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3601.

Question : Does geographical isolation of individuals of a species lead to formation of a new species? Provide a suitable explanation.

Answer»

Solution :Speciation is the formation of new species in the course of evolution.
The factors that could lead to speciation are:
a) Natural selection `""` b] Geographic ISOLATION
c] MUTATION `""` d] Genetic drift
Geographic location cannot be a major FACTOR in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant As the self-pollinating plant has both the male and the female REPRODUCTIVE part in itself, the transfer of pollen to the STIGMA is between the flowers of the same plant.
Hence, geographic isolation of the species cannot be a factor for speciation.
Discussion
3602.

Question : Does genetic combination of mothers play a significant role in determining the sex of a new born?

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SOLUTION :No, mothers have no role in determining the sex of a new born. As the 23rd pair of chromosomes in female CELLS have a pair of X chromosomes, all children will inherit an X CHROMOSOME from the MOTHER. As males have both X and Y chromosome as the 23rd pair, it is the father who determines the sex of a new born.
Discussion
3603.

Question : Dodi is the only child of his rich parents. He insisted on getting a new motorbike on his 16th birthday. Though Dodi was underage by two years for obtaining a driving licence but he started driving motorbike without a driving licence. He even did not wear any protective equipment while driving the motorbike. Neighbours usually saw Dodi driving the motorbike very fast and rashly. He did not obey any traffic rules while driving. One day Dodi was driving his motorbike very fast on the main road with a friend seated behind him. He was trying to show off his misplaced sense of adventure by performing some dangerous stunts. Just then a heavily loaded truck appeared on the road in front of him. When this truck applied brakes suddenly to save a dog crossing the road, Dodi could not stop his speeding motorbike in time. The motorbike went under the truck banging Dodi's head against the rear side of truck. Dodi was hurt badly. Dodi was rushed to the nearby hospital where he was declared brought dead. Dodi's friend was lucky to escape with minor injuries. (a) What type of injury do you think Dodi could have received that led to his immediate death ? (b) Which protective equipment Dodi was not wearing at the time of the accident ? (c ) Which body part/vital organ of Dodi could have been protected by wearing the above protective equipment that could have perhaps saved Dodi's life ? (d) Do you think it is good to perform stunts on a running motorbike ?Give two reasons for your answer. (e) What advice would you give to young children to avoid such unfortunate incidents ? (f) What advice would you give to the parents of such children ?

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SOLUTION :(a) Dodi must have received a serious head injury.
(b) Dodi was not wearing a helmet at the time of accident.
(c ) Wearing helmet could have protected the head of Dodi during the accident. It could have prevented or minimised the head injury. Helmet also protects the vital organ 'brain' which is inside the skull.
(d) No, it is not. Performing stunts on running motorbikes ENDANGER the life of biker himself as well as that of other road USERS. Performing stunts on motorbike is like attempting to COMMIT suicide.
(e) The children should drive motorbikes (and other vehicles like cars, etc.) on attaining the age of 18 years after learning all the traffic rules and obtaining a proper driving licence. They must wear helmet while driving motorbike and obey traffic rules. They must not attempt any risky stunts and keep the speed under control. Remember : speed thrills but kills.
(f) The parents should not gift (or lend) vehicles liek motorbikes and cars to their underagr children out of misplaced sense of love and affection or to show off their riches to the society. Those parents who do such things are actually the biggest ENEMIES of their own children.
Discussion
3604.

Question : Doctorsusestethoscopeto hear thethesoundoftheheart. Why?

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Solution :The heart sound is heard by PLACING the STETHESCOPE on the chest. It is a USEFUL diagnostic tool to IDENTIFY and localize the health PROBLEMS and diagnose disease.
Discussion
3605.

Question : Do tailless mice have tailless progeny ? Why or why not ?

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Solution :No, because loss of TAIL cannot CHANGE the GENES of the germ CELLS of the MICE.
Discussion
3606.

Question : Do plants like Croton, with non-green leaves have chlorophyll and do they perform photosynthesis?

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Solution :The CHLOROPHYLL is present in Croton leaves, embedded along with other COLOURED pigments like CAROTENOIDS and anthocyanin. These coloured pigments assist or help the PIGMENT chlorophyll in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
Discussion
3607.

