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751.

Question : What are the limitations of extracting energy from (a) the wind ? (b) waves ? (c) tides ?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
752.

Question : What are the limitations of the energy that can be obtained from the oceans ?

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Solution :The limitations of energy obtained from oceans are as follows :
(1) The locations, where dams can be built for TIDAL energy are limited.
(2) The wave energy is obtained only where strong winds are blowing accross the SEA.
(3) EFFICIENT commercial exploitation of OCEAN thermal energy is difficult.
Discussion
753.

Question : What are the hormones secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? Mention the tissues on which they exert their effect

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Solution :(a) Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone.
(b) Oxytocin are the two hormones of posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In kidney tubules, the vasopressin hormone increases the reabsorption of water. It reduces LOSS of water through urine.Oxytocin helps in the contraction of the smooth muscles of UTERUS at the time of child birth and MILK ejection from the mammary gland after child birth.
Discussion
754.

Question : Write the harmful effects of alcohol on health.

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Solution :(a) Prolonged use of alcohol depresses the nervous system, by acting as a sedative and ANALGESIC SUBSTANCE.
(b) Nerve cell damage, causing mental or physical disturbances.
(c) Lack of Co-ordination of body organs.
(d) BLURRED or reduced vision, results in ROAD accidents.
(e) Dilation of BLOOD vessels, which affect the functioning of the heart.
(f) Liver damage, resulting in fatty liver which leads to cirrhosis and formation of fibrous tissues.
(g) Body loses its control and consciousness leading to health complications.
Discussion
755.

Question : What are the gametes?

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SOLUTION :GAMETES are haploid sex CELLS PRODUCED in the reproductive parts of ORGANISMS.
Discussion
756.

Question : What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings ?

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SOLUTION :Functions of testis :
1. Produce MALE gametes, called sperms.
2. Leydig.s cells secrete male SEX hormone NAMELY testosterone into blood.
Discussion
757.

Question : What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings?

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Solution :The TESTIS PRODUCE SPERM and also male SEX hormone testosterone.
Discussion
758.

Question : What are the functions performed by the testes in human beings?

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SOLUTION :The testes are the male reproductive ORGANS that are located outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch CALLED scrotum. Functions of testes : PRODUCE sperms. Produce a hormone called testosterone, which BRINGS about secondary sexual characters in boys.
Discussion
759.

Question : What are the functions of thyroid hormones? Write any three points.

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SOLUTION :(a) PRODUCTION of energy by maintaining the Basal METABOLIC Rate (BMR) of the body.(b) Helps to MAINTAIN normal body temperature. (c) Influences the ACTIVITY of Central Nervous System.
Discussion
760.

Question : What are the functions of testis in the human male reproductive system? Why are these located outside the abdominal cavity? Who is responsible for bringing about changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?

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SOLUTION :Functions of testis-
(i) Produce sperms.
(II) Produces male hormone/ testosterone.
Testes are located outside the human body, as sperms need LOWER temperature than the NORMAL body temperature to MATURE.
Testosterone.
Discussion
761.

Question : What are the functions of the prostate gland?

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SOLUTION :The prostate GLAND is a male REPRODUCTIVE organ whose main function is to secrete prostate FLUID, one of the components of semen. The muscles of the prostate gland ALSO help propel this seminal fluid into the urethra during ejaculation.
Discussion
762.

Question : What are the functions of petals and sepals ?

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Solution :FUNCTION of PETALS : To attract INSECTS for pollination.
Function of sepals : To PROTECT petals, stamens and pistils.
Discussion
763.

Question :What are the functions of Epidermis?

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SOLUTION :(a) Epidermis protects the INNER SURFACE. (b) Stomata helps in TRANSPIRATION. (c) ROOT hairs help in absorption of water and minerals.
Discussion
764.

Question : What are the functions of chloroplast ?

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Solution :1. Photosynthesis 2. Storage of starch 3. SYNTHESIS of FATTY acids 4. Storage of LIPIDS 5. Formation of chloroplasts
Discussion
765.

Question : What are the factors which affect transpiration?

