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akes, floods and landslides, ETC. are natural environmental HAZARDS of disastrous consequences. In recent years these hazards took toll of thousands of lives and caused MASSIVE destruction of property. These have adversely AFFECTED the vital SECTORS of our development as agriculture, communication, irrigation, power projects and rural and urban settlements.

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education is a catch-all TERM of a complex set of ISSUES and debates surrounding education (primaryeducation, SECONDARY education, TERTIARY education, and healtheducation in particular) for girls and women.

plain one main POINT that if you are using social MEDIA, your use should be in control.It should not be for more TIME and have an EFFECT on the studies.

ᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴄʀᴇᴅɪᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴠᴇsᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴄᴏʀᴘᴏʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ❣️ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜʟʟ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴏғ ɪᴄɪᴄɪ ʙᴀɴᴋ

your answer mate ↙️↙️✌️✌️✌️ if you don't want that MIGRATION to be present anymore. If you are LIKE me and MAINTAIN your database STRUCTURE outside of Rails, you can just DELETE the migration file from migration.Hope this helps you mate ☺️☺️✌️✌️✌️

orld SCHOOLTHE PRESIDENTIAL SCHOOL I HOPE it is HELPFUL for you.

ear...here is UR answe✌️✌️In the 1960s a human rights movementbegan to emerge in the USSR. Those actively involved did not share a single set of beliefs. ... The fight for civil and human rightsfocused on issues of freedom of expression, freedom of conscience, freedom to EMIGRATE, punitive psychiatry, and the PLIGHT of political prisoners.hope it helps u❤️❤️

provisions for advancement of other backward classes(which cludes STs); Art. 29:- Protection of Interests of Minorities (which cludes STs); Art. 46:- “The State shall promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes, and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation,†Art. 350:- Right to conserve distinct Language, SCRIPT or Culture; Art. 350:- Instruction in Mother Tongue. II.Social Safeguard Art. 23:- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar form of forced labour; Art. 24:- Forbidding Child Labour. III. Economic Safeguards Art.244:- Clause(1) Provisions of Fifth Schedule shall apply to the administration & control of the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura which are covered under SIXTH Schedule, under Clause (2) of this Article. Art. 275:- Grants in-Aid to SPECIFIED States (STs&SAs) covered under Fifth and Sixth SCHEDULES of the Constitution. IV. Political Safeguards Art.164(1):- Provides for Tribal Affairs Ministers in Bihar, MP and ORISSA; Art. 330:- Reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha; Art. 337- Reservation of seats for STs in State Legislatures; Art. 334:- 10 years period for reservation (Amended several times to extend the period.); Art. 243:- Reservation of seats in Panchayats. Art. 371:- Special provisions in respect of NE States and Sikkim

cal control point (CCP) is DEFINED as a step which control can be APPLIED and is essential to prevent or eliminate a FOOD safety HAZARD or REDUCE it to an acceptable level.

ironment INCLUDES all factors of infertility and biology that have an impact, directly or indirectly affecting human health and life. The environment provides us with the space to live, to provide resources for production and to store waste.Since ancient times, when it was not possible to create labor tools, people lived mainly by hunting and gathering, depending on what is available in nature. Over time, when the developer community, the ones available from nature are gone, the environment is the place to provide them with materials to produce from the most rudimentary products. Today, ALONG with the development of humanity, the advancement of science and technology, the environment provides people with materials and resources to produce. You see, even in any age, the environment is very IMPORTANT to people. There is a close relationship between the environment and development: the environment is the LOCALITY and the object of development, and development is the cause of environmental changes. Currently, the environment is a hot issue of all humanity. Have you noticed that the climate is getting tougher and more unpredictable, ERRATIC flash floods and storms, land and water degradation, forest resource degradation, widespread environmental pollution ... Those are environmental issues that all humanity has been facing. People have too much impact on the environment, exploiting to the extent of depleting resources, discharging many toxins to make the environment no longer able to decompose itself. Nature gives people many things, yet we do not know how to preserve and protect it. For now, when the environment is gradually degraded, more "strange diseases" appear, people realize the importance of the environment. Protecting the environment is the protection of our lives. The Government has issued a series of legal documents on environmental protection in order to handle and deter organizations and individuals who commit acts of harming the environment, and waste treatment and invention technologies. Science was created to minimize environmental impacts. What about you, have you ever wondered, "What have I done tprotect the environment and fight climate change?".Do not think that protecting the environment is to research a building, a modern machinery or that is the work of experts, engineers or law but with small and specific actions Every day, we also contribute positively to environmental protection. In my opinion, the first thing that contributes to protecting the environment is to raise awareness for people to understand, know, and act for the environment with us. Only with the right perception, the right mindset acts rightly, and each small act will contribute a large part to the formation of a more civBe good to nature, be friendly with the environment, we will enjoy relaxing and comfortable moments in the fresh air, enjoy beautiful scenes from nature. On the contrary, if we only know the rights of individuals in the immediate future that harm the environment, our children and children will receive an unpredictable consequence. Protecting the environment is protecting our lives, guys!

