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| 1. |
Briefly trace the process of german and italian unifactition |
| Answer» German unification\tPrussia took over the leadership of the movement for German national unification after the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848.\tPrussian Chancellor, Otto Von Bismark was the architect of this process which was carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.\tBismark fought three wars in seven years with Austira, Denmark and France which ended in Prussian Victory and completed the process of unification.\tIn 18th January 1871, the Prussian king, William-I was proclaimed the German emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.Unification of Italy\tPolitical Fragmentation: Like Germany, Italy was also politically fragmented. During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one, Sardinia- Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Prince.\tRole of Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini made efforts to unite Italian Republic. He had formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’ for achieving his goal.\tRole of Count Cavour: He was the chief minister who led the movement to unify Italy. He formed a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and defeated the Austrian forces.\tRole of Giuseppe Garibaldi: Garibaldi also formed armed volunteers. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdoms of Two Sicilies and succeeded in driving out the Spanish rulers.\tIn 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy. | |