Formation of soap and detergents

1.	Formation of soap and detergents
Answer» SoapsThe soap is sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids (long chain carboxylic acid) which as cleaning property of water detergentsA detergent is the sodium salt of long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphate or a long chain of benzene sulphonic acid Preparation of soap in laboratory:\tAnimal fat or vegetable oil act as glyceride or glyceryl ester. And sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide act as bases.\tTake about 30 ml of vegetable oil in a beaker. Then add 60 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide solution to it.\tThis mixture is heated slowly till it boils. After the mixture has boiled for five to ten minutes add 5grams of sodium chloride in order to separate soap from the solution. Allow the solution to cool. The creamy layer floating on top of the solution is the soap. \tThus soap is prepared by hydrolysing fat or oil with bases such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This process of soap preparation is known as saponificationDetergents:Detergents have almost the same properties as soaps but they are more effective in hard water.\xa0Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. The charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions in water.\xa0 Soap is sodium salt of long chain hydrocarbon formed by saponification reaction Custard oil+NaOH=soap

Discussion