ogy can be used to improve teaching and learning and help our students be successful. ... However, technology can be a “force multiplier” for the teacher. INSTEAD of the teacher being the only source of help in a classroom, students can access web sites, ONLINE tutorials, and more to ASSIST themHere are some ways technology has been used today. Boost Business Productivity. Technology has been used today in business to boost productivity, save money, and enhance profits. ... Enhance Communications. ... Improve Education System. ... Boost Purchasing Capacity. ... Develop New Infrastructure. ... Improve HEALTHY LIFESTYLES. ... Conclusion.

t's THEORIES PRIMARILY address the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a post-structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault rejected these labels, preferring to present his thought as a critical history of modernity. His thought has influenced academics, especially those working in communication studies, sociology, cultural studies, literary theory, feminism, and critical theory. Activist groups have also found his theories compelling. Born in Poitiers, France, into an upper-middle-class family, Foucault was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV, at the École Normale Supérieure, where he developed an interest in philosophy and came under the influence of his tutors Jean Hyppolite and Louis Althusser, and at the University of Paris (Sorbonne), where he earned degrees in philosophy and psychology. After several years as a cultural diplomat abroad, he returned to France and published his first major book, The History of Madness (1961). After obtaining work between 1960 and 1966 at the University of Clermont-Ferrand, he produced The Birth of the Clinic (1963) and The Order of Things (1966), publications which displayed his increasing involvement with structuralism, from which he later distanced himself. These first three histories exemplified a HISTORIOGRAPHICAL technique Foucault was developing CALLED "archaeology". From 1966 to 1968, Foucault lectured at the University of Tunis before returning to France, where he became head of the philosophy department at the new experimental university of Paris VIII. Foucault subsequently published The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969). In 1970, Foucault was admitted to the Collège de France, a membership he retained until his death. He also became active in a number of left-wing groups involved in campaigns against racism and human rights abuses and for penal reform. Foucault later published Discipline and Punish (1975) and The History of Sexuality (1976), in which he developed archaeological and genealogical methods which emphasized the role that power plays in society. Foucault died in Paris of neurological problems compounded by HIV/AIDS; he became the first public figure in France to die from the disease. His partner Daniel Defert founded the AIDES charity in his memory.

ythians in Indian literature. The Indo-Scythians were named "SHAKA" in INDIA, an extension on the name SAKA used by the PERSIANS to designate Scythians.

model, we look at adjustment as a specific moment in time. We are considering an individual's adjustment to ONE challenge, not to all CHALLENGES they have faced. Successfully adjusting to one scenario can be independent of struggling to adjust to another, unrelated scenario.[4] An example of this type of approach is observing a poor student beginning to study during recess because they don't have a home environment where they can effectively study. Beginning to study at another time WOULD be considered adequately adjusting to this scenario, but does not consider the other ways it may impact their life (i.e.: INHIBITING social interactions with peers.)[5][6]

