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8501.

Question : What are the factors affecting the rate of enzyme reaction?

Answer»

SOLUTION :(a) Temperature: Heating increases molecules motion. Thus the molecules of the substrate and enzyme MOVE more quickly resulting in a greater probability of occurrence of the reaction. The temperature that promotes maximum activity is referred to as optimum temperature.

(b) pH: The optimum pH is that at which the maximum rate of reaction occurs. thus the pH change leads to an alteraction of enzyme shape, including the active site. if extremes of pH are encountered by an enzyme, then it will be denatured.

(c) Substrate Concentration: For a given enzyme concentration, the rate of an enzyme reaction increases with increasing substrate concentration.
(d) Enzyme Concentration: The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the enzyme concentration.
.
The Michaelis-Menton Constant (Km) and Its Significance:
When the initial rate of reaction of an enzyme is measured over a range of substrate concentrations (with a FIXED amount of enzyme) and the results PLOTTED on a graph. with increasing substrate concentration, the velocity increases-rapidaly at lower substrate concentration.
However the rate increases progressively, above a certain concentration of the substrate the curve flattened out. no further increase in rate occurs.
This shows that the enzyme is working at maximum velocity at this point. on the graph, this point of maximum velocity is shown as `V_(max)`.
Discussion
8502.

Question : What are the external factors affecting fish culture?

Answer»

SOLUTION :External factors affecting fish culture
The factors that affect fish culture are temperature, light RAIN, water, flood, water current, turbidity of water, pH hardness, salinity and dissolved `O_(2)`. Light and temperature also PLAY an important role in fish BREEDING.
Discussion
8503.

Question : What are the excretory organs of crustaceans?

Answer»

SOLUTION :ANTENNAL GLANDS or GREEN glands.
Discussion
8504.

Question : What are the effects of smoking?

Answer»

Solution : Smoking is inhaling the smoke from burning tobacco. There are thousands of known chemicals which includes nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, ammonia, sulphur-dioxide and even small quantities of arsenic. Carbon monoxide and nicotine damage the cardiovascular system and tar damages the gaseous exchange system. Nicotine is the chemical that causes addiction and is a stimulant which makes the heart beat faster and the narrowing of blood vessels results in raised blood pressure and coronary heart diseases. Presence of carbon monoxide reduces oxygen supply. Lung cancer, cancer of the mouth and larynx is more common in smokers than non-smokers. Smoking ALSO causes cancer of the stomach, pancreas and bladder and lowers sperm count in men. Smoking can cause lung diseases by damaging the airways and alveoli and results in emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These two diseases along with asthma are often referred as Chronic Obstructi Pulmonary Disease (COPD). When a person SMOKES, nearly 85% of the smoke released is INHALED by the smoker himself and others in the vicinity, called passive smokers, are also affected. Guidance or counselling should be DONE in such users to WITHDRAW this habit.
Discussion
8505.

Question : What are the effects of hypothyroidism (observed dueing pregnancy) on the development and maturation of a growing baby ?

Answer»

Solution :HYPOTHYROIDISM observed during pregnancy shows deformed development of GROWING foetus. It result in stunted GROWTH (CRETINISM), MENTAL retardation, abnormal rough skin, antidumbness can be observed.
Discussion
8506.

Question : What are the drawback/limitations of Two Kingdom classification system.

Answer»