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Solution :Transpiration is affected by several external and INTERNAL factors.
External factors: TEMPERATURE, light, humidity, and wind speed.
Internal factors: Number and distribution of STOMATA, Percentage of open stomata, Water STATUS of the plant and CANOPY Structure.
Discussion
766.

Question : What are the factors affecting Ascent of Sap?

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SOLUTION :(a) HIGH TEMPERATURE
(b) Atmospheric Pressure
(c) Wind Velocity
(d) Low atmospheric humidity
(e) Soil water DEFICIT
Discussion
767.

Question : What are the green house gases ?

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Solution :(1)In his EARLY experiments Lavoisier thought that the gas liberated on heating powdered charcoal in a bell jar kept over water in a trough was like fixed air i.e., carbon dioxide .
(2)The next series of experiments deals with the combustion of phosphorus in a bell jar. From this he showed that WHATEVER it was in the atmospheric air which combined with the phosphorus was not water vapour.
(3)This was respirable air , a component of air that also helped in burning
(4)The air that we breathe out precipitated LIME water while that after heating metal did not.
(5)From this he concluded that there were two processes involved in respiration.
(6)Lavoisier carried out another experiment by which he showed that aboutone-sixth of the volume of 'vitiated air' consists of chalky acid gas (fixed air ).
(7)Either eminently respirable air is changed in the lungs to chalky acid air , or an exchange takes place , the eminently respirable air being absorbed, and an almost equal volume of chalky acid air being given up to the air from the lungs.
(8)Lavoisier had to admit that there were strong grounds for believing that eminently respirable air did combine with the blood to produce the red COLOUR. '
Discussion
768.

Question : What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy ? What steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption ?

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Solution :The energy demand is increasing DAY by day. Exploiting any source of energy may adversely affect the environment more or less.
For example, use of fossil fuels cause air POLLUTION. It may lead to GREENHOUSE effect, acid rain, etc. Use of Hydropower to generate electricity destroys large ecosystem.
Following steps are suggested to reduce energy consumption :
(1) Minimise the regular use of personal vehicles and use of public transport as far as possible.
(2 ) Maximise the use of pollution free source of energy.
(3) Use of eco-friendly fuels such as biogas, CNG, etc.
(4) Switch off the light, fan and other ELECTRIC appliances, whenever not in use.
(5) Turn off the vehicles at traffic signal while waiting for green signal.
(6) Use of solar cooker, solar water heater.
Discussion
769.

Question : What are the environmental effect caused by sewage?

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Solution :(a) Sewage is the leading polluter of water resources in INDIA.
(B) Different species of FISHES are killed.
(c) Contaminated water can cause diseases such as e-coli, DIARRHOEA and HEPATITIS A.
Discussion
770.

Question : What are the effects of hybrid vigour in animals?

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Solution :The SUPERIORITY of the hybrid, obtained by cross breeding is CALLED heterosis or hybrid VIGOUR Effects of hybrid vigour in animal breeding
• Increased production of milk by cattles.
• Increased production of egg by poultry
• High QUALITY of meat is PRODUCED.
• Increased growth rate in domesticated animals.
Discussion
771.

Question : What are the effects of deforestation and benefits of agroforesty?

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Solution :DEFORESTATION gives rise to ecological PROBLEMS LIKE floods, DROUGHT, soil erosion, loss of wild life, extinction of SPECIES, imbalance of biogeochemical cycles, alteration of climatic conditions and desertification.
Discussion
772.

Question : What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels ?

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Solution :The disadvantages of fossil fuels are :
(1) It is non-renewable source of energy.
(2) Air pollution is caused by burning of fossil fuels. Acidic oxides of nitrogen and sulphur are released on burning of fossil fuels which lead to acid rain.
(3) GASES like carbon DIOXIDE causes green house effect and GLOBAL warming.
Discussion
773.

Question : What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population ?

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SOLUTION :Out of SYLLABUS.
Discussion
774.

Question : What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?

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SOLUTION :Individuals with a particular TRAIT MAY increase in a population as a result of the following:
Discussion
775.

Question : What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?