he introduction of economic reforms in 1991, some States have been on an accelerating growth path, while a few have not only been lagging behind, ESPECIALLY in socio-economic aspects.Though we have made significant strides in education and health, their benefits have not reached all citizens in equal measure. Needless to say, a successful federation can become a reality only when there is equality in both social and economic indicators. Recognising the increased disparity among States, the National Common Minimum Programme of the UPA Government refers to the need to bridge this divide and promote all-inclusive growth.One case for overcoming regional imbalance and restoring equity is that of locating central institutions. Although the country has made impressive progress in scientific and education research, it is inadequate to power a knowledge revolution. Moreover, such progress has been POSSIBLE only because of "pockets of excellence" a few elite institutions such as the IITs, the IIMs, and the IISc. By and large, universities have remained ineffective; barring a few, and such excellence has not reached all fields.While a few States house nearly all the elite central institutions, many others do not have even one. In fact, taking note of this, the PRIME Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, while releasing the India Science Report, said: "I trust our Government as well the State governments will take note of these findings and evolve policies to REMEDY these regional imbalances."This came as a reassurance at a time when several States are agitated over regional imbalance. However, the Prime Minister announced the setting up of the Indian Institute of Science for Education and Research (IISER) in Pune and Kolkata at the same meeting. While setting up new science and technology institutions is a step in the right direction, one wonder whether the IISER will replace the National Institute of Science announced by the previous government.Two years ago, the then NDA Government had initiated a similar exercise of upgrading scientific and technological research in the country by instituting the National Institute of Science (NIS) in Pune, Bhubaneswar, Chennai and Allahabad. One of the major objectives behind this was to correct the regional imbalance.These new-age centres for cutting-edge scientific research were mooted by a group of Pune-based scientists and received strong support from the then Human Resource Development Minister. On December 10, 2003, the Government of India announced the setting up of four NIS. Since Orissa (Bhubaneswar) and UP (Allahabad) lag behind other advanced States in higher education and research due to lack of institutes of national importance, this announcement was welcomed by all, especially the people of these two States. The Orissa Government allotted 75 acres of prime land in Bhubaneswar towards this venture. But nothing has progressed from the Centre since then.The aim of the National Institute of Sciences is the same as that of IISER. Thus, NIS and IISER both refer to the same concept.If both NIS and IISER are the same, the news is disturbing from the point of view of attaining regional equality in higher education. This step will increase the regional imbalance of key central institutions. While no body has any grudge over locating the proposed IISERs in Pune and Kolkata, backward States such as Orissa must receive their due. Orissa has been demanding for a central university in the backward KBK region (Kalahandi, Bolangir, Koraput) and for an IIT, for quite sometime.But these have fallen on deaf ears. The Pathak Committee set up to recommend upgradation of ENGINEERING and scientific institutions into IITs too does not mention any institution from Orissa.Orissa being a backward State needs a research institution; this will help develop growth strategies for the State.There is a need for an institute that offers education and training in basic science, integrated with state-of-the-art research. An NIS in Bhubaneswar will fulfil the long-standing demand of a Central Government-funded institute in the State and act as an agent of change. Moreover, institutes of national importance should be as widely dispersed as possible for balanced regional development.(The authors are the Fellow and Faculty, respectively, at the Observer Research Foundation, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi.)

akes, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornados, floods, DROUGHTS, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, landslides and avalanches are considered (among others) natural disasters. A natural disaster usually has significant impact on our society directly or indirectly.For each disaster, there can be several events that LEAD up to it.A rather large hillside has been deforested recently. There has been heavy droughts the past couple years and they are now expecting heavy rainfall. Earthquakes can be caused by the shifting of tectonic plates. Sometimes increased mining in an area, like natural gas DRILLING, can cause earthquakes. Volcanoes. They often go hand-in-hand with seismic activity. Things SHIFT AROUND and gasses can often get pent up looking for an escape route. Sometimes explosive and sometimes not so much.

have a BROAD religion islams . Each and every one in Muslim have a broad - minded . They TRY to THINK and do everything by their their own . They are so cute and bright in colour . They are a MARGINALIZED country .

on GOOGLE......

