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8551.

Question :What are the advantages of duck farming?

Answer»

Solution :Advantages of duck farming:
They can be reared in small backyards where WATER is available and needs LESS care and management as they are very HARDY. They can ADAPT themselves to all types of environmental conditions and are bred for feed efficiency, growth rate and resistance to diseases.
Discussion
8552.

Question :What are the advantages of composite fish farming?

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Solution :The advantages include,
1. All available niches are fully utilized.
2. COMPATIBLE species do not harm each other.
3. No competition among DIFFERENT species is found.
4. Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala (surface feeder) are the commonly used FISH species for composite fish FARMING.
Discussion
8553.

Question : What are the advantages of bilateral synmmetrical animals?

Answer»

Solution :The bilaterally symmetrical ANIMALS can seek food, LOCATE mates, escape from predators and move more EFFICIENTLY. These animals have dorsal VENTRAL sides and anterior, POSTERIOR ends, right and left sides. They exhibit cephalization with sense organs and brain at the anterior end of the animal.
Discussion
8554.

Question : What are the advantages of assigning nomenclature to organisms?

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Solution :ASSIGNING nomenclature or SCIENTIFIC name to organisms have advantages.
• They are universally ACCEPTED.
• Each ORGANISM has unique nomenclature.
• It avoids confusion in naming the organisms.
Discussion
8555.

Question : What are the advantages of artificial insemination ? D

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Solution :1. It increases the rate of conception.
2. It avoids genital diseases
3. SEMEN can be collected from injured bulls which have desibrable TRAITS.
4. Superior animals LOCATED part can be bred successfully.
Discussion
8556.

Question : Explain the advantages of Aquaponics gardening.

Answer»

Solution :Advantages of Aquaponic gardening
Water conservation: No need of water discharge and recharge as the water is maintained by recycling process.
SOIL: BOTTOM soil may be LOADED with freshwater. Microbes in water can convert the waste materials into usable forms like ammonia into nitrates which are used by the plants. Thus the soil fertility is maintained.
Pesticides: In this system use of pesticides is AVOIDED and hence it is eco-friendly.
Weeds: Since the plants are CULTURED in confined conditions, growth of weeds is completely absent. The utilization of nutrient by plants is high in this method.
Artificial food for fishes: In this system plant waste and decays are utilized by fishes as food. So, the need for the use of supplementary feed can be minimized.
Fertilizer usage: Artificial or chemical fertilizers is not required for this system since the plants in the aquaponics utilize the nutrients from the fish wastes dissolved in water.
Discussion
8557.

Question : What are taxonomical aids ? Give the importance of herbaria and Museums. How are botanical garden and Zoological parks useful in conserving biodiversity ?

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Solution :Looks which help the scientists in studying about plants and animal species are called taxonomical aids. It could be in the form of preserved document like herbaria or specimen kept at museums or scientific institution. Other aids can be in the form of written documents like monograph, TAXONOMIC KEYS, couplets etc.
Importance of Herbaria :
(a) These are used for identification of plants.
(b) Compilation of floras, monographs and manuals are mainly BASED on the specimens in herbaria.
(c) Herbaria are useful in locating wild varieties and relatives of economically important plants.
(d) They help in knowing the morphological variations found in species.
(e) Herbaria are useful for research in plant TAXONOMY, morphology, ecological distribution etc.
Importance of Museums : Museums have much wider collection of plants and animal specimen
Museums may also have skeletons of many extinct animals.
Museums offers more options of finding rich information while studying about a plant or animals.
 They serve as important tool of study for students as well as for the scientists community
Role of Botanical and Zoological park in conserving Biodiversity. : Botanical Garden helps in conservation of plants by,
(i) Planting important local plant species and KEEPING record of them.
(ii) planting and maintaining rare and endangered species.
(iii) Supplying seeds for different aspects of botanical research.
Zoological park :
(i) Providing natural environment for wild life species.
(ii) Give them protection from predators.
(iii) Involving the rescue of endangered species.
(iv) Facilitating breeding of animals and releasing them free.
Discussion
8558.

Question : What are tendons? Where are they present?

