Explain the following reactions with one example for each giving relevant chemical equations : (i) Hydrogenation reaction, (ii) Oxidation reaction, (iii) Substitution reaction, (iv) Saponification reaction.

Explain the following reactions with one example for each giving relev

1.	Explain the following reactions with one example for each giving relevant chemical equations : (i) Hydrogenation reaction, (ii) Oxidation reaction, (iii) Substitution reaction, (iv) Saponification reaction.
Answer» SOLUTION :When carbonic ACID reacts with alcohol n the presenee of cone. `H_(2)SO_(4),` pleasant fruity smelling compound is formed this type of reaction is called esterification reaction. `underset("Ethanoic acid")(CH_(3)COOH_(1))+ underset("Ethanol")(C_(2)H_(5)OH_(1))underset(H_(2)SO_(4))overset("Alkaline")rarr underset("Ethyl ethanoate")(CH_(3)COOC_(2)H_(5(1)))+ underset("Water")(H_(2)O_(1)`) (i) Oxidation reaction : `underset("Ethanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH)+2[O] underset("KMnO"_(4))overset("Alkaline")rarr underset("Ethonoic")(CH_(3)COOH+H_(2))O` (ii) Addition rection: `underset ("Ethene")(CH_(2))=CH_(2)+H_(2)underset("573K")overset("Ni")rarr CH_(3)- CH_(3)` (iii) Substitution reaction : `underset("Methane")(CH_4)+Cl_(2) overset("Sunlight")rarr underset("METHYLCHORIDE")(CH_(3)CL+HCl)`