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SOLUTION :Break-down of glucose takes PLACE by VARIOUS PATHWAYS as given below:
Discussion
776.

Question : What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in variousorganisms ?

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Solution :Some organisms use oxygen to break-down glucose COMPLETELY into `CO_(2)`and WATER. Such a type of OXIDATION of food is called as aerobic respiration. Certain bacteria, yeast do not involve OXYGENAND glucose in incompletely oxidisedto formeither ethyl alcohol or lactic acid and `CO_(2)`. Such a type of respiration is called as anaerobic respiration. GLYCOLYSIS is a common step in aerobic as well as anaerobic respiration which occurs in cell cytoplasm. Inthis six carbon glucose molecule is broken into a three carbon pyruvic acid. The pathway of break-down of glucose in variousorganism is depicted below :
Discussion
777.

Question : What are the different ways in which glucose in oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ?

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Solution :DIFFERENT PATHWAYS to PROVIDE energy from GLUCOSE
Discussion
778.

Question : What are the different types of threatened species ?

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SOLUTION :Classification of threatned species:
(i) Endangered species : Either number of these organisms is declined or their habitat is shrunk to such an extent that they can be extinct in near future if conservative measures are not implemented.Example : Lion tailed MONKEY, lesser florican.
(ii) Rare Species : Number of these organisms is CONSIDERABLY declined. Organisms of these species being endemic may become extinct very fast. Example : Red panda, musk deer.
(iii) Indeterminate species : These organisms appear to be endangered but due to some of their behavioural habits there is no definite and substantial INFORMATION. Example : GIANT squirrel.
Discussion
779.

Question : What are the materials present in urine?

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Solution :Excretion : Due to metabolism several harmful excretory products are formed, the process of removing toxic waster from the body is called excretion.
Formation of urine involves four stages :
1) Glomerular filtration, 2) Tubular reabsorption, 3) Tubular secretion and, 4) Formation of concentrated urine (or)formation of hypartonic urine.
1) Glomerular filtration :
a) Blood flows from renal artery to glomerulus through afferent arteriole.
b ) Filtration of blood occurs in glomerulus.
C) Glomerular filtrate is also known as primary urine which almost equal to blood in chemical composition except the presence of blood cells.
2) Tubular Reabsorption :
a) The primary urine passes into proximal convoluted TUBULE.
b) Useful substances like glucose , amino acids, sodium chloride, potassium ion,bicarbonate ion , and 75 % of WATER are reabsorbed into peritubular network.
3) Tubular secretion :
a) After reabsorption in proximal convoluted region (PCT) the urine travels through the loop of Henle into distal convoluted tubule.
b) Here some other wastes like extra salt ions of `K^(+), Na^(+), Cl^(-)` and `H^(+)` secretes from peritubular capillaries into distal convoluted tubule which are surrounded by peritubular network.
4) Formation of concentrated urine :
a) 75 % of water coritent of the nephric filtrate is reabsorbed in the region of proximal convoluted tubule and 10 % of water passes out of filtrate through osmosis in the area of loop of Henle.
b) Concentration of urine takes place in the area of COLLECTING tubes in the presence of hormone called vasopressin. The hormone is secreted only when concentrated mine is to be passed out.
Discussion
780.

Question : What are the different methods of contraception?

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Solution :Contraceptive methods can be BROADLY divided into the following types.
• Natural method :
It involves avoiding the chances of MEETING ofsperms and ovum, In this method, the sexual act is avoided from day `10^(th)` to `17^(th)` of the menstrual cycle because during this period, ovulation is expected and therefore the chance of fertilization are very high.
• Barrier method :
In this method, the fertilization ofovum and sperm is prevented with the help of barriers. Barriers are avilable for both males and females. Condoms are barriers made ofthin rubber that are used to cover penis in male and vagina in females.
• Oral contraceptives :
In this method tablets or drugs are taken orally. These contain SMALL doses of harmones that prevent the release of eggs and thus fertilization cannot OCCUR.
• Implants and surgical methods :Contraceptive devices such as the loop or copper - T are PLACED in uterus to prevent pregnacy. Some surgical methods can also be. used to block the gamete transfer to prevent The transfer of sperms known as vastectomy. Similarly, fallopian tubes of the female can be blocked so that egg will not reach the uterus known as tubectomy.
Discussion
781.

