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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 16301. |
Question : How does a detritivore differ from a decomposer ? Explain with an example each. |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 16302. |
Question : How do you use the biotechnology in modern practice ? |
| Answer» Solution :In MODERN practice , biotechnology is used in the DEVELOPMENT of herbicide resistance PLANTS, improved crop VARIETIES , producing pharma products like insulin , developing vaccines, DIAGNOSING genetic diseases and desiging drgus etc. | |
| 16303. |
Question : How do you express the meaning of words like race, breed, cultivars or variety? |
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Answer» Solution :Race is a group of people who share similar and distinct PHYSICAL characteristics. e.g Mongoloid, Caucasoid. Nerroid races of man. A group ofanimals related by descent and similar in most characters like general appearance, features, size, CONFIGURATION, etc., are said to BELONG to a breed. e.g Jersey, Sindhi, HOLSTEIN breeds of cow. A CULTIVAR is a plant or grouping ofplants selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propagation. e.g Fusa Gaurav of mustard. A taxonomic category that ranks below species, its members differing from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics is called variety. e.g cauliflower and cabbage. |
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| 16304. |
Question : How do you distinguish between humification andmineralization ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Humification leads to accumulation of a dark coloured AMORPHOUS substance humus that is HIGHLY resistant to microbial action and under GOES decomposition at an extremely slow rate. Being colloidal in nature it serves as a reservoir of nutrients. Mineralisation : The humus is further degraded by some microbes and RELEASE of inorganic nutrients occure by the process known as mineralisation. |
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| 16305. |
Question : How do you call the fertilized ovule ? |
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Answer» Embryo |
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| 16306. |
Question : How do you call? (a) the study of wines (b) the study of fermentation process. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Oenology (B) Zymology (b) Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum. (C) For the discovery of PENICILLIN - an antibiotic. (d) Penicillin (E) Penicillin is a bactericidal in action and inhibits the SYNTHESIS of bacterial cell wall. (f) Penicillin was discovered in 1926. |
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| 16307. |
Question : How do we compute the age of a rock ? |
| Answer» Solution :Age of rock is computed by radiocarbon dating. (i) Potassium - Argon dating. (II) URANIUM - LEAD dating (III) Rubidium-strontium dating method. | |
| 16308. |
Question : How do we compute the age of a fossil or a rock ? |
| Answer» Solution :Age of a fossil or ROCK is COMPUTED by absolute dating method involving either Uranium -LEAD TECHNIQUE or CARBON `(C^14)` dating technique or Potassium -Argon technique | |
| 16309. |
Question : How do we compute the age of a living tree? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Age of the living tree is calculated by counting the number of ANNUAL rings or by the radioactive CARBON dating. This is CALLED as Dendrochronology. | |
| 16310. |
Question : How do we compute the age of a fossil ? |
| Answer» Solution :To COMPUTE the age of a FOSSIL, we use radiocarbon DATING. (0 Uranium-Lead Method (ii) Potassium-Argon Method (iii) Electron-Spin RESONANCE Method. | |
| 16311. |
Question : How do the pollen grains of Vallisneria protect themselves? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :In Vallisneria, the female FLOWER stalk is coiled to REACH the WATER SURFACE to receive the pollen grains carried by water current. | |
| 16312. |
Question : How do the pills prevent pregancy ? |
| Answer» Solution :The ORAL contraceptice PILLS inhibit ovulation and implantation, and alter the quality of cervical MUCUS to retard the ENTRY of SPERMS. | |
| 16313. |
Question : How do the humans regulate to cope with varying temperature? |
| Answer» Solution :The mechanisms used by most MAMMALS to regulate their body temperature to MAINTAIN a constant body temperature. In SUMMER when outside temperature is more than our body temerature, we sweat profusely. Evaporation RESULTS in cooling that brings down the body temperature to normal. We start to shiver when external temperature goes down, which PRODUCES heat and raises the body temperature. | |
| 16314. |
Question : How do the increase and the decrease in the value of 'r' affect the population size? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The value of .r" is AFFECTED by INCREASE or DECREASE in birth RATES and death rates. | |
| 16315. |
Question : How do the following assisted reproductive technologies assist the coupies to have children? a) In Vitro Fertilization b) Zygote intra Fallopian Transfer c) Gamete intra fallopian Transfer |
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Answer» Solution :a) In Vitro FERTILIZATION:-It involves fertilization of ovum outside the body followed by embryo transfer. This technique is popularly known as a test TUBE baby. b) Zygote intra Fallopian Transfer -ZIFT:-The zygote or early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube. c) Gamete intra Fallopian Transfer-GIFT:-LT is the transfer of an ovum COLLECTED from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one but can provide suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo. |
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| 16316. |
Question : How do the back cross and test cross differ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :A back cross is between a HYBRID organism and any ONE of the parents, a test cross is between a hybrid organism and a RECESSIVE parent. | |
| 16317. |
Question : How do stenothemal organisms differ from eurythermal organisms ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Eurythermal : ORGANISMS that can tolerate and THRIVE in wide RANGE of temperatures Stenothermal : Organisms restricted to a NARROW range of temperature. |
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| 16318. |
Question : How do scientists extrapolate the total number of species on Earth ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Scientists make a statistical comparison of the temperate-tropical species RICHNESS of an EXHAUSTIVELY STUDIED group of insects and extrapolate this ratio to other groups of animals and plants to come up with a gross estimate of the total number of species on earth. | |