Question : Do genetic combination of mothers play a significant role in determining the sex of a new born?

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SOLUTION :No, because mothers have a PAIR of X-chromosomes. All children will INHERIT an .X. chromosome from their mother REGARDLESS of whether they are boys or girls.
Discussion
3608.

Question : Do all variations in a species have equal chances of surviving in the environment ? Why ?

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SOLUTION :No, because depending on the NATURE of variations, DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS WOULD have different kinds of advantages.
Discussion
3609.

Question : DNA strands are anti-parallel because of

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H-bonds
PHOSPHO DIESTER bonds
disulphide bonds
peptide bonds

Answer :A
Discussion
3610.

Question : DNA replication is

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CONTINUOUS and CONSERVATIVE
DISCONTINUOUS and semiconservative
semidiscontinuous and semiconservative
conservative and semidiscontinuous

Answer :B
Discussion
3611.

Question : DNA polymerase enzyme is required for the synthesis of

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RNA from DNA
DNA from DNA
RNA from RNA
DNA from RNA

Answer :B
Discussion
3612.

Question : DNA is hereditary material because it is ___ and ____

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SOLUTION :REPLICATED, TRANSMITTED
Discussion
3613.

Question :DNA is

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VECTOR DNA
circular DNA
RECOMBINANT of vector DNA and DESIRED DNA
SATELLITE DNA

Solution : recombinant of vector DNA and desired DNA
Discussion
3614.

Question : DNA fingerprinting technique was developed by Alec Jeffrey.

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ANSWER :1
Discussion
3615.

Question : Dna fingerprinting is based on the principle of ifentifying____sequences of DNA

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SINGLE stranded
MUTATED
polymorphic
REPETITIVE

Solution :repetitive
Discussion
3616.

Question : DNA content has the tendency to double itself during sexual reproduction due to combining of the genetic materials from two parents. How can the problem of DNA doubling be solved to maintain the consistency of the genetic material throughout the species?

Answer»

Solution :(i) Germ-cells from two individuals combine.
(ii) CHROMOSOME number and DNA CONTENT is halved in special linkage cells in specialized ORGANS.
(III) Takes PLACE in reproductive cells maintaining the DNA content.
Discussion
3617.

Question : Diya has just moved into a new house in another colony alongwith her parents. Diya is a keen observer of all the human activities going around her in the colony. She noticed that in the colony people threw the left-over food, and fruit and vegetable peels into overflowing garbage bins to be taken away by the staff of Municipal Corporation. She also saw that the gardener of the colony collected all the fallen leaves of houseplants and garden plants in one corner of the park, let them dry, and ultimately burnt them. It was brought to her knowledge that Residents Welfare Association of the colony spent a lot of money every year in purchasing chemical fertiliser for the garden plants and grass lawns. Keeping all this in view, Diya presented a plan of action to the President of Welfare Association. On the successful completion of this plan after a few months, there was no need to purchase chemical fertiliser anymore. The environment also looked very neat and clean. (a) What do you think was Diya's plan of action ? (b) How did Diya's plan of action help the environment? (c) How did Diya's plan of action help the Residents Welfare Association ? (d) What values of Diya are displayed by this plan of action ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :(a) DIYA used the left-over food, fruit and vegetable peels and fallen leaves collected from the whole colony for making compost.
(b) The left-over food, and fruit and vegetable peels which used to rot in garbage bins and emit foul smell were now buried in the compost pit. Similarly, the fallen plant leaves which used to remain scattered here and there, and produced lot of smoke on burning, were now buried in compost pit. These actions helped in keeping the environment neat and clean.
(c) A lot of money which was earlier spent by RESIDENTS Welfare Association in purchasing the chemical fertiliser for the GARDEN plants and grass lawns was saved. This is because the compost made in the colony itself was now used as manure to grow plants in the garden as well as in lawns.
(d) The values displayed by Diya are (i) Awareness (that waste materials such as left-over food, fruit and vegetable peels, and fallen leaves of plants can be converted into a useful material called compost) (ii) Concern for the environment (to keep it clean and protect it from the harmful effects of using chemical FERTILISERS), and (iii) Desire to help Residents Welfare Association (by saving money spent on fertilisers).
Discussion
3618.

