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Describe the nutrition in human beings

Answer» \tNutrition in human beings takes place through parts like mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, ****\tThe process of nutrition takes place through an\xa0alimentary canal\xa0which is a long tube extending from the mouth to the ****.\tComplex foods should be converted to smaller ones by crushing the food with teeth and by the enzyme\xa0salivary amylase\xa0of saliva secreted by\xa0salivary glands.\tSalivary amylase breaks down starch which is a complex molecule into sugar.\tAs the canal lining is soft so food is made wet to make the passage smooth.\tThe alimentary canal has different parts and the food should be moved in a regulated manner along the digestive tube so the food is processed properly in each part.\tThe canal has muscles that contract rhythmically to push the food forward and this movement of food is called\xa0peristaltic movement\xa0which occurs all along the gut.\tThe food is taken to the stomach through the food pipe or oesophagus from mouth.\tThe muscular wall of stomach mixes the food with more digestive juices secreted by the gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach.\tGastric gland releases\xa0hydrochloric acid, a protein digesting enzyme called as\xa0pepsin,\xa0mucus.\tEnzyme pepsin acts on the food and hydrochloric acid facilitates the action of pepsin.\tMucus protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of acid under normal conditions.\tFrom stomach acidic food enters small intestine, the longest part of alimentary canal and this is regulated by\xa0sphincter muscle.\tComplete digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats take place in the small intestine by the secretions of liver and pancreas.\tBile\xa0secreted by liver makes the acidic food alkaline and acts on large globules of fat into smaller globules so that the enzymes can act on easily.\tThe process of breakdown of large fats globules into small globules which increases the efficiency of the pancreatic enzymes is called\tPancreas secrete pancreatic juice which contains enzyme\xa0trypsin\xa0to break for digesting proteins,\xa0lipase\xa0for digesting emulsified fats.\tThe walls of the small intestine contain glands secreting intestinal juice which converts finally complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins to amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.\tThe inner wall of small intestine has finger like projections called\xa0villi\xa0which are richly supplied with blood vessels and these take absorbed food to all the cells of the body.\tThe unabsorbed food is sent to the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this undigested material and the rest of the material is excreted from the body by\xa0****.\tThe excretion of waste materials by **** is regulated by the\xa0**** sphincters.


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