Solution :The two kingdom system of classification was accepted for a long time.
However, some difficulties arised from this classification as several new living organisms have been discovered.
Some of these difficulties are mentioned below :
(i) The first formed organisms were neither plants and animals.
(ii) Fungi do not show SIMILARITY with structure, physiology and reproductive system of plants.
(iii) It is not easy to recognise the lower organisms as plants or animals. For example, Euglena has dual MODE of nutrition, while sponges are fixed, branched and irregular creatures like plants.
(iv) slime moulds, a group of fungi are WALL - less in vegetative phase. They develop cell wall in the reproductive phase. Slime moulds can neither be placed in fungi nor plants.
(v) Lichens are formed by the symbiotic ASSOCIATION of an alga and fungus. They neither resemble plants nor animals.
(vi) Prokaryotes do not have an organised nucleus. They have single envelope organisation, absence of spindle apparatus, meiosis and sexual reproduction.
Eukaryotes have well-defined nucleus, a double envelop organisation, spindle apparatus, meiosis and sexual reproduction.
On the other hand viruses have no protoplasm and metabolic machinery of their own. THEREFORE all of these cannot be kept in a single group.
(vii) Unicellular algae like diatoms, euglenoids, dinoflagellates and protozoa resemble each other.
Discussion
8507.

Question : What are the disorders related to the excretory system ?

Answer»

Solution :Urinary tract infection: Female's urethra is very short and its external opening is close to the anal opening, hence improper toilet habits can easily carry faecal bacteria into the urethra. The urethral mucosa is continuous with the urinary tract and the inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) can ascend the tract to cause bladder inflammation (cystitis) or even reanl inflammation (pyelitis or pyelonephritis). Symptoms include DYSURIA (painful urination), urinary urgency, FEVER and SOMETIMES CLOUDY or blood tinged urine. When the kidneys are inflammed, back pain and severe headache often occur. Most urinary tract infections can be treated by antibiotics.
Renal Failure (Kidney Failure)- Failure of the kidneys to excrete wastes may lead to accumulation of urea with marked reduction in the urine output. Renal failure are of two types. Acute and chronic renal failure. In acute renal failure the kidney stops its function abruptly, but there are CHANCES for recovery of kidney functions. In chronic renal failure there is a progressicve loss of function of the nephrons which gradually decreases the function of kidneys.
Uremia- Uremia is characterized by increase in urea and other non-protein nitrogenous substances like uric acid and cretinine in blood. Normal urea level in human blood is about `17-30mg //100mL` of blood. The urea concentration rises an 10 times of normal levels during chronic renal failure.
Renal calculi- Renal calcui, also called renal ston or kidney stone or nephrolithiasis, is the formation of hard stone like masses in the renal tubules of renal pelvis. It is mainly due to the accumulation of soluble crystals os salts of sodium oxalates and certain phosphates. This result in sever pain called "renal colid pain" and can cause scars in the kidneys. Renal stones can be removed by techniques like pyleothotomy or lithotripsy.
Glomerulonephritis- It is also clled Bright's disease and is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli of both kidneys and is usually due to post-streptococal infection that occurs in children. Symptoms are haematuria, proteinuria, slat and water retention, oilgouria, hypertensoin and pulmonary oedema.
Discussion
8508.

Question : Explain the disorders of the respiratory system .

Answer»

Solution :Respiratory system is highly affected by environmental, occupational, personal and social factors. These factors may be responsible for a number of respiratory disorders. Some of the disorders are discussed here.
Asthma-It is characterized by narrowing and inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles and difficulty in breathing. Common allergens for asthma are dust, drugs, pollen grains, certain food items like fish, prawn and certain fruits etc.
Emphysema-Emphysema is chronic breathlessness caused by gradual breakdown of the THIN walls of the alveoli decreasing the total surface area of a gaseous exchange. i.e., widening of the alveoli is called emphysema. The major cause for this disease is cigarette smoking, which reduces the respiratory surface of the alveolar walls.
Bronchitis-The bronchi when it gets inflated due to pollution smoke and cigarette smoking, causes bronchitis. The symptoms are cough, shortness of breath and sputum in the lungs.
Pneumonia-Inflammation of the lungs due to infection caused by bacteria or virus is called pneumonia. The common symptoms are sputum production, NASAL congestion, shortness of breath, sore throat, ect.
Tuberculosis-Tuberculosis is caused by Mucobacterium tuberculae. This infection mainly occurs in the lungs and bones. Collection of fluid between the lungs and the chest wall is the main complication of this discase.
Occupational respiratory disorders-The disorders due to one's occupation of working in industries like grinding or stone breaking, construction sites, cotton industries, etc. Dust produced affects the respiratory tracts.
Long exposure can give rise to inflammation LEADING to fibrosis. Silicosis and ASBESTOSIS are occupational respiratory discases resulting from INHALATION of particle of silica from sand grinding and asbestos into the respiratory tract. Workers, working in such industries must wear protective masks.
Discussion
8509.