Question :''Division of Labour'' in multicellular animals means

Answer»

all FUNCTIONS by a single cell-type
a function performed JOINTLY by many cells
DIFFERENT functions by different cell-types
similar functions by different cell-types 

ANSWER :C
Discussion
3619.

Question : Distinguish between unisexual and bisexual flowers giving one example of each. Draw a neat diagram showing fertilisation in a flower and label: a] Pollen tube b] Male germ cell c] Female germ cell, on it. OR Draw the diagram showing the germination of pollen on stigma and label the part on which pollination takes place. Answer the following questions based on diagram given aside. i] Name the part marked 'P. in the diagram. ii] How does 'P. reach part 'B'? iii] State the importance of the part 'C'. iv] What happens to the part marked 'D' after fertilisation is over? Mention the role of gamete and zygote in sexually reproducing organisms.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Unisexual flowers: The flowers in which either the male or the female reproductive organs are present only, are called unisexual flowers. They are called incomplete flowers. They undergo cross-pollination in order to reproduce.
Example: Papaya, Watermelon, Corn, etc.
Bisexual flowers: The flowers in which both the male and female reproductive organs are present, are KNOWN as complete or bisexual flowers. They are capable of SELFPOLLINATION.
Example: Mustard, rose, lily, hibiscus, etc.

OR
i] Part marked with alphabet W. is Pollen GRAIN.
ii] Part marked with alphabet .B. is stigma. Pollen grain reaches to stigma by external agents such as water, winds, insect and birds.
iii] Part marked with alphabet .C. ispollen tube. After the pollen lands on a suitable stigma, it has to reach the female germcells which are in the OVARY. Pollen tube serves this purpose.
iv] Part marked with alphabet .D. is female germ cell. The fusion of male germ cell with the female germ cell resultingin the formation of a single cell known as zygote. After fertilisation, the zygote divides repeatedly to form an embryo which resides inside the seed.
Gametes: sex cells with haploid number of chromosomes.
Zygote: when two gametes of different sex fuses it results in formation of Zygote. It has diploid number of chromosome.
Discussion
3620.

Question : List in tabular form, two distinguishing features between the acquired traits and the inherited traits with one example of each.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3621.

Question : Distinguish between : Solar Cooker and Solar Cell Panel

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3622.

Question : Distinguish between: Recycle and reuse

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3623.

Question : Distinguish between: Puberty stage in male and Puberty stage in female

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3624.

Question : Distinguish between producers and decomposers.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3625.

Question : Distinguish between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase-I of meiosis.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3626.

Question : Distinguish between: Male reproductive system and Female reproductive system

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3627.

Question : Distinguish between homologus organs and analogus organs. In which catagory would you place wings of a bird and wings of a bat? Justify your answer giving a suitable reason.

Answer»

Solution :
Wings of bird and wings of a bat are analogous organs as they have DIFFERENT basic STRUCTURAL design but have SIMILAR appearance and PERFORM similar FUNCTIONS.
Discussion
3628.

Question : Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3629.

Question : Distinguish between : Fossil fuels and Bio fuels

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3630.

Question : Distinguish between external and internal fertilisation.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3631.

Question : Distinguish between : Dominant trait and Recessive trait

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3632.

Question : Distinguish between: Contraceptive mechanical method and Contraceptive chemical method

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3633.

Question : Distinguish between: Coal and Petroleum

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3634.

Question : Distinguish between breathing and respiration.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3635.

Question : Distinguish between: Budding and Sporulation

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3636.

Question : Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. List two effects of each of them on the environment.

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Solution :Biodegradable substances : Substances which can be broken down by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are called biodegradable substances. For example, PAPER, vegetable and fruit peels, human excreta.
Non-biodegradable substances : Substances that cannot be broken down by microorganisms into simpler and harmless substances are called non-biodegradable substances. For example, polythene bags, aluminium cans, DDT, etc.
Effects of biodegradable substances : (i) They produce foul smell causing air pollution. If thrown in water, it will cause water pollution.
(ii) They SERVE as breeding ground for flies and mosquitoes which are carriers of diseases like cholera, typhoid and malaria.
Effects of non-biodegradable substances : (i) Non-biodegradable pesticides and fertilisers RUN off with rain water to water bodies cause water pollution and affect the soil making it acidic or alkaline.
(ii) Some of the non-biodegradable pesticides enter the FOOD chain and affect badly humans and other ORGANISMS.
Discussion
3637.

