1.

How did Vietnam emerged from the powerful shadow of China?

Answer» (1)\xa0(i) The French began to increase cultivation by building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.\xa0(ii) The vast system of irrigation works — canals and earthworks wore built mainly with forced labor.(2)\xa0(i) This increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market.\xa0(ii) The area under rice cultivation went up from 2, 74,000 hectares in 1873 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million hectares in 1930.(iii) Vietnam exported two-third of its rice production and by 1931 had become the third largest exporter of rice in the world.


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