Question : What are the disadvantages of common names?

Answer»

Solution :(i) A COMMON name may have different MEANINGS in different countries.
(II) Common names may have no relevance to its name EG. Lady.s finger.
(iii) They may mislead e.g. jelly fish, silver fish, STAR fish are not fishes.
Discussion
8510.

Question : What are the difficulties that you would face in classificationof animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Convergent EVOLUTION, adaptive radiations, presence of vestigial organs, etc., usually HINDER in classification of animals. Inspite of differences in structure and form of different animals, there are fundamental FEATURES common to various individuals in relation to the arrangement of cells, body SYMMETRY, nature of coelom, patterns of digestive, circulatory or reproductive systems. These features are used as the basis of animal classification.
Discussion
8511.

Question : What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?

Answer»

Solution :For the classification of living organisms COMMON fundamental characteristics are considered. If we consider SPECIFIC characteristics, then each organism will be placed in a SEPARATE group and the entire objective of classification would not be achieved. Classification of animals is also important in comparing different organisms and judging their individual EVOLUTIONARY significance. If only a SINGLE characteristics is considered, then this objective would not be achieved.
Discussion
8512.

Question : What are the different types of rib bones that form the rib cage?

Answer»

Solution :Thoracic vertebrae RIBS and STERNUM TOGETHER constitute the RIBCAGE.
Discussion
8513.

Question : What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?

Answer»

Solution :Muscles movement: Movement of our limbs, jaws, tongue, ETC., with the help of muscles.
Ciliary movement: Movement of CILIA in trachea, passage of ova through the female reproductive TRACT.
AMOEBOID movement: Macrophages and LEUCOCYTES in blood show this movement like in amoeba.
Discussion
8514.

Question : What are the different types of bone fracture?

Answer»

Solution :These are the common TYPES of fractures,

1. Tranverse- A fracture that is at right angle to the bone's long axis.
2. Oblique non-displaced- A fracture that is diagonal to the bone's long axis and the fractured bone is not displaced from its position.
3. Oblique displaced- A fracture that is diagonal to the bone's long axis and the fractured bone is displaced from its position.
4. Spiral- Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone (common sports fracture).
5. GREENSTICK - Bone breaks incompletely, just like a green twig breaks. It is common in children, because ofthe flexibility of the bones.
6. COMMINUTED- Bone fragmented into three of more pieces. Particularly common in the AGED, Whose bones are brittle (hard but easily broken).
Discussion
8515.

Question : What are the different phases of growth ?

Answer»

Solution :The period of growth is generally divided into THREE phases, namely, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
This can be understood by looking at the root tips.

Detection of zones of elongation by the parallel line TECHNIQUE. Zones A, B, C, D immediately behind the apex have elongated most.
The constantly dividing cells, both at the root apex and the shoot apex represent the meristematic phase of growth.
The cells in this region are rich in protoplasm, possess large conspicuous nuclei.
Their cell walls are PRIMARY in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.
The cells proximal (just next, away from the tip) to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation.
Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this phase.
Further away from the apex, i.e., more proximal to the phase of elongation lies the portion of axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation
The cells of this zone, attain their maximal size in TERMS of wall thickening and protoplasmic MODIFICATIONS.
Discussion
8516.

Question : What are the different groups of earthworms?

