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What are the various steps of nutrition in humans

Answer» Ingestion:\tIn human beings, food is ingested through the mouth. The food is put into the mouth with the help of hands.Digestion:\tThe digestion of food commences in the mouth itself.\tThe teeth cut the pabulum into small pieces, masticate and grind it. (Physical digestion)\tThe salivary glands in our mouth produce saliva (watery liquid) which contains an enzyme salivary amylase which digests the starch (carbohydrate) present in the food into sugar. (Chemical digestion)\tOur tongue helps in mixing this saliva with food.\tThe digestion of food remains incomplete in the mouth.Oesophagus:\tThe slightly digested food in the mouth is swallowed by the tongue and goes down the food pipe called oesophagus.\tWhen the marginally digested food enters the victuals pipe, the walls of victuals pipe start contraction and expansion forms of kineticism called as a peristaltic movement.\tThis peristaltic movement of food pipe pushes the slightly digested into the stomach.Stomach:\tThe stomach is a J-shaped organ present on the left side of the abdomen.\tThe stomach walls contain s three tubular glands in it walls which secrete gastric juice.\tThe gastric juice contains three substances: Hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin, and mucus.\tThe hydrochloric creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin i.e. digestion of protein.\tThe mucus helps to protect the stomach wall from its own secretions of hydrochloric acid.\tThe partially digested food then goes from the stomach into the small intestine.Small intestine:\tFrom the stomach, the partially digested food enters the small intestine.\tThe small intestine is the largest part (about 6.5 m) of the alimentary canal.\tThe small intestine is very slight and arranged in the form of a coil in our belly.\tThe small intestine in human beings is the site of complete digestion of food (like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)\tThe small intestine receives the secretion of two glands: Liver and Pancreas.\tThe liver secretes bile (greenish yellow liquid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder).\tBile performs two functions:\tMakes the acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it.Bile salts shatter the fats present in the food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.\t\t\tThe pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like pancreatic amylase for breaking down starch, trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.\tThe walls of the small intestine contain glands which produce intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins into amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.\tIn this way, the process of digestion converts the sizably voluminous and insoluble aliment molecules into small water-soluble molecules.Absorption:\tThe small intestine is the main region for the absorption of digested food.\tThe inner surface of the minute intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food.\tThe digested food which is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine goes into our blood.Assimilation:\tThe blood carries digested and dissolved food to all the components of the body where it becomes assimilated as a component of the cells and is utilized for obtaining energy, building up new tissues and the repair of old tissues.Egestion:\tThe unabsorbed food is sent into the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this material.\tThe rest of the material is abstracted from the body via the ****.\t\xa0The exit of this waste material is regulated by the **** sphincter.
Nutrition has 5 steps-1. Ingestion2. Digestion3. Absorption4. Assimilation5. Egestion


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