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InterviewSolution
| 1. |
Explain the classification of hydrocarbon compounds based on their structures. |
Answer» Solution :Hydrocarbon compounds are classified on the basis of the arrangement of carbon atoms (ACCORDING to structure) into following three categories :  (a) Straight chain compounds : Hydrocarbon compounds in which all carbon atoms are arranged in straight chain (linearly) are called straight chain compounds. For example, Propane `(C_(3)H_(8)):H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-H` Pentane `(C_(5)H_(12)):H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-H` (b) Branched chain compounds : Hydrocarbon compounds in which carbon atoms are arranged in straight chain, as well as possess one or more branches are called branched chain compounds. For example, carbon SKELETON. of four carbon atoms of butane can be arranged in two different possible skeletons as follows : (1) `C-C-C-C`  Here, satisfying the remaining valencies with hydrogen, gives following structures :  Two MOLECULAR structures for `C_(4)H_(10)` For example, carbon .skeleton. of six carbon atoms of hexane `(C_(6)H_(14))` can be arranged in five different possible skeletons as follows : (1) `C-C-C-C-C-C` (2) `C-C-C-underset( C )underset(|)C-C` (3) `C-C-underset( C )underset(|)C-C-C` (4) `C-underset( C )underset(|)C-underset( C )underset(|)C-C` (5) `C-C-underset( C )underset(|)overset( C )overset(|)C-C` Here, satisfying the remaining valencies with hydrogen gives following structures : (1) `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(3)` (2) `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-CH_(3)` (3) `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)CH-CH_(2)-CH_(3)` (4) `CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)CH-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)CH-CH_(3)` (5)` CH_(3)-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-CH_(3)` ( c ) Ring structures OR Cyclic compounds : Hydrocarbon compounds in which the first carbon atom is DIRECTLY linked with the end (last) carbon atom, forming ring or cyclic structures are called ring structures or cyclic structures are called ring structures of cyclic compounds. For example, (1) Structure of cyclohexane :  (2) Structure of CYCLOPROPANE : 
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