Question : Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Biodegradable pollutants : These pollutants can be broken down into simpler substances by the ACTION of MICROORGANISMS. They are obtained from living organisms and cause minimum pollution.
Non-biodegradable pollutants : These pollutants cannot be broken down into simpler substances by the action of microorganisms. They are obtained from non-living THINGS and cause a lot of pollution
Discussion
3638.

Question : Distinguish between: Binary fission and Multiple fission

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3639.

Question : Distinguish between: Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3640.

Question : Distinguish between : Artificial selection and Natural selection

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3641.

Question : Distinguish between (a)Somatic gene therapy and germ line gene therapy. (b)Undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells.

Answer»

SOLUTION :SOMATIC gene THERAPY and germ line gene therapy

Undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells.
`{:("Undifferentiated cells ","Differentiated cell "),("Our body is composed of over 200 specialised cell types , that can carry out specificfunction. eg. Neurons or nerve cells that can transmit signals. Pancreatic cellsthat can transmit signals.
Pancreatic cells to secrete insulin. These specialised cells are CALLED as differentiated cells.","The cellswhich are veriablepotency, undifferentiated or unspecialisedmass of cellsare called STEM cells. The stem cells are undifferentiated or unspecialised mass of cells. "):}`
Discussion
3642.

Question : Distinguish between : Acquired characteristics and Hereditary characteristics

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
3643.

Question : Dissulphide bonds acting as polypeptide staples are formed in

Answer»

lysosomes
ER
CYTOSOL
golgi COMPLEX

SOLUTION :N/A
Discussion
3644.

Question : Distal convoluted tubule opens in the loop of Henle.

Answer»


ANSWER :F
Discussion
3645.

Question : Disposable plastic plates should not be used because

Answer»

they are made of material with light weight.
they are made of toxic material.
they are made of biodegradable materials
they are made of non-biodegradable materials.

Solution :Plastic PLATES are made of non-biodegradable materials. THUS, they CAUSE POLLUTION.
Discussion
3646.

Question : Disease of heart and blood vessels: Cardiovascular disease: Deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessel: .................

Answer»

SOLUTION : CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)
Discussion
3647.

Question : Disease called pleurisy is due to

Answer»

INFLAMMATION of the pleura
inflammation of trachea
inflammation of alveoli
none of the above 

ANSWER :A
Discussion
3648.

Question : Discuss the method of breeding for disease resistance.

Answer»

SOLUTION :PLANT diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria and fungi. This affects crop yield. To develop DISEASE resistant VARIETIES of CROPS, that would increase the yield and reduce the use of fungicides and bactericides are important. Some disease resistant varieties are as follows.
Discussion
3649.

Question : Discuss the imporatance of biotechnology in the field of medicine.

Answer»

Solution :Using genetic engineering techniques medicinally IMPORTANT valuable pricins or polypeptides which lom the potential PHARMACEUTICAL products for the treatment of various diseases been developed on a commercial scale.
Pharmaceutical products developed by rDNA technique:
1. Insulin used in the treatment of diabetes.
2. Human growth hormone used for treating children with growth deficiencies.
3. Blood clotting factors are developed to treat haemophilia.
4. Tissue plasminogen activator is used to dissolve blood CLOTS and to prevent HEART attack
5. Development of vaccines against various diseases like hepatitis B and rabies
Discussion
3650.

Question : Discuss spore formation in fungi.

Answer»

Solution :SPORE FORMATION. The SPORES in fungi vary in shape. Spores are usually unicellular, thick-walled, spherical. The thick walls provide protection till these come in contact with other surface and can begin to grow. Sometimes the spores may be multicellular also. Sometimes the spores are produced endogenously in special sac-like asexual reproductive bodies called sporangia. Spores in such cases are called sporangiospores. Spores on falling on ground or SUBSTRATUM grow new hypha, e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicillium.
Discussion