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SOLUTION :Tendons are thick bundles of collagen fibres RUNNING PARALLEL to each other with rows of fibrocytes in between. Tendons JOIN skeletal muscles to bones.
Discussion
8559.

Question : What are taxonomical aids ?

Answer»

Solution :Taxonomic studies of various species of plants, animals and other organisms are USEFUL in agriculture, forestry, industry and in general in knowing our bio-resources and their diversity.
These studies would REQUIRE correct classification and identification of organisms.
Identification of organisms requires intensive laboratory and field studies.
The COLLECTION of actual specimens of plants and animal species is essential and is the prime source of taxonomic studies.
These are also fundamental to studies and essential for training in SYSTEMATICS. It is used for classification of an organism, and the information gathered is also stored along with the specimens.
In some cases the specimen is preserved for future studies.
Biologists have established certain procedures and techniques to store and preserve the information as well as the specimens.
Some of these are explained to help us to understand the USAGE of these aids.
Discussion
8560.

Question : What is Tactile Merkel's disc?

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Solution :TACTILE merkel disc is light TOUCH receptor lying in the DEEPER LAYER of epidermis.
Discussion
8561.

Question : What aresymmetrical animals ?

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SOLUTION :The animals which lack a definite body plan and any PLANE PASSING through the centre of the body does not divide them into two equal HALVES are known as asymmetrical animals. E.g. Sponges.
Discussion
8562.

Question : What are subsidiary or accessory cells?

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SOLUTION :The CELLS surrounding the guard cells which differ from epidermal CELL are CALLED subsidiary cells.
Discussion
8563.

Question : What are sub aerial stems? Give Examples.

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Solution :Sub aerial STEMS are FOUND in PLANTS with weak stem in which BRANCHES lie horizontally on the GROUND. These are meant for vegetative propagation. Eg: Centella.
Discussion
8564.

Question : What are sub aerial stem modifications? Explain the types of sub aerial stem modifications?

Answer»

Solution :Sub aerial stem FOUND in plants with weak stem in which branches lie HORIZONTALLY on the ground. These are meant for vegetative PROPAGATION. Types of sub aerial stem modifications:
1. Runner: Slender, prostrate branch creeping on the ground and rooting at the nodes. Eg: Centella, Oxalis.

2. Stolon : Slender, lateral branch originating from the base of the stem. But it first grows obliquely above the ground, produces a loop and bends down towards the ground. When touches the ground it produces roots and becomes an independent plantlet. Eg: Mentha piperita, Fragaria.

3. Sucker: Sucker develops from a UNDERGROUND stem and grows obliquely upwards and gives rise to a separate plantlet or new plant. Eg: Chrysanthemum.

4. Offset: Offset is similar to runner but found in aquatic plants ESPECIALLY in rosette leaved forms. A short thick lateral branch arises from the lower axil and grows horizontally leafless for a short 1 distance, then it produces a bunch of rosette leaves and root at nodes. Eg: Eichhornia.
Discussion
8565.

Question : What are stipules ? State its functions.

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Solution :STIPULES are the TWO lateral appendages develop at the leaf BASE of DICOT plants. Stipules PROTECTS the leaf in bud condition.
Discussion
8566.

Question : What are stipulate & exstipulate leaves ?

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SOLUTION :(i) LEAVES with STIPULES are called stipulate leaves.
(ii) Leaves WITHOUT stipules are called exstipulate or estipulate leaves.
Discussion
8567.

Question : What are stipels ?

Answer»

Solution :SOMETIMES, SMALL STIPULE like OUTGROWTHS are found at the base of leaflets of a compound leaf. They are called stipels.
Discussion
8568.

Question : What are steroids?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Organic COMPOUNDS have STEROL RING and fat-like PROPERTIES
Discussion
8569.

Question : What are stem cells? Explain their role in the field of medicine.

