Explain how the following metals are obtained from their compound by the reduction process: (a) Metal M which is in the middle of the reactivity series. (b) Metal N which is high up in the reactivity series Give one example of each type.

Explain how the following metals are obtained from their compound by t

1.	Explain how the following metals are obtained from their compound by the reduction process: (a) Metal M which is in the middle of the reactivity series. (b) Metal N which is high up in the reactivity series Give one example of each type.
Answer» Solution :(a) The metal M which is the middle of the reactivity series (such as iron,zinc,lead,copper,etc) is moderately reactive, So for obtaining such metals from their compounds, their sulphides and carbonates (in which they are PRESENT in nature) are first converted into their oxides by the process of roasting and calcination respectively. For example, `2ZnS(s)_(Zinc sulphide)+3O_2(g) to^(HEAT) 2ZnO(s)+2SO_2(g)` `ZnCO_3(s)_(Zinc carbonate) to^(Heat) ZnO(s)+CO_2(g)` the metal oxides (MO) are then reduced to the corresponding metals by using suitable reducing agents such as carbon. For example, zinc metal from its oxide is obtained as follow: `ZnO(s)_(Zinc oxide)+C(s) to Zn(s)_(Zinc)+CO(g)` (b) The metal N which is high up in the reactivity series (such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminium etc.) is very reactive and cannot be obtained from its compound by HEATING with carbon. Therefore, such metals are obtained by ELECTROLYTIC reduction of their molten salt. For example, sodium is contained by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (NaCl). At cathode: `NA^+ + e^(-) to Na` At anode: `2Cl^(-) to Cl_2 +2e^(-)`