Answer»

Solution :There are TWO major groups of earthworms. The humus formers dwell on the SURFACE and feed on organic matter. They are generally DARKER in colour. They are used for vermicomposting. The humus feeders are BURROWING worms that are useful in making the soil porous and mixing and distributing humus throughout the soil.
Discussion
8517.

Question : What are the cyanobacteria ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :BLUE GREEN ALGAE.
Discussion
8518.

Question : What are the conditions necessary for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium? What is their role in Ny-fixation ?

Answer»

Solution :Requires a strong reducing agent and energy in the form of ATP ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENT. For details
Discussion
8519.

Question : What are the conditions necessary for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium? What is their role in N_2 fixation?

Answer»

Solution :There should be NITROGENASE enzyme in Rhizobium to fix atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium.
Root NODULES contain an oxygen scavenger called leg hemoglobin.
The enzyme nitrogenase is highly sensitive to the MOLECULAR oxygen.
It requires an aerobic conditions.
The nodules have adaptations that ensure that the enzyme is protected from oxygen.
To protect these enzymes, the NODULE contains an oxygen scavenger called leg hemoglobin.
Thus leg hemoglobin protects nitrogen from adverse effects of oxygen, takes part in nitrogen fixation and synthesis of ammonia becomes possible by nitrogenase.
Discussion
8520.

Question : What are the composition of algae cell wall.

Answer»

SOLUTION :CELLULOSE and HEMICELLULOSE.
Discussion
8521.

Question : What are the components of the sericulture industry?

Answer»

Solution :(i) Cultivation of food plants for the silkworms,
(ii) Rearing of silkworms, and
(iii) Reeling and spinning of SILK.
The FIRST two are agricultural and the last ONE is an industrial component. Only few species of silkworms are used in the sericulture industry.
Discussion
8522.

Question : What are the components of protoplasm?

Answer»

Solution :Protoplasm is composed of a mixture of SMALL particles, such as IONS, amino acids, monosaccharides, water, macro-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, LIPIDS and POLYSACCHARIDES.
Discussion
8523.

Question : What are the components of food?

Answer»

Solution :The components of food are carbohydrates, PROTEINS, LIPIDE, vitamins, minerals, FIRE and water.
Discussion
8524.

Question : What are the components of blood in frog?

Answer»

SOLUTION :HENCE it is called hypognathous. 26. What are the components of BLOOD in frog? Ans. The blood consists of plasma (60%) and blood cells (40%), red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. RBCs are loaded with red pigment, nucleated and oval in shape. LEUCOCYTES are nucleated, and circular in shape.
Discussion
8525.

Question : What are the components of an annual ring?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Annual ring is FORMED by ONE ring of spring WOOD and one ring of AUTUMN wood.
Discussion
8526.

Question : What are the components of a stele in a dicot stem?

Answer»

Solution :PERICYCLE, MEDULLARY rays, VASCULAR bundles and pith.
Discussion
8527.

Question : What are the chromosome numbers in the following respectively? I. Synergid cell in Apple II. Leaf cell in Allium III. Primary endosperm nucleus in potato IV. Meiocyte of Haplopappus

Answer»

34, 16, 72, 4
17, 16, 72, 2
17, 16, 72, 4
17, 32, 72, 4

Answer :C
Discussion
8528.

Question : Write a note on the classical taxonomical tools.

Answer»

Solution :Taxonomical tools are the tools for the study of CLASSIFICATION of organisms.They include-Taxonomical keys: Keys are based on comparative analysis of the similarities anddissimilarities of organisms.There are separate keys for differnet taxonomic categories.
Museum : Biological Museums have collection of preserved PLANTS and animals for study and ready reference.Specimens of both extinct and living organisms can bestudied.
Zoological parks : These are places where wild animals are KEPT in protected environments under human care. It enables US to study their food habits and behaviour.
MARINE parks : Marine organisms are maintained in protected environments.
Printed taxonomical tools: It consists of identification cards, description, field guides andmanuals.
Discussion
8529.