Question : What are the different methods of contraception ?

Answer»

Solution :Different METHODS of contraception are :
(i) Barrier method - Where physical barriers like condoms (worn over penis), diaphragm (used by females), cervical cap and copper-T (an IUCD) are used.
(i) CHEMICAL method - Spermicidal applications by women, vaginal pills or oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are used. OCPs are hormonal preparations which alter the hormonal level in female BODY.
(iii) Surgical method - PORTION of vas deferens in male (vasectomy) or portion of fallopian TUBE in females (tubectomy) is cut or ligated. This stops release of gametes, preventing fertilisation .
Discussion
782.

Question :What are the different method of contraception?

Answer»

Solution :Contraceptive method can be bordly divided into the following types :
Natural method : It involves avoiding the chances of meeting of sperms and ovum. In this method, the sexual act is avoided from 10th to 17th of the menstrual CYCLE because during this epriod, ovulation is expected and THEREFORE the chance of fertilization are very high.
* Barrier method : In this method, the fertilization of ovum and sperms is prevented with the help of BARRIERS. Barriers are available for both males and females. Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber that are used to cover penis in male and VAGINA in females.
* Oral contraceptives : In this method tablets or drugs are taken orally. They contain small doses of harmones that prevent the release of eggs and thus fertilization cannot occur.
* Implants and surgical methods : Contraceptive devices such as the loop or copper - T are placed in uterus to prevent pregnancy. Some surgical methods can also be used to block the gamete transfer to prevent the transfer of sperms known as vastectomy. Similarly, fallopian tubes of the female can be blocked so that egg will not REACH the uterus known as tubectomy.
Discussion
783.

Question : Whatare the differencess between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition ?

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Solution :`{:("Autotrophic NUTRITION","Heterotrophic nutrition"),("(1) A mode ofnutrition in whichan organism makes (or synthesizes) its own food from the simple inorganic molecules.","(1) A mode of nutrition in whichan organism cannot make (or synthesize) its own food from simple inorganic molecules."),("(2) Uses simple molecules as " CO_(2) ","H_(2) O" in presence of sunlightand chlorophyll." ,"(2) Cannot use " CO_(2)"," H_(2) O "or sunlightto manufacture theirfood."),("(3) Presence of chlorophyll is essential.","(3) Chlorophyll absent."),("(4) Not DEPENDENT on day other living organ-ism to fulfil its nutritional requirement.","(4) Dependent on other living //non-livingorganisms to fulfil its nutritional requirement."),("(5) Types : (i) PHOTOSYNTHESIS, (II) Chemosynthesis","(5) Types :(i) Parasitic, (ii) Saprophytic and (iii) Holozoic"),("(6) Example : Green plants as mango tree.","(6) Example : Fungi and Man."):}`
Discussion
784.

Question : Whatare the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem ?

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Solution :DIFFERENCESBETWEEN transport in xylem and transport in phloem :
`{:("Transport on xylem ","Transport in phloem "),("(i) Xylem transports mineral and water from root to leaves through stem","(i) Phloem transports FOOD leaves to root and stroage organs."),("(ii) Xylem consists of TRACHEIDS and vessels","(ii)Phloem consists of sieve tubes, sieve cells and companion cells"),("(iii) Transport is unidirectional from root to leaves.","(iii) Transport is BIDIRECTIONAL ."):}`
Discussion
785.

Question : What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
786.

Question : What are the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition ?

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SOLUTION :DIFFERENCES between AUTOTROPHIC and HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION.
Discussion
787.

Question : What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
788.

Question : What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction ?

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SOLUTION :DIFFERENCES between asexual and SEXUAL reproduction are as FOLLOWS:
Discussion
789.

Question : What are the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration ? Name some respiration and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use anaerobic mode of respiration .

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SOLUTION :DIFFERENCES between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Discussion
790.

Question : What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use theanaerobic mode of respiration .

