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. Why is sustainable development essential for economicgrowth? |
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Answer» Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining world processes of productivity indefinitely—natural or human-made—by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value without degrading or endangering natural biotic systems.[9]\xa0Sustainable development ties together concern for the\xa0carrying capacity\xa0ofnatural systems\xa0with the social, political, and economic challenges faced by humanity.Sustainability Science\xa0is the study of the concepts of sustainable development and environmental science. There is an additional focus on the present generations\' responsibility to regenerate, maintain and improve planetary resources for use by future generations.[10]:3–8Sustainable development has its roots in ideas about\xa0sustainable forest managementwhich were developed in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.[11][8]:6–16\xa0In response to a growing awareness of the depletion of timber resources in England,\xa0John Evelynargued that "sowing and planting of trees had to be regarded as a national duty of every landowner, in order to stop the destructiveover-\xa0exploitation of natural resources" in his 1662 essay\xa0Sylva. In 1713\xa0Hans Carl von Carlowitz, a senior mining administrator in the service of Elector\xa0Frederick Augustus I of Saxony\xa0published\xa0Sylvicultura economics, a 400-page work on forestry. Building upon the ideas of Evelyn and French minister\xa0Jean-Baptiste Colbert, von Carlowitz developed the concept of managing forests for\xa0sustained yield.[11]\xa0His work influenced others, includingAlexander von Humboldt\xa0and\xa0Georg Ludwig Hartig, eventually leading to the development of a science of forestry. This, in turn, influenced people like\xa0Gifford Pinchot, the first head of the\xa0US Forest Service, whose approach to forest management was driven by the idea of wise use of resources, and\xa0Aldo Leopold\xa0whose\xa0land ethic\xa0was influential in the development of the\xa0environmental movement\xa0in the 1960s.[11][8]Following the publication of\xa0Rachel Carson\'sSilent Spring\xa0in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and development and\xa0environmental degradation.\xa0Kenneth E. Boulding\xa0in his influential 1966 essay\xa0The Economics of the Coming\xa0Spaceship Earth\xa0identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources.[8]\xa0Another milestone was the 1968 article by\xa0Garrett Hardin\xa0that popularized the term "tragedy of the commons".[12]\xa0One of the first uses of the term sustainable in the contemporary sense was by the\xa0Club of Romein 1972 in its classic report on the\xa0Limits to Growth, written by a group of scientists led byDennis\xa0and\xa0Donella Meadows\xa0of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Describing the desirable "state of global equilibrium", the authors wrote: "We are searching for a model output that represents a world system that is sustainable without sudden and uncontrolled collapse and capable of satisfying the basic material requirements of all of its people."[10]\xa0That year also saw the publication of the influential\xa0A Blueprint for Survival\xa0book.[13][14]Following the Club of Rome report, an\xa0MITresearch group prepared ten days of hearings on "Growth and Its Implication for the Future" (Roundtable Press, 1973)[15]\xa0for the US Congress, the first hearings ever held on sustainable development.\xa0William Flynn Martin, David Dodson Gray, and Elizabeth Gray prepared the hearings under the Chairmanship of Congressman\xa0John Dingell.[16]In 1980 the\xa0International Union for the Conservation of Nature\xa0published a world conservation strategy that included one of the first references to sustainable development as a global priority[17]\xa0and introduced the term "sustainable development".[18]:4\xa0Two years later, the United Nations\xa0World Charter for Nature\xa0raised five principles of\xa0conservationby which human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged.[19]\xa0In 1987 the United Nations\xa0World Commission on Environment and Development\xa0released the report\xa0Our Common Future, commonly called the Brundtland Report. The report included what is now one of the most widely recognised definitions of sustainable development Sustainable development is the prudent and judicious use of resources in such a way that even future generations are able to use it.Sustainable development is essential for economic development as we have limited quantity of resources. Firstly, the development and growth of the country will be hampered if the present limited resources are totally exhausted.Secondly, the exhaustion of natural resources will endanger the lives of humans and many species if we do not follow the principle of sustainable development. For example, if water is\xa0overutilised\xa0and wasted, then it will not be replenished by the rains. We need to keep the stock of natural resources for future use too. |
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