Question : What are the Chordates and non-chordates ?

Answer»

Solution :NOTOCHORD is a mesodermally DERIVED rod-like structure formed on the dorsal side during EMBRYONIC development in some animals.
Animals with notochord are CALLED chordates and those animals which do not form this structure are called non-chordates, e.g., PORIFERA to echinoderms.
Discussion
8530.

Question : What are the chemical changes in a pyruvic acid molecule before it enters mitochondria ?

Answer»

Solution :PYRUVIC acid undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in which pyruvic acid first loses one `CO_(2)` molecule and then undergoes oxidation in PRESENCE of enzyme dehydrogenase to form acetyl CoA.
(i)PGA is formed during oxygenation of RUBP in the chloroplast or is formed by formation of glycerate in the presence of ATP. PGA molecule ENTER the Calvin cycle to form carbohydrate.
(ii) Glycine is formed by amination of glycoxylate in peroxisome and then enters the mitochondria, where two glycine molecules combine to form serine and `CO_(2)`.
Discussion
8531.

Question : What are the characteristics of platyhelminthes?

Answer»

Solution :They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and hence called flatworms. These animals are bilaterally SYMMETRICAL , triploblastic, ACOELOMATE with organ system level of organisation. They SHOW moderate cephalization and UNIDIRECTIONAL movement. They are, mostly endoparasites of animals including HUMAN beings. Hooks and suckers are present in the parasitic forms and serve as organs of attachment. their body is not segmented, but some exhibite pseudosegmentation.
Discussion
8532.

Question : Write a note on the characteristics of cultivable fishes.

Answer»

Solution : Characteristics of cultivable fishes The SPECIAL characteristic features of cultivable fishes are:
i. Fishes should have high growth rate in short period of culture.
ii. They should accept supplementary diet.
III. They should be hardy enough to resist some common diseases and infection of PARASITES.
iv. Fishes proposed for POLYCULTURE should be able to live together without interfering or attacking other fishes.
V. They should have high conversion efficiency so that they can effectively utilize the food.
Discussion
8533.

Question : What are the characteristic features of leaf?

Answer»

Solution :Characteristics of leaf
1. Leaf is a lateral appendage of the stem.
2. It is borne at the node of the stem.
3. It is exogenous in origin.
4. It has limited growth.
5. It does not posses apical bud.
6. It has THREE main parts NAMELY, leaf base, PETIOLE and lamina.
7. Lamina of the leaf is TRAVERSED by vascular strands, called veins.
Discussion
8534.

Question : What are the characteristic features of respiratory surface?

Answer»

Solution :The surface area of respiratory surface is LARGE and richly SUPPLIED with blood vessels.
It is extremely thin and kept moist.
It is in DIRECT contact with the environment.
It is permeable to respiratory GASES .
Discussion
8535.

Question : What are the characteristic features of Euglenoids?

Answer»

SOLUTION :For ANSWER SEE section-A, Q. No. 12
Discussion
8536.

Question : What are the characteristic differences found in the vascular tissue of gymnosperms and angiosperms ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :The DIFFERENCE between GYMNOSPERMS and ANGIOSPERMS is SHOWN below.
Discussion
8537.

Question : What are the cellular components of blood?

Answer»

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Solution :The CELLULAR components of blood are known as CORPUSCLES. There are three MAIN types of corpuscles: erythrocytes (RED blood CELLS), leucocytes (white blood cells) and blood platelets.
Discussion
8538.

Question : What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?

Answer»

Solution :Bulliform CELLS are ballon type cells LOCATED in grass. These cells lose TURGIDITY and during water stress curl LEAVES inwind. This WAY reduces transpiration.
Discussion
8539.

Question : What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress ?

Answer»

Solution :Bulliform cells are BUBBLES shaped cells present in grasses. Loss of furgor pressure in these cells causes leaf to curl during water stress, THUS REDUCE transpiration
Discussion
8540.

