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| 1. |
explain different ways through which political reforms are carried out |
| Answer» Some broad guidelines that can be kept in mind while devising ways and means\xa0for political reforms in India are:1. Legal ways of reforming politics: Carefully devised changes in laws can help\xa0to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones. But, legal-constitutional changes by themselves cannot overcome challenges to the\xa0democracy. Democratic reforms are to be carried out mainly by the political\xa0activists, parties, movements and politically conscious citizens.2. Careful study of consequences should be done: If there is any legal change,it must carefully look at what results it will have on politics. Sometimes the\xa0results may be counter-productive. For example, many states have banned\xa0people from contesting Panchayat elections who have more than two\xa0children. This has resulted in denial of political opportunity to many poor\xa0and women, which was not intended.3. Ways to strengthen the democratic practice: Democratic reforms are to\xa0be brought about principally through political practice. Therefore, the main\xa0focus of the reforms should be on ways to strengthen the democratic practice.The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality\xa0of political participation by ordinary citizens.4. Any proposal of political reform should think not only about what is a good\xa0solution but also consider about who will implement it and how. It is not wise\xa0to think that legislatures will pass legislations that will go against the interest of all political parties and MPs. But, measures that rely on\xa0democratic movements, citizens, organisations and the media are likely to\xa0succeed. | |