Answer»

Solution :Differences between aerobicand anaerobic respiration :
`{:("Aerobic respiration ","Anaerobic respiration "),("(i) A type of respiration that takes place in presence of oxygen.","(i) A typeof respiration that takes place in ABSENCE of oxygen. " ),("(ii) Complete oxidation of glucose takes place resultingin release of"CO_(2)"energy and WATER","(ii) Incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place resulting in release of ethanol or lactic acid" CO_(2) "and energy"),("(iii) More energy is PRODUCED (36 ATP)","(iii) Less energy is produced (2ATP)"),("(iv) It occurs partly in cytoplasm and mitochondria as well","(iv) Ittakes place in cytoplasm"):}`
Anaerobic respiration occurs in yeast, certain bacteria and internal parasiteslike tapeworm.
Discussion
791.

Question : What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.

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Solution :
Organisms that USE the anaerobic mode of RESPIRATION are yeast, some bacteria and some PARASITIC WORMS.
Discussion
792.

Question : Name the mode of asexual reproduction in yeast.

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Solution :Asxeual reproduction takes place by six DIFFERENT method. They are
1) fission 2) BUDDING 3) spore formation 4) regeneration 5) fragmentation and 6) vegetative propagation.
1) Fission : Single called organisms SPLIT into two equal offsprings or more offsprings. Ex : Paramoecium bacteria.
2) Budding : A growth on the body as a bud grows to form indentical copy of perent. Ex : Yeast.
3) Spores formation : spores are produced in sporangium.
Ex : Rhizopus, mucor, bacteria, ferms and mosses.
4) Regeneration : Ability of organisms to give rise to NEW individual organisms.
Ex : Hydra, flatwrom, tapewrom.
5) Fragmentation : New individual growth from a separate piece of parent organisms.
Ex : flatworms, moulds, lichens, spirogyra.
6) vegetative propagation :
a) Natural propagation :
i) leaves : Eg : Bryophyllum
ii) Stems:
Eg : Stolon - Vallisneria, Strawberry
Bulbs - Onion
Corms - Colacasia
Tuber - Patato
b) Artificial propagation :
i) Layering : Eg : Nerium, guava, orange, rose.
ii) cutting : Eg : Rose, Hibiscus, sugarcane.
iii) GRAFTING: Eg : Sapota, Guava, Mango.
Discussion
793.

Question : What are the conventional sources of energy ?

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SOLUTION :Fossil fuels, i.e., coal and PETROLEUM are the conventional SOURCE of energy, which are USED on a large scale.
Discussion
794.

Question : What are the contributing factors for Obesity ?

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SOLUTION :OBESITY is DUE to GENETIC factors, physical INACTIVITY, overeating and endocrine factors.
Discussion
795.

Question : What are the consequences of soil erosion ?

Answer»

Solution :The consequences of soil erosion are as follows:
• It has led to the increased POLLUTION and SEDIMENTATION in streams and rivers.
• Clogging the water ways and causing decrease in fish SPECIES.
• Degraded lands are OFTEN has less ablity to hold on to water.
• Top soil is removed.
• Top soil quality is reduced.
• No medium crops to GROW in soil with poor quality.
• Use of artificial fertilizers.
• Disrupts ecosystem.
Discussion
796.

Question : What are the consequences of loss of forest cover ?

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Solution :Forest cover of the world is rapidly depleting. It is more rapid in developing countries. The REASONS are: rapidly increasing population, Eindustrialization and URBANIZATION. Destruction of the forest is very rapid, particularly in the tropical region.
Serious effects of deforestation are as follows:
( 1 ) It induces changes in the regional and global climate.
(2) DUE to the destruction of forests, the rainfall decreases.
(3) Loss of forest cover causes increase in soil erosion and decrease in the fertility of land.
(4) Increase in the amount of `CO_2` and temperature in the atmosphere. This leads to greenhouse effects.
(5) Due to loss of habitat of wildlife, chains of foodweb BREAK. As a result of it many organisms become endangered or extinct.
(6) The ecosystem balance is DISTURBED due to deforestation and irregularities arise in the functioning of biogeochemical cycles.
Discussion
797.