Question : What are the cells of the squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli?

Answer»

Solution :The thin squamous epithclial cells of the ALVEOLI are composed of Type I and Type II cells. Type I cells are very thin so that GASES can diffuse rigidly through them. Type II cells are thicker. They SYNTHESIZE and secrete a substance called surfactant. It LOWERS the SURFACE tension in the alveoli and prevents pulmonary edema.
Discussion
8541.

Question : What are the celhilar components of blood ?

Answer»

Solution :Erythrocytes or RBCS, LEUCOCYTES or WBCs and PLATELETS or THROMBOCYTES.
Discussion
8542.

Question : What are the causes of seed dormancy and how it can be removed ?

Answer»

Solution :Various Causes for Seed Dormancy :
Underdeveloped embryo.
Seed coats impermeable to water.
Mechanically hard and strong seed coats which do not permit germination.
Physiologically immature embryo.
Presence of some germination-inhibiting chemicals. AMONGST them the main one is Abscisic acid.
Amongst hormones, Gibberrelins are absent in dormant seeds.
At this time, ABA remains ACTIVE. It INHIBITS the transcription of genes. As a result, PROPER enzymes are not synthesized.
Removal of Seed Dormancy
Discussion
8543.

Question : What are the break down products of haemoglobin?

Answer»

BILE SALTS
BILIRUBIN and biliverdin
Phospholipids
CHOLESTEROL

SOLUTION :N/A
Discussion
8544.

Question : What are the bones that make the pelvic girdle?

Answer»

Solution :1. The pelvic girdle is aheavy structure specialized for weight bearing. It is composed of two hip bones called coxal bones that secure the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Togethe, with the sacrum and coccyx, the hip bones form the basin-like bony pelvis.
2. Each coxal bone consistsof three fused bones, illium, ischium and publs. At the point of fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis a deep HEMISPHERICAL socket called the acetabulum is present on the lateral surface of the pelvis.
3. It receives the head of the femur or thigh bone at the hip joint and helps in the articulation of the femur.
4. The ilium is the superior flaring portion of the hip bone. Each ilium FORMS a secure joint with the sacrum posteriorly. The ischium is a curved bar of bone. The V-shaped pubic bones articulate anteriorly at the public symphysis.
The Lower Ilmb:
1. The lower limb consists of 30 bones which carries the entire weight of the erectbody.
2. The bones of the lower limbs are thicker and stronger than the upper limbs. The three segments of each lower limb are the thigh, the leg or the shank and the foot.
3. The femur is the single bone of the thigh. It is the largest, longest and strongestbone in the body. The head of femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
4. Two parallel bones, the tibia and fibula, form the skeleton of the shank. A thick, triangular patellaforms the knee cap, which protects the knee joint anteriorly and improves the leverage of thighmuscles acting across the knee.
5. The foot includes the bones of ankle, the tarsus. The metatarsus and thephalanges or toe bones. The foot supports our body weight and acts as a lever to propel the body forward, while WALKING and running.
The tarsus is made up of seven bones called tarsals. The metatarsus consists of five bones called metatarsals. the arrangement of the metatarsals in parallel to each other. There are 14 phalanges in the toes which are smaller than those of the FINGERS.
Discussion
8545.

Question : What are the benefits of regular exercise?

Answer»