ty is a GROUP of INDIVIDUALS involved in persistent social INTERACTION, or a large social group SHARING the same geographical or social TERRITORY,

ation refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. Although the two concepts are sometimes used interchangeably, urbanization should be distinguished from urban growth: urbanization is "the proportion of the total national population living in areas classed as urban", while urban growth refers to "the absolute number of people living in areas classed as urban". The United Nationsprojected that half of the world's populationwould live in urban areas at the end of 2008.It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized.That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion URBANITES by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia.Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2017 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next 13 years.Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines, including urban planning, geography, sociology, economics, and public health. The PHENOMENON has been closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization.Urbanization can be seen as a specific condition at a set time (e.g., the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns), or as an increase in that condition over time. So urbanization can be quantified either in terms of, say, the level of urban development relative to the overall population, or as the rate at which the urban proportion of the population is increasing. Urbanization creates ENORMOUS social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the “potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ECOSYSTEMS.”Urbanization is not merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominantly rural culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture. The first major change in settlement patterns was the accumulation of hunter-gatherers into villages many thousand years ago. Village culture is characterized by common bloodlines, intimate relationships, and communal behavior, whereas urban culture is characterized by distant bloodlines, unfamiliar relations, and competitive behavior. This unprecedented movement of people is FORECAST to continue and intensify during the next few decades, mushrooming cities to sizes unthinkable only a century ago. As a result, the world urban population growth curve has up till recently followed a quadratic-hyperbolic pattern.Today, in Asia the urban agglomerations of Osaka, Karachi, Jakarta, Mumbai, Shanghai, Manila, Seoul and Beijing are each already home to over 20 million people, while Delhiand Tokyo are forecast to approach or exceed 40 million people[when?]. Cities such as Tehran, Istanbul, Mexico City, São Paulo, London, New York City, Lagos and Cairo are, or soon will be, home to over 10 million people each.PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST.

e your ANSWER is -------^_^according to this theory the caste system divine origin it SAYS caste system is an EXTENSION of VARNA system .tqsm mark me as brainliest #disha≧∇≦

e your answer is --------✌....1 VEGETABLE oil2 PAPER 3 sugar tqsm HOPE you like it MARK me as brainliest if I did #disha

strialisation many INDUSTRIES DEVELOPED in many parts of our country. they are releasing poisonous and toxic chemicals in to the rivers .by this AQUATIC animals are vanishing. by releasing poisonous gases in to atmosphere the air is GETTING polluted . and many monuments are getting DAMAGED. e.g. Taj Mahal...

atement is false. they NEED MEDICAL rehabilitation. HOPE it helps. THANKS

blem of female foeticide has received little attention. The female foetus is readily sacrificed on the altar of expediency, individual convenience and legal technicalities. Ease access to the techniques ofsex determination has given rise to female foeticide. In many countries, modem techniques of ultrasound scans and unuterio-sex testing which are basically designed to make pregnancy safer are ironically being abused for female foeticide. Millions of female fetuses are aborted creating a serious sex imbalance to give rise to other social problems in India and a few other South Asian countries. A study reveals that in a year around 6 million abortions took place out ofwhich only a few thousand are legal. A survey carried out in Bombay during 1984 revealed that out of 8,000 abortions, 7999 were of female fetuses1. In a much quoted study carried out in Maharashta it is revealed that a Bombay clinic which performed 8,000 operations, 7,999 ofwhich are girls. In South Korea 20,000 females are aborted every year. The same is true with China and several other third world countries2. This gruesome act OFTEN goes unnoticed and unreported. So there can be no direct evidence to establish the existence ofthis inhuman act. However there are some indicators which lead us to a positive conclusion about the existence ofthis practice. One ofthe basic indicators is the male-female Sex Ratio. Sex ratio is defined as number of females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of Indian population has always 1 Devi Laxmi, “Encyclopedia ofWomen Development and Family Welfare Series- Women and Family Welfare”, (1998) p. 141, New Delhi. Anmol Publications. 2Shaleo Nigam: Legal News and Views: July 2000 (Struggle for Survival : ISSUES in the Sex Determination and Female Foeticide) 105 been of topical interest for the demographers, social scientists, women’s groups research scholars and various planners and policy makers. Global population has increased threefold during the century from 2 billion to 6 billion, the population of India has increased nearly five times from 23 million (23 crores) to one billion in same period3. The question is when population increases why is that India has such an uneven composition of population (inconsistency in sex-ratio) compared to most of the developed countries in the world?4 3.1 Indicators ofFemale Foeticide The U.N. Statistical Office and Populations division points out that sex ratios in India seems to suggest that it is an exception to the global rule that girls have a BETTER survival rate than boys, since they are biologically stronger. The sex ratio at the International level is an average of 1050 females for every 1000 males. In India the sex ratio has steadily been declining over the years with the last census showing a sex ratio of 945 women to 1000 men. This indicates a significantly high number of “missing women”. “Missing women” denotes the difference between the expected and actual number ofliving females. The table-1 shows the sex ratio as per the census in last eleven decades. A PRELIMINARY look at the census data of2001 reveals a SEVERE scenario ofthe worsening situation. The sex ratio in the country had always remained in favorable to females. The sex ratio ofthe child population (0-6) years has declined by 18 points at the national level for 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2004. In fact all states and union territories except Kerala, Tripura and Mizoram have reported fewer girls then boys, less than six years. The decline is most pronounced in Punjab, where the sex ratio in this age group(0-6 years), fell from 875 in 1991 to 793 (a decrease of 82 points)

