1.

The lengths and radii of two rods made of same material are in the ratios 1 : 2 and 2 : 3 respectively. If the temperature difference between the ends for the two rods be the same, then in the steady state, the amount of heat flowing per second through them will be in the ratio

Answer» (i) Generally, liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling.
(ii) Water, however, shows an exceptional behaviour.
(iii) If water at room temperature is cooled, it contracts till `4^(@)C`, but if it is cooled below `4^(@)C` (between `4^(@)C` and `0^(@) C`), it expands instead of contracting.
(iv) On the contrary, if water at `0^(@)C` is heated, it contracts instead of expanding upto `4^(@)C`.
(v) This exceptional behaviour of water between `4^(@)C` and `0^(@)C` is called anomalous behaviour of water.
(vi) Examples found in nature:
(a) Survival of ~quatic plants and animals.
(b) Cracking of rocks in winter.
(c) Pipes conducting water in cold regions burst in a winter.


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