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Air transport is the fastest and costliest medium of transportation. India, being a vast country having different geographical regions, makes air transport an important mode. Air transport has reduced travelling time and cutting down distances.

India, in terms of population, is a big country, and its citizens use various modes of transport for travelling from one place to another place. India presently is moving forward towards being a developed nation from a developing one; this is creating immense possibilities for air transport, because as the country will develop, so will the income of people improve, and this will cause change in transport choices of people.

Air transport is the fastest mode of transport, this increases its possibilities of development as compared to other transport. It not only helps in saving time, but since air transport makes it possible to travel to specific places, therefore, people are also attracted towards it.

Young generation of India is specially favoring air transport and since India has a huge young population, therefore, it adds to the possibilities for development of Air transport in India. Increase in industrialization and privatization in India has opened new opportunities for the development of air transport. There is an increase in use of air transport for goods transportation. Air transport is the only medium through which costly and perishable goods can be transported.

The Northern Himalayan region of India is unreachable with roads and railways, in such conditions, air transport is emerging as the most important medium of transportation in similar complex topography. India is moving towards being the trailblazer for best tourist destination, for this, air transport is playing an important role; also, tourism is helping to increase the possibilities for the development of air transportation.

Considering the vast possibilities for the development of air transportation and for promoting domestic aviation, India announced the National Civil Aviation Policy in 2016, to make India the 3 rd biggest market in terms of passenger traffic by 2022 from the current 9th position, to increase domestic passenger traffic four – fold to 300 million by 2022, to increase the number of airports to 127 by 2019 for flights, to increase the cargo by four times to 10 million tons by 2027, and to make air transport affordable for common people, to develop Green airports and helicopter ports and to recruit 3.3 lakh skilled staff by 2025, to improve ease of doing business through simplified procedures, deregulation and e-governance and to promote ‘Make in India’.

The above stated points clearly state that in future air transport will emerge as a big market and become the most important mode of transport. At present, one hour journey has been suggested as limited to Rs. 2500 and half an hour journey cost is limited to Rs 1200.00. For this, the loss suffered by airline companies is borne by central and state governments in 80 : 20 ratio.

The coastline in India has a total length of 7517 km, and the maritime economic zone in India has a total area greater than 20 lakh square kilometers.

Relation Alter Fumemmen in 1605 in German Language.

1. Inland waterways: Waterways present inside the geographical boundaries of the country. 

2. Oceanic Waterways: Waterways passing through various oceans.

Phailyn Cyclone.

This largest shipping company of India was changed from “private limited” to “public limited”, and the government of India awarded it with the title of ‘Miniratna’ on 24th February 2000.

Aryabhata-On 19 April 1975.

In 1980, India had a total length of 5035 km of pipelines, in 2010, it increased to almost 10,000 km

In ancient times, the Chola dynasty had supremacy over Indian waterways.

On 1st March 1994, the monopoly of India Airlines and Air India ended.

HBJ stands for Hajira – Bijaipur – Jagdishpur. This pipeline is 1750 km long.

“Metsat Satellite”.

GAIL was established in 1984, which controls 14400 km of pipelines in India.

First air transport (air travel) started along with the first flight between Allahabad and Naini in the year 1911.

The Air route of Air India spans from Kolkata to Delhi – Mumbai – Cairo. The route of Rome – Dusseldorf – Geneva – Pads – London – New York. In the East, it spans in Rangoon – Hong Kong – Shanghai – Beijing – Seol up to Tokyo.

This airplane company was started on 15^th October 1985. Earlier it was known as Helicopter Corporation of India, which was changed to Pawan Hans on 5^th May, 1987. This company was formed to provide immediate emergency service to oil receiving offshore regions and other distant places.

Those Airports which implement various techniques to reduce carbon emissions are known as Green Airports.

It refers to using electronic application and processes to learn.

Correct Answer is: (d) 100

(a) Rajeev Gandhi International Airport – Hyderabad

Jodhpur Airport has been granted permission by the Indian Air Force to be converted to greenfield airport in July 2012.

Vayudoot service was started in January 1981. This service carries goods and passengers to small cities.

National Highways : They connect the capitals of the states, Industrial centres and major parts. They are well planned wide roads with two-lane, four-lane and six-lane roads.

• Construction and maintainance is done by the Central Government and National Highways Authority (NHAI). The total length of the National Highway is about 71,772 km in 2011. They constitute only 2% of the length but they carry over 45% of the road traffic:
• The number of National Highways in the country is 235.

Under the National Highways Authority of India, about 14,297 km length of National high way is proposed to be upgraded to four or six lanes in two phases.

It consists of the following components :

• The Golden Quadrilateral 
• The North-South and East-West corridors 
• Port connectivity and other projects.

1. The Golden Quadrilateral super Highways Kolkata, Chennai Mumbai and by six-lane super highway. It has a total length of 5846 kms.

2. East-West corridor :- This project has extended from the North South corridor linking between Srinagar (J.K) and Kanyakumari (T.N) and East-West corriders connecting between Silcher (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat). The project has a total length of about 7300 km.

3. Port connectivity project:-This project, connect golden quadrilateral roads with 3 major ports (380 km) and other projects (962 km) is in progress.

The longest National Highway is NH-7 from Varanasi to Kanyakumari (2344 km).

The Different Types of Transportation are: 

1. Land Transport 

2. Water Transport 

3. Air Transport 

4. Pipeline Transport.

The trans-Canadian Railways are as follows: 

1. Halifax in the East to Vancouver on the Pacific coast. 

2. Quebec – montreal industrial region.

The shipping canals of the world are: 

1. The Suez 

2. The Panama canal.

The Highways of North America are: 

1. The Trans-Canadian Highway. 

2. The Alaskan Highway.

Name of three International Airports are given below: 

1. Indira Gandhi International Airport – Delhi 

2. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport – Dumdum (Kolkata) 

3. Santa Cruz (Chhatrapati Shivaji) Airport – Mumbai.

Correct Answer is: (d) 23

International Airport of South America are: 

1. Rio-de-Janeiro and 

2. Brasilia.

The Waterways in the world is: 

1. The Rhine waterways 

2. The Danude waterways.

1926 in USA.

From Mumbai to Newyork.

New Zealand.

Samuel morse in 1844.

A system for sending and receiving messages electronic all over a computer network, as between personal computers.

Pipeline is the means of carrying the liquid, slary and Gases through the pipes from one place to another.

The Movement of Goods, Passengers, through rivers canals, lakes is know as inland waterways.

‘Television’ is described as the ‘Wonder box’ of 20^th century. The first colour television was invented by Hungarian born ‘American Peter Gold Mark in 1940.

1825 between Stockton and Darlington in northern England.

Water transport is the means of carrying the goods and pass angers through the boats, ships, steamers etc on the water from place to place.

Steam engine was invented by James Watt in 1781.

Peter Mark USA in 1940.

Logi Blaird.

Marconi in 1888.

Alexender Graham bell in 1875.

Geographical information system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and .present all types of geographical data.

Global Positioning system is a space based satellite navigation system that provides local and time information in all weather conditions anywhere on the Earth.

Trans Asiatic railway.

During the period of Emperor Ashoka.