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Solution :(i) Stem cells are unifferentiated cells found in most of the mutli cellular animals. Stem cells are capable of self renewal and exhibit .cellular potency..
(ii) In MAMMALS there are two main types of stem cells - embroyonic stem cells ( ES cells) and ADULT stem cells. They are isolated from cell mass of a blastocyst.
(iii) ES cells are pluripotent and can produce the three primary germ layers ectoderm, MESODERM and endoderm. Embryonic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a number of types of cells.
(iv) An adult stem cells or somatic stem cell can divide and create another cell SIMILAR to it. They are multipotent and can act as a repair system of the body, replenishing adult tissues. The red bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells.
Applications :
(i) The most important and potential application of HUMAN stem cells is the generation of cells and tissues that could be used for cell based therapies.
(ii) Human stem cells could be used to test new drugs.
(iii) Stem cell banking : (a) Extraction , processing and storage of stem cells, so that they many be used for treatment infuture. Amniotic cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use (b) Cord Blood banking is extraction of stem cells from umbilical cord during child birth. placenta, amniotic sac are also rich sources of stem cells.
Discussion
8570.

Question : What are sporophylls ?

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SOLUTION :1. Sporophylls are the SPECIAL leaves on which SPORE bearing sporangia are BORNE.
2. Sporophylls organize to FORM strobilus or cone.
Discussion
8571.

Question : What are spinal nerves?

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SOLUTION :The 31 pairs of nerves which EMERGE out from the spinal cord through spaces called the intervertebral foramina found between the adjacent VERTEBRAE are the spinal nerves.
Discussion
8572.

Question : What are spherosomes associated with?

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SOLUTION :SYNTHESIS and STORAGE of LIPIDS.
Discussion
8573.

Question : The central nervous system has cranial and spinal nerves.

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SOLUTION :The 31 pairs of nerves which emerge out from the spinal cord through spaces called the intevertebral FORAMINA FOUND between the adjacent vertebrae are the spinal nerves.
Discussion
8574.

Question : What are species of Prawn distributed in water bodies?

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SOLUTION :Species of prawn
A number of species of prawn are DISTRIBUTED in WATER resources such as Penaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon, Metapenaeus dobsoni and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Discussion
8575.

Question : What are sinusoids ? Where are they found ?

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Solution :BLOOD VESSELS lined with discontinuous ENDOTHELIUM having PHAGOCYTES, found in liver, spleen and bone marrow.
Discussion
8576.

Question : What are solanocytes?

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SOLUTION :The specialized excretory CELLS of flatworms, flame cells are CALLED SOLANOCYTES.
Discussion
8577.

Question : What are silica cells ?

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SOLUTION :Some of the epidermal CELLS of the grass are FILLED with SILICA. They are CALLED silica cells.
Discussion
8578.

Question : What are simple tissues ? Mention its types.

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Solution :Simple TISSUES are composed of ONE type of cells only. The cells are structurally and functionally similar. It is of three types.
1. Parenchyma, 2. Collenchyma and 3. Sclerenchyma
Discussion
8579.

Question : What are sieve tubes ? Explain.

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Solution :SIEVE ELEMENTS: Sieve elements are the conducting elements of the pholem. Thtey are of two types, namely sieve cells and sieve tubes.
Sieve Cells: These are primitive type of conducting elements found in Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Sieve cells have sieve areas on their lateral walls only. Thtey are not associated with COMPANION cells.
Sieve Tubes: Sieve tubes are long tube like conducting elements in the phloem. These are FORMED from a series of cells called sieve tube elements. The sieve tube elements are arranged one above the other and form vertical sieve tube. The end wall contains a number of pores and it looks like a sieve. So it is called as sieve plate. The sieve elements show nacreous thickenings on their lateral walls. They may posses simple or sompound sieve plates. The runction of sieve tubes are believed to be controlled by companion cells.
In mature sieve tube. Nucleus is absent. It contains a lining layer of cytoplasm. A special protein (P. Protein= Phloem Protein) called slime body is seen in it. In mature sieve tubes. the pores in the sieve plate are blocked by a substance called callose (callose plug). The conduction of FOOD material takes place through cytoplasmic strands. Sieve tubes occur only in Angiosperms.
Discussion
8580.

Question : What are siderophores ?

Answer»

Solution :Siderophores (iron carriers) are Iron chelating AGENTS PRODUCED by BACTERIA. They are used to chalate FERRIC Iron `(Fe^(3+))` from environment and host.
Discussion
8581.

Question :What are short day plants?

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SOLUTION :The exposure of the plant to light for a period less than the critical day LENGTH for flowring such plant are CALLED as short day PLANTS.
Discussion
8582.

