necessary PRECONDITION for a transition from capitalism to socialism. Revolution is not necessarily defined as a violent insurrection; it is defined as seizure of political power by MASS movements of the working class so that the state is directly controlled or abolished by the working class as opposed to the capitalist class and its interests.[1] Revolutionary socialists believe such a state of affairs is a precondition for establishing socialism and orthodox Marxistsbelieve that it is inevitable but not predetermined.

फुको ह्यांना ज्ञानाचे पुरातत्व म्हटले जाते हे सत्य आहे आणि असे म्हणणे सर्व परीने योग्य हि आहे. मायकेल फुको ह्यांच्या लेखन पद्धतीने आधुनिक  विज्ञानाच्या क्षेत्रात आणि इतिहास लेखनात अनेक क्रांतिकारी बदल घडून आले. ते विसाव्या शतकातील महान वैचारिक, दार्शनिक आणि लेखक होते. त्यांनी राज्य शासनात एक स्थिरता,  बळकटपणा आणि संतुलन कशे आणता येईल ह्याचे सखोल चित्रण आपल्या लेखणीच्या माध्यमातून मांडले. त्यांचे ज्ञान आणि दर्शन उच्चकोटीचे होते. काही दार्शनिकानी त्यांचा विचारांचा विरोध दर्शविला असला तरी एक राज्याचा संरचनेत आणि  त्याला सुरक्षित ठेवण्यास फुको ह्यांचे विचार क्रांतिकारी आहेत. म्हणून त्यांना ज्ञानाचे पुरातत्व म्हटले जाते.

ear friend,The Ministry of Development of North EASTERN Region is a Government of India ministry, established in September 2001, which FUNCTIONS as the nodal Department of the Central Government to deal with matters related to the socio-economic development of the eight States of NORTHEAST India, ARUNACHAL Pradesh, ASSAM, Manipur ...~Thank you

ian National ARMY was an armed Forces formed by Indian nationalist in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World FAR ll. It's aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule. It formed an alliance with Imperial JAPAN in the letters CAMPAIGN in the southeast Asian theater of WWll.

m Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) refers to various pieces of legislation enforced in Indiaduring British rule; the first enacted in 1871 as the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 applied mostly in North India. The Act was EXTENDED to Bengal Presidency and other areas in 1876, and, finally, with the Criminal Tribes Act, 1911, it was extended to Madras Presidency as WELL. The Act went through SEVERAL amendments in the next decade and, finally, the Criminal Tribes Act, 1924 incorporated all of them . I HOPE this help you .

a is also worn by MANY ethnic Punjabis and other non-Punjabi INDIAN families across the states in the North, North-West and West of India (such as Gujarat, RAJASTHAN, and even Maharashtra) by Hindus, Muslims, and CHRISTIANS; moreover, the use of thekara by non-Sikhs is encouraged as it represents the "totality ...

hi or Purani Dilli was founded as a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639, when Shah Jahan, the Mughal EMPEROR at the time, decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra.[1] The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857,[1][2][3]when the British Raj took over a paramount power in India. It was once filled with MANSIONS of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and DILAPIDATED, it still serves as the SYMBOLIC heart of metropolitan Delhi.

sian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth CENTURY. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the BOLSHEVIKS, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of csarist rule. The Bolsheviks would LATER become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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homa.Hope this HELPS,.If helps, PLEASE MARK it as BRAINLIEST ^_^

liament of RUSSIA is known as the DUMA. It was established by Tsar Nicholas II, the then emperor of Russia, in his October manifesto of 1905. It was an elected consultative PARLIAMENT. The Tsar dissolved the first Duma only in 75 days and the next Duma was re-chosen within three months. The third Duma was prepared with CONSERVATIVE leaders Liberals and revolutionaries were held out of the Duma.

lianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Indians, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. The Rowlatt Act, 1919 had been implemented, but the civilians were not informed. The civilians had assembled for a festival known as Baisakhi. Baisakhi marks the Sikh new year and commemorates the formation of Khalsa panth of warriors under Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. It is additionally a spring harvest festival for the Sikhs. It is also stated that it marks peaceful protest to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. Raja Ram has argued, however, that the Proclamation was ineffective, the crowd formed in deliberate defiance and the event signals a beginning of Indian nationalism.Jalianwala Bagh partyNarrow passage to Jallianwala Bagh Garden through which the shooting was conducted.Show map of PunjabShow map of IndiaShow allLocation of Amritsar in IndiaLocationAmritsar, Indian EmpireCoordinates31.64286°N 74.85808°EDate13 April 1919; 99 years ago 17:37 (IST)TargetCrowd of nonviolent protesters, along with Baisakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, AmritsarAttack typeMassacreWeaponsLee-Enfield riflesDeaths1,600+ Non-fatal injuries~ 1,100PerpetratorsBritish Indian ArmyNo. of participants50The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (2.8 ha), walled on all SIDES, with five entrances.On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and he banned all meetings; however this notice was not widely disseminated. That was the day of Baisakhi, the main Sikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the Bagh. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with Sikh, Gurkha, Baluchi, Rajput troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles they entered the garden, blocking the main entrance after them, took up position on a raised bank, and on Dyer's orders fired on the crowd for about ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. Dyer stated that approximately 1,650 rounds had been fired, a number apparently derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops. Official British Indian sources gave a figure of 379 identified dead,with approximately 1,100 wounded.[citation NEEDED]This figure was given by Dyer himself in the letter he wrote to the British PARLIAMENT. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 INJURED, with approximately 1,000 dead. This "brutality stunned the entire nation",resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of the UK.The ineffective inquiry and the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords FUELLED widespread anger, later leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.Dyer was initially lauded by conservative forces in the empire, but in July 1920 he was censured and forced to retire by the House of Commons. He became a celebrated hero in the UK among most of the people connected to the British Raj, for example, the House of Lords,but unpopular in the House of Commons, which voted against Dyer as a Colonel. He was disciplined by being removed from his appointment, was passed over for promotion and was prohibited from further employment in India.Upon his death, Rudyard Kipling declared that Dyer 'did his duty as he saw it'. . This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore (first Asian Nobel laureate) to such extent that he stated whilst refusing his knighthood that "such mass murderers aren't worthy of giving any title to anyone". The massacre some historians have argued caused a re-evaluation of the army's role, in which the new policy became minimum force; however, later British actions during the Mau Mau insurgencies have led Huw Bennett to question this school of thought.The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control.Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India.

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rtment of the INTERIOR................

ot independence after end of Second World War after having stock of food grains exhausted. Therefore MAKING available adequate food was the main problem. The other main challenges wereViolence at newly created border. People were moving from India to the newly born Pakistan and Pakistan to India. However, this movement was extremely painful and it gave rise to violence at many places.Unrest within India despite all princely PROVINCE were unite due to mindset of the people from different princely provinces speaking different languages, different egos etc that did not mixed together quickly. This unrest was more in some southern parts of India as well as in J&K.Though the government got formed but there were FRICTION between the various leaders of Indian Nationak Congress resulting in political unrest.Challenges for preparation of Constitution for the COUNTRY like India and deciding the modalities for sharing of power between states and center.Modalities for investment in Public sector undertaking being backbone of economic development of India.Attracting investment in private sector for employment creation at micro level by motivation.Development of infrastructure within the country.Integration of balance princely states into the Indian Union.Rehabilitation of influx refugees due to MIGRATION from newly born Pakistan.To control separatist movements in Punjab, Kashmir and the North-East.Removal of poverty and illiteracy,To tackle corruption from the grass-root level to the highest echelons of the government.To device and implement an Education system that create spirit of innovation, entrepreneurship, scholarship and service

✨⏩Chitrav Siddheshvarshastri EDITED Bharatvarshiya Charitrakosh.⏪☺HOPE IT HELPS☺✌THANKS✌

tma Gandhi thought that BRITISH COULD establish it's rule only with co-operation of Indians.2. It would collapse if Indians refused to co-operate.3.Gandhiji proposed that it should start in stages- SURRENDER of TITLES by the government. boycott of civil services,ARMY,police,courts .Then a full civil disobedience would be launched.

n destroyed democracy in France but he INCORPORATED Revolutionary principle by introducing the Civil CODE of 1804 which CAME to be known as the napoleonic code. The code removed all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and SECURED the right to property, simplified, administrative divisions and abolished the FEUDAL system and freed peasents from serfdom and manorial dues. Guild system was removed and transport and communication system improved.There was establishment of Universal laws, standardized weights and measures and combinational currency which benefited each and every section of the society.Hope !!...This is helpful....!!!