y CALLED as HERMAPHRODITES

Well SAID , WOMEN is not born , she is made because God CREATE Woman to Give other that's why Women is Not born.Respect GIRL ☺️✌️

ortant Characteristics of Indian Caste SYSTEM as described by Dr. G.S. Ghurye are:(1) Segmentation of society into various divisions:Caste system ACCORDING to Dr. Ghurye, divides whole society into separate groups in which status, social duties and rights are different. In such a society caste feeling amongst the individual is more dominant than social feeling. Each caste has its own rules and regulations and if a member breaks these, he is expelled from the caste.He further states that in such caste bound society the amount of community feeling must have been restricted and that the citizens owed moral allegiance to their caste first, rather than to the community as a whole.(2) Hierarchy:ADVERTISEMENTS:There is a well defined stratification in the arrangement of various castes, with Brahmin at the top. Next to Brahmins come Kshatriya then Vaishya and then Shudra. As this system is based upon the birth of an individual, change from one caste to another is very difficult. But there are exceptions.In Indian villages this characteristic of caste is still present in its rigid form but in big cities where INDUSTRIES have gripped persons of all caste, into one lot, this rigid form of hierarchical form of caste system is gradually losing its conservation.(3) Restrictions on feeding, drinking and other social interactions:There are sets of rules by which a person belonging to caste is forbidden to take food with the members of another caste. There are other sub-rules in which it has been defined that which kind of food can be taken with the other caste. Thus a Brahmin cannot take food cooked with water in a Kshatriyas’ house but he can take food prepared and cooked in full GHEE.(4) Restrictions on marriages:ADVERTISEMENTS:According to Westermarck restriction on inter-caste marriages is the main characteristics of any caste system. Inter-caste marriage is strictly prohibited in Hindu society. In fact each of the main castes of Hindus is sub-divided into such castes and marriage outside one’s own sub-castes is not favoured.In the same manner individuals are checked from marrying to member of other region though he or she may belong to the same caste. Thus we see that marriages are restricted with endogamous merits of such caste belonging to a particular region.(5) Disabilities and privileges of different castes:Each caste is socially desired to perform certain occupations. Thus Brahmin cannot choose the profession of weeper and vice versa. Some castes are debarred from certain social privileges while others are given extra privileges. In Hindu caste system, Brahmins are the most priviledged castes and Shudra are worst priviledged casts.A Shudra cannot even touch an individual of higher caste. He cannot go to a temple or open a provision store. Besides these there are some kinds of restriction in the choice of occupations amongst various casts. In traditional Hindu caste system there was clear-cut division of occupations amongst the four castes.