Solution :Regular exercises can produce the following beneficial physiological changes:
The muscles used in exercise grow larger and stronger
More enzymes are synthesized in the muscle fibre
Ligaments and tendons become stronger
Influences hormonal activity
Prevents OBESITY
The resting heart rate GOES down
Joints become more flexible
Protection from heart attack.
Improves cognitive functions.
Promotes confidence, esteem.
Aesthetically better with good physique.
Over all well-being with good quality of life.
Prevents depression, stress and ANXIETY.
During muscular exercise, there is an increase in metabolism. The `O_2` need of the muscles is increased. This requirement is met with more oxygen rich RBCs available to the active sites. l11ere is an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. Along with balanced diet. physical activity plays a significant role in strengthening the muscles and bones.
OR
There are more than 100 breeds. The commonly farmed chicken breeds are categorized into five based on the purpose for which it is farmed. They are egg layers, broiler type, dual type, games and ORNAMENTAL types.
1. Egg layers: These are farmed mainly for the production of egg.
Leghorn: This is the most popular commercial breed in India and originated from Italy. They are small, compact with a single comb and wattles with white, brown or black colour. They mature early and begin to lay eggs at the age of 5 or 6 months. Hence these are preferred in commercial farms. They can also thrive well in dry areas.
Chittagong: It is the breed chiefly found in West Bengal. They are golden or light yellow coloured. The beak is long and yellow in colour. Ear lobes and wattles are small and red in colour. They are good egg layers and are delicious.
2. Broiler type: These are well known for fast growth and soft quality meat.
White Plymouth rock: They have white plumage throughout the body. It is commonly used in broiler production. This is an American breed. It is a fast growing breed and well suitable for growing intensively in confined farms.
3. Dual purpose breeds: These are for both meat and egg production purpose.
Brahma: It is a breed popularly known for its massive body having heavy bones, well feathered and proportionate body. Pea comb is one of the important breed characters. It has two COMMON varieties namely, Light Brahma and Dark Brahma.
4. Game breeds: Since ancient times, special breed of roosters have been used for the sport of cockfighting.
Aseel: This breed is white or black in colour. The hens are not good egg layers but are good in incubation of eggs. It is found in all states of India. Aseel is noted for its pugnacity, high stamina. and majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities. Although poor in productivity, this breed is well-known for their meat qualities.
Ornamental breeds: Ornamental chicken are reared as pets in addition to their use for egg production and meat.
Silkie: It is a breed of chicken has a typical fluffy plumage, which is said to feel like silk and satin. The breed has numerous additional special characters, such as black skin and bones, blueearlobes and five toes on each foot, while the majority chickens only have four. They are exhibited inpoultry shows, and come out in various colours. Silkies are well recognized for their calm, friendly temperament. Silkie chicken is especially simple to maintain as pets.
Discussion
8546.

Question : Enumerate the benefits of Poultry Farming.

Answer»

Solution : Benefits of Poultry farming are:
• It does not require high capital for construction and MAINTENANCE of the poultry farming.
• It does not require a big space.
• It ENSURES high return of investment within a very short period of time.
• It provides fresh and NUTRITIOUS food and has a HUGE global demand.
• It provides employment OPPORTUNITIES for the people.
Discussion
8547.

Question : What are the basic layers of the wall of alimentary canal ?

Answer»

Solution :The wall of alimentary canal from OESOPHAGUS to RECTUM possesses four LAYERS. SEROSA, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa.
Discussion
8548.

Question : Whatare the assimilatorypowers produced duringlightreactions ?

Answer»


SOLUTION :ATP and `NADPH + H^(+)`
Discussion
8549.

Question : Enumerate the advantages of vermicompost over chemical fertiliser.

Answer»

Solution :i. Vermicompost is RICH in ESSENTIAL plant nutrients.
ii. It improves soil structure texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion.
iii. Vermicompost is rich in nutrients and an eco-friendly AMENDMENT to soil for farming and terrace gardening.
iv. It enhances SEED germination and ENSURES good plant growth.
Discussion
8550.

Question : What are the advantages of using Chlorella to study photosynthesis than a higher plant?

Answer»

SOLUTION :(i) Chlorella culture is actually a CHLOROPLAST culture SINCE large volume of every cell is occupied by a single chloroplast.
(ii) The greater uniformity of growth can be achieved. (iii) The cells are very rapidly exposed to RADIOACTIVE carbon dioxide and also are quickly killed. Thus handling of TECHNIQUES are easier.
Discussion