Question : What are sex pili? Give their function.

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Solution :These are hair-like evaginations of male bacterial plasma MEMBRANE. These help in binding the FEMALE bacterium during CONJUGATION
Discussion
8583.

Question : Where are sclerites present in cockroach?

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Solution :In each SEGMENT of the body of cockroach,EXOSKELETON has hardened PLATES called sclerites.
Discussion
8584.

Question : What are sclereids ?

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Solution :Sclereids are SHORT, broad and are FOUND INDIVIDUALLY or in small groups. They are FORMED bysecondary thickening ofparenchyma cells.
Discussion
8585.

Question : What are SAT chromosomes?

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Solution :CHROMOSOMES having an secondary constriction CALLED SATELLITE.
Discussion
8586.

Question : What are sarcodines?

Answer»

Solution :Sarcodines are AMOEBOID PROTOZOANS which show PSEUDOPODIA for LOCOMOTION and feeding,
Discussion
8587.

Question : What are root stocks ? What are its function?

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Solution :Perennial and some biennial herbs have underground STEMS, which are GENERALLY KNOWN as root stocks. Root stock functions as a STORAGE and protective organ.
Discussion
8588.

Question : What are ribophorins ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :GLYCOPROTEINS in ER CISTERNAE that BIND the ribisomes
Discussion
8589.

Question : What are restriction points? Mention its role in Cell cycle.

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SOLUTION :The checkpoint called the restriction point at the end of `G_(1)`, it determines a cells FATE whether it will CONTINUE in the cell cycle and divide or enter a stage called `G_(0)` as a QUIESCENT stage and probably as specified cell or die.
Discussion
8590.

Question : What are respiratory substrates ? Name the most common respiratory substances.

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SOLUTION :The compounds which are oxidizedduringrespiration are CALLED respiratorysubstrates. Most common RESPIRATORYSUBSTANCE is GLUCOSE.
Discussion
8591.

Question : What are Quantosomes?

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SOLUTION :QUANTOSOMES are small, rounded photosynthetic UNITS PRESENT in thylakoids.
Discussion
8592.

Question : What are pyrenoids ?

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Solution :They are PROTEINACEOUS BODIES FOUND in chloroplasts of ALGAE and store starch.
Discussion
8593.

Question : What are pseudocoelomates ?

Answer»

Solution :The ANIMALS which have the body cavity that is not fully lined by the mesodermal epithelium are called PSEUDOCOELOMATES. The pseudocoel is FILLED with pseudocoelomic fluid. It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton and allows FREE movement of visceral organs and circulation of nutrients e.g. Roundworms.
Discussion
8594.

Question : What is protoxylem lacuna?

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Solution :In the MATURE vascular bundle of monocot STEM, the lowest PROTOXYLEM disintegrates and forms a cavity CALLED as protoxylem lacuna.
Discussion
8595.

Question : What are protostomes?

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Solution :ANIMALS in which MOUTH develops FIRST and anus LATER
Discussion
8596.

Question : What are protobionts ?

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Solution :(i) Abiotically PRODUCED molecules can spontaneously self assemble into droplets that encolse a WATERY solution and maintain a chemical environment DIFFERENT from their surroundings. Scientists CALL these spheres as .protobionts..
(ii) This is the basis of biological EVOLUTION.
Discussion
8597.

Question : Write about proteins

Answer»

Solution :Proteins are POLYMERS of 20 different AMINO acids, each of which has a distinct SIDE chain with specific chemical properties. Each protein has a unique amino acid sequence which determines its 3D STRUCTURE.
Discussion
8598.

Question : What are prop roots ? Give an example.

Answer»

SOLUTION :PROP (Pillar) roots grow vertically DOWNWARD from the lateral branches into the soil. e.g. FICUS benghalensis (banyan tree) and Indian rubber.
Discussion
8599.

Question : What is a prosthetic group?

Answer»

Solution :PROSTHETIC groups are organic MOLECULES that assist in catalytic FUNCTION of an ENZYME. EXAMPLE: Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
Discussion
8600.

Question : What are prokaryotes ? Give one example.

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Solution :Organisms WITHOUT an ORGANIZED nucleus, BACTERIA.
Discussion