Sanskaras. There are DIVERSE number of Sanskaras in Hinduism, varying by TEXTS between 12 and 18 in the Grhyasutras (Kalpa sastras). Of these, 16 are referred to as "Shodasha Samskaras" (Ṣoḍaśa Saṃskāra).A person was once digging up his field for planting seeds. Suddenly he came across a greenish stone. He thought it to be beautiful and took it to a jeweler. The jeweler said that it was nice and paid the man a hundred rupees for the stone. The jeweler then took the stone inside his workshop. He first cleaned the dirt, and then evened it out by doing away with its ruggedness. Further he polished it, and then the stone started shining. Thus the stone was made suitable for setting into an ornament. Aer it had become a piece of jewelry, the same emerald that as a stone had FETCHED only a hundred rupees became worth a million. Such a process of refining and enriching is called Samskara. All the scriptures, WHETHER it be the Gita or the Upanishads, are there to give US Samskara. Even the science of Vedanta, the highest knowledge available to mankind, is meant to remove our Avidya; i.e. Vidya acts by removing an impurity (Avidya), it does not give anything new. Gaining knowledge in Vedanta means removing Avidya, it does not mean ‘acquiring’ knowledge. The Vedas have delineated sixteen Samskaras for purifying us. The Manu Smriti outlines their purpose: ‘All impurities inherent in the seed of the male and the womb of the female are removed by Samskaras.’ (Manu Smriti

oup is CALLED ' INDIAN cricket team'U THA

ate!!The explanation is:-Society always is like a family.society only helps US to GROW. society always SHARE the THINGS is called sence of likeness.Hope it helpful

summarize the big topics. Do all the IMPORTANT chapters.Try not to MUG the words. Don't PANIC. Even if you learn small see to it that you learn it properly.Take breaksTry to study WHOLE day and you will study for atleast 4 HOURS.

gy is a SCIENCE of society. As a social science it attempts to study social LIFE as a whole.But for understanding of social life as the whole sociology requires the help of other social science witch studies a PARTICULAR ASPECT of society.HOPE THIS MAY HELP YOU!!!!!!

me ome POSTS ANSWERS on your question you can choose one as braiblistif there are TWO qusestions POSTED you can choose onethere is written " mark as brainslist" on the top of answes CLICK on it

ate ✌️✌️Here's the answer..I also want my profile to FLOAT top of this APP. And I think that we need GOOD points and a high rank. Also, there are some PEOPLE with VIRTUOSO rank but we need to get many followers for this.So, it is clear that we need good points and a high rank with a great number of followers to get our name to float on top of this app.Hope the answer helps you..Plzz mark as brainliest ♥️You can follow me if you WISH to do so :-)

as DECLARED in the YEAR 1979

dy!!     Here is your ANSWER; ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡   ⭐⭐⤵Because on 27 November  in 1949, CONSTITUTION of INDIA was adopted and CAME into FORCE on January 26, 1950.➡hope this helps you deaR ✌✌✌.

-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular NATION's decision to START or carry on an ARMED conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military FORCE during conflicts.An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term anti-war can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts, or to anti-war books, paintings, and other works of ART.

t union is a member-owned financial cooperative, democratically controlled by its members, and OPERATED for the purpose of promoting thrift, arranging credit at competitive rates, and providing so many other financial services to its members. The Co-operative Credit Institutions in India can be classified as under a three-tier structure. (i) Primary Credit Societies at the bottom (II) Central Co-operative BANK at the middle (III) State Co-operative Bank at the top

ans of India have lately been looking at the place of history in the country, both as an academic DISCIPLINE and as a mode of public representation of the past. This book explores the status of regional and VERNACULAR histories in RELATION to academic histories by professional historians. Was there history writing in India before the British colonial intervention? The stock answer to this question is no . Other than the Rajatarangini of Kalhana, no ancient text adequately resembles a historical narrative. The itihasa-purana tradition is largely indistinguishable from mythology. The vamsavali and caritra traditions do not really distinguish between the legendary and the historical. YET these genres of narrating the past did percolate into India s regional languages, being later complemented by the Persian court chronicles of Islamic rulers, with the latter showing writing practices much closer to European CONVENTIONS of history