Question : (i) What are the conditions which occur due to lack of ADH and insulin? How are the conditions different from one another? (ii) Write the events involved in the sexual reproduction of a flowering plant. Discuss the first event and write the types.

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Solution :Lack of ADH: Deficiency of ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) REDUCES reabsorption of water and causes an increase in urine output (polyuria). This deficiency disorder is called Diabetes insipidus.
Lack of insulin: The deficiency of insulin causes Diabetes mellitus. It is characterised by
(a) Increase in blood sugar LEVEL (Hyperglycemia). (b) Excretion of exess glucose in the urine (Glycosuria). (c) FREQUENT Urination (Polyurial) (d) Increased thirst (Polydipsia) (e) Increase in APPETITE (Polyphagia).
Lack of ADH, reduces the reabsorption of water and increases the urine output. Lack of insulin causes the Diabetes mellitus, which increases the blood sugar level and excrete the excessS glucose in the urine, causing frequent urination.
Discussion
798.

Question : What are the consequences of deforestation?

Answer»

Solution :The contaminants can harm animals and damage the food chain.
(a) Deforestation becomes a threat to the economy, quality of life and future of the environment.
(b) Loss of MANY FORESTS.
(c) It gives rise to ecological problems like floods, DROUGHT, soil erosion, loss of wild life, extinction of species, imbalance of biogeochemical CYCLES, alteration of climatic conditions and DESERTIFICATION.
Discussion
799.

Question : What are the components of transport system in human beings? What are function of these components ?

Answer»

Solution : There are two main TRANSPORT systems in human beings :
1. Blood vascular system.
2. Lymphatic system.
Components of blood vascular system
1. Blood. It is a reddish viscous fluid connective tissue. In an adult human being, it is 5-6 litres in amount. Blood consists of two parts - plasma and formed elements. (RBCs, WBCS and blood platelets). Blood transports digested food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes and hormones in the body.
2. Heart. It is a hollow, muscular pumping organ. The heart, in fact, has four WATER tight chambers, the receiving chambers called auricles or atria and the distributing chambers ventricles. The left auricle receives purified blood from the lungs, and empties into left ventricle. The left ventricle distributes blood to various organs and tissues through the blood vessels. The right auricle receives impure blood from all parts of body and empties it into the right ventricle. The latter sends the blood to lungs. Heart pumps the blood in the body.
3. Blood vessels. The blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood are called arteries. They divide to form capillaries of finer dimensions. Exchange of materials takes place across the capillaries. It is POSSIBLE because the walls of capillaries are extremely thin. The blood from the tissues is returned by veins. Components of Lymphatic system 1. Lymphd 2 . LYMPH vessels 3. Lymph capillarics 4. Lymph nodes.
Discussion
800.

Question : What are the components of the transportsystem in human beings ? What are the functions of these components ?

Answer»

Solution :Human transport system has two components - blood vascular system and lymphatic system .
Blood vascular system : comprises of blood, blood vessels and heart.
Heart is the pumping organ of blood vascular system .
Thecellular componentcomprises of types of CELLS-red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets .
Red blood cells - RBC plays an importantrole in transport of nutrients, EXCRETORY materials, hormones, gases, etc. Oxygen is transported as oxyhaemoglobin and `CO_(2)`as carbamino haemoglobin
White blood cells - WBC are considered as the soldiers of ourbody as they phagocytosegerms/microbes. They combat foreign bodies by producing antibodies and histamine .
Blood platelets - Platelets playan important role in COAGULATION or clottingof blood.
Blood vessels - are the three types namely arteries,veins and capillaries.
Arteries are blood vessels that takeaway oxygenatedblood from heart to different body parts. Veins carrydeoxygenated blood towardsheart from various body parts.
Capillaries - Exchange of materials between blood and living cells through tissue fluidis facilitated by capillaries.
Lymphaticsystem whichcomprises of lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes help in picking uptissue SECRETION and passing into blood. It maintains the blood volume. It also aids in defence of ourbody.
Discussion