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• It is the poor in Quality and but high yield variety. . 
• It can resists the pest and diseases. About 68.9% of Indian coffee robusta in 2010-11.

Its main function is to select climate of dry areas, natural conditions and proper selection of seeds and to make plan for dry area farming.

Soil fertility is the inherent capacity of the soil to supply nutrients to plants in adequate amounts and suitable proportions. All productive soils are fertile, but all fertile soils need not be productive. The problems like salinity/ alkalinity, acidity, waterlogging, adverse climatic conditions, etc may cause fertile soils to be unproductive. Soil fertility is an index of available nutrients to plants.

• National Highway no. 7 is the longest highway of India.
• It extends from Varanasi in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.
• National Highway no. 35 is the shortest highway of India.
• It connects Kolkata to Bongaun, the border village near Bangladesh.

Horticulture

Scientific name for cause of wilt disease in Gram is Fusarium oxysporium.

Cultivated area of sugarcane in Bihar is 2.5 lakh hectare.

Pores in soil to Macro pores and Miro pores

Consumption use of water is equal to Evaporation + Transpiration + Water needed for metabolism .

Luxury consumption is defined as the nutrient concentration range in which added nutrient will not increase yield but can increase nutrient concentration.

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Protein quantity in pulses is 20-28% 

Agricultural is an important economic activity in our country. I would like to suggest the following measures to enhance the agricultural production in India. 

• Each district and block can be made self-sufficient in agricultural production if the government provides proper agricultural infrastructure, irrigation facilities, electricity, etc.
• Loans can be provided at lower interest rates to cultivator. 
• The use of latest techniques can be encouraged.
• Instead of concentrating only on rice or wheat, the food crop with a better growth potential in that particular area must be encouraged. 
• Attracting foreign investment in agriculture and also free trade in grains will not only increase agricultural production, but will also create massive employment and reduce poverty in rural areas. 
• Farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in place of food grains, in order to supply dye to Britain’s flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons and banes for Indian agriculture.

Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

In north – east part, it is known as Jhooming, Baiver in M. P. and Chhattisgarh, Podu in Andhra Pradesh, Ponam in Kerala, Deppa in south India (by Gond tribes), Painda and Kumari in Western Ghats, Kheel in the Himalayas, and in south – east Rajasthan, it is known as Valra.

Shifting agriculture in South Eastern part of Rajasthan is known as Valra.

Most of Indian population (54.6%) is employed in agricultural occupation.

Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Organic farming is an agricultural production system that sustains the soil health, agro-ecosystems and human beings. Organic farming relies immensely on ecological principles, agro-biodiversity and bio-geochemical cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than use of inputs which cause adverse impacts. It intensely combines traditional knowledge, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.

Organic certification system is a quality assurance initiative, intended to assure quality, prevent fraud and promote commerce, based on set of standards and ethics. It is a process certification for producers of organic food and other organic plant products.

• In the last few years, the area under floriculture cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants and horticulture has increased.
• These plantations require a high standard of seedlings, cuttings, bulbs and seeds.
• Nurseries give good returns.
• This has led to the development of nurseries.

Botanical name of Tomato is  Solanum lycopersicum

(d) All of these

Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

The concept of Integrated Nutrient Management is the continuous improvement of soil productivity on long term basis through appropriate use of fertilizers and organic manures and their scientific management for optimum growth, yield and quality of crops and cropping systems in specific agroecological situations. The Integrated Nutrient Management helps to restore and sustain the soil fertility and crop productivity. This strategy also checks the nutrient deficiency and soil problems. The INM strategies focus on the following areas: 

1. Reduction of nutrient losses from the applied fertilizers 

2. Fertilizer application to synchronise with the crop demand 

3. Timing, placement and choice of the fertilizers 

4. Controlled release of nutrients 

5. Retention and efficient use of the native soil nutrients 

6. Research and development of alternative sources of nutrients 

The components of INM are the following: 

1. Organic manures (Farmyard manure, crop waste, animal waste, industrial waste, sludge, oil cakes, etc.) 

2. Bio-fertilizers (Rhizobia, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Phosphobacteria, etc.) 

3. Chemical fertilizers (Urea, Urea super granules, Single Super phosphate, Muriate of potash, micronutrient fertilizers). 

4. Green manure and Green leaf manure (Sesbania rostrata, S.aculeata, Crotalaria juncea, Azolla, etc.)

The West Bengal ranks first with about 15% of the country’s production.

Organic Farming is the form of agriculture that uses green manure, compost and biological pest control by eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc.

Following are the categories: 

1. Vegetable production near market. 

2. Truck farming. 

3. Greenhouse farming. 

4. Floral farming. 

5. Plants nursery. 

6. Commercial fruit production agriculture.

Tea: Crows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates.

Soil type: Deep and fertile, well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matters.

Climate: Warm and moist, frost-free climate throughout the year.

Rainfall: Frequent showers throughout the year.

Two states: Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya and Tripura

Truck farming is a form of plantation agriculture. In big cities, due to lack of land and increasing population, growing vegetable and fruits, in distant areas with suitable climate and soil, and sending these to big cities by trucks and vehicles containing freezer is called truck farming.

Following are the characteristics of truck farming agriculture:

1. Small – sized fields. 

2. Intensive farming (production of three and four vegetable crops in a year). 

3. Excess labour. 

4. Management of fields through scientific methods. 

5. Excess use of fertilizers. 

6. Excess of capital. 

7. Arrangement of trucks and vehicles with freezers.

• The land holdings are usually small in a thickly populated area, farming is very intensive and produced more is known as “Intensive farming”. 
• It is a labour and capital Intensive farming. 
• Large amount of labour and capital is used on small land holding to get maximum production of crops. 
• The available small piece of land is used for cultivation with irrigation facilities through out the year. 
• In this system, farmers try to raise two or more crops, with careful tilling of the soil.
• Intensive agriculture is characterized by high yields per unit area and farmers try to get the maximum production from small land holdings. 
• It is common in the fertile and irrigated parts of the country. 
• In this type, agricultural operations are carried on by manual labour and animals. 
• Rice is the main crop of Intensive farming.

(a) Jhumming in Assam 

(b) Koman in Odisha 

(c) Ponam in Kerala 

(d) Podu in Andhra Pradesh.

Tea and Coffee are important Beverage crops of India.

The Criteria of essentiality as proposed by Arnon and stout (1939) includes the following. 

a. A deficiency of an essential nutrient element makes it impossible for the plant to complete its life cycle. 

b. The deficiency is specific to the element and can be corrected only by supplying that element. 

c. The element plays a direct role in the metabolism and nutrition of the plant.

It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour for Pruning, Plucking, Processing and Packing purpose. Therefore it is called labour intensive crop.

(d) All of these 

(d) All of these 

(d) All of these

Example of Liliaceae family weed is Asphodelus fistulosus.

Pusa Hybrid-6  is not the long variety of Brinjal.

Botanical name of Pointed Gourd is Tricosanthes dioica.

(d) All of these 

onion is not a  example of Annual crop.

Example of Solanaceae family weed is Solanum nigrum.

Centre of origin for cucumber is India.

Origin of cucumber is  India .