Various rules of thumb have seen proposed by the scientific community to expalin the mode of radioactive decay by various radioisotopes. One of the major rules is called the `n//p` ratio. If all the known isotopes of the elemnts are plotted on a graph of number of neutrons (n) versus number of protons (p), it is observed that all isotopes lying outside of a 'stable' `n//p` ratio region are radioactive as shown fig.5.28. The graph exhibits straight line behaviour with unit slope up to `p=25`. Above `p=25`, tgose isotopes with `n//p` ratios lying above the stable region usually undergo beta decay. Very heavy isotopes `(pgt83)` are unstable because of their relativley large nuclei and they undergo alpha decay. Gamma ray emission does not involve the release of a particle. It represnts a change in an atom from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. Which of the following represents the relative penetrating power of the three types of radioactive emission in decreasing order?A. `betagtalphagtgamma`B. `betagtgammagtalpha`C. `gammagtalphagtbeta`D. `gammagtbetagtalpha`

Various rules of thumb have seen proposed by the scientific community

1.	Various rules of thumb have seen proposed by the scientific community to expalin the mode of radioactive decay by various radioisotopes. One of the major rules is called the `n//p` ratio. If all the known isotopes of the elemnts are plotted on a graph of number of neutrons (n) versus number of protons (p), it is observed that all isotopes lying outside of a 'stable' `n//p` ratio region are radioactive as shown fig.5.28. The graph exhibits straight line behaviour with unit slope up to `p=25`. Above `p=25`, tgose isotopes with `n//p` ratios lying above the stable region usually undergo beta decay. Very heavy isotopes `(pgt83)` are unstable because of their relativley large nuclei and they undergo alpha decay. Gamma ray emission does not involve the release of a particle. It represnts a change in an atom from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. Which of the following represents the relative penetrating power of the three types of radioactive emission in decreasing order?A. `betagtalphagtgamma`B. `betagtgammagtalpha`C. `gammagtalphagtbeta`D. `gammagtbetagtalpha`
Answer» Correct Answer - d Alpha radiation consists of the largest particles (helium nuclei with a mass number of `4`, thus the greatest inertia)and are slowest (about `1//3` times the speed of the light). Beta radiation consists of smaller (electrons, `1//1370` times lighter than a proton) and faster partilces (about `4//5` times the speed of light). Gamma radiation consits of the smallest particles (photons, no mass ) which travel at the greatest speed (at the speed of light).

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