| 16319. |
Question : How do some species of insects and frogs avoid being detected easily by the predators ? |
| Answer» Solution :Some species of INSECTS and FROGS are cryptically-coloured camouflaged to AVOID being detected easily by the PREDATOR | |
| 16320. |
Question : How do protocooperation and mutualism resemble and differ ? |
| Answer» Solution :The TWO PARTICIPATING species are benefitted in both protocooperation and mutualism , but they can live EQUALLY well separately in the FORMER and not in the latter. | |
| 16321. |
Question : How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart? |
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Answer» Reduce both HEART RATE and CARDIAC OUTPUT |
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| 16322. |
Question : How do organisms living in different habitat manage with stressful conditions ? |
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Answer» Solution :• During the course of millions of years of their existence, many organisms have evolved a relatively constant internal environment, which allows all the biochemical reactions to proceed with maximum efficiency. • Their constant internal environment (maintained by homoestasis) could be in terms of optimal temperature, osmotic concentration of body muids etc. • Other organisms COPE with the situation by the following: • (a) Regulation : Homeostasis is maintained in organisms by physiological and/ or behavioural means to ensure a constant body temperature (thermoregulation),osmotic concentration(osmoregulation) etc. • (b) CONFORMATION : A constant internal environment can not be maintained by most of the animals and nearly all plants. • Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. • There is change in osmotic concentration of body fluids of aquatic animals with ambient water or osmotic concentration. • Thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organisms particularly for small organisms like shrews and humming birds. • Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area. • Small animals have a larger suface area relative to their volume, they tend to lose body heat very fast when it is cold outside, then they have to expend much energy to generate body heat through metabolism. • Because of this very small animal are rarely found in polar regions. • (c) Migrate : The organisms can move away temporarily from the stressful habitat to a more hospitable area and return when stressful period is over. • It is like man living in hot regions move to HILL stations during summer. • Many animals, particularly birds, during winter undertake long distance migrations to more hospitable areas. • Every winter the famous Keolado National Park (Bharatpur)in Rajasthan host thousands of migratory birds coming from Siberia and other extremely cold northern regions. • (d) Suspend : In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various kinds of thick walled spores are help them to survive unfavourable conditions- these germinate on availability of suitable environment. • In higher plants, seeds and some other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of STRESS besides helping in dispersal-they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature conditions. • They enter in the state of dormancy. • In animals, the organism, if unable to migrate, might avoid the stress by escaping in time. • The familiar case of BEARS going into hibernation during winter is an example of escape in time. • Some snails and fish go into aestivation to avoid summer-related problems - heat and dessication. • Under unfavourable conditions many zooplanktons species in lakes and ponds are known to enter diapause, a stage of suspended development. 
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| 16323. |
Question : How do organisms like fungi, zooplanktons and bears overcome the temporary short-lived climatic stressful conditions? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Fungi - Produce thick walled spores to SURVIVE UNFAVORABLE condition. (b) Zooplanktons - Diapause to suspend DEVELOPMENT. (c) BEAR - Undergo hibernation in winter. |
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| 16324. |
Question : How do organisms cope with stressful external environmental conditions whichare localised or of short duration ? |
| Answer» Solution :The following methods are employed by organisms to cope with stressful conditions: (i) Migrate TEMPORARILY from the stressful habitat to a hospitable area, (ii) Suspend activities, (iii) form thick walled spores, (IV) form dormant seeds (V) hibernate during winter, (vi) aestivate during summer, (vii) Planktons UNDERGO diapause. | |
| 16325. |
Question : How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants harbouring them? |
| Answer» Solution :Mycorrhizal FUNGI help plants by (a) ABSORBING PHOSPHORUS from the SOIL and transferring it to host cells. (b) Imparting RESISTANCE to the host plant against soil pathogens. (c) Helping plant to tolerate salinity and drought. (d) Absorbing water. (e) Releasing growth hormone. | |
| 16326. |
Question : How do microorganisms harm the crop ? |
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Answer» Solution :A WIDE range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, affect the yield of cultivated crop species, especially in tropical climates. Crop losses can often be significant, up to 20-30 per cent or sometimes even total. In this SITUATION, breeding and development of cultivars resistant to disease enhances food production. This also helps reduce the dependence on use of fungicides and bacteriocides. Resistance of the host plant is the ability to prevent the pathogen from CAUSING disease and is determined by the genetic constitution of the host plant. Before breeding is undertaken it is IMPORTANT to know about the causative organism and the MODE of transmission. Some of the disease caused by fungi are rusts, e.g. brown rust of wheat, red rot of sugar cane and late blight of potato by bacteria black rot of crucifers and by viruses-tobacco mosaic, turnip mosaic etc. |
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| 16327. |
Question :How do microbes reduce the environmental degradation caused by chemicals ? |
| Answer» Solution : Chakravarthy Bug is a SUPER bug of Pseudomonas with multiple plasmid.They are helpful in remoýing OIL spills. Other BACTERIA are Coliform, Clostridium, MICROCOCCUS. | |
| 16328. |
Question : How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants harbouring them ? |
| Answer» Solution :The mycorrhizal fungi absorb PHOSPHORUS from the soil and TRANSFER them to the host cells. They ALSO impart resistance to host plants against root pathogens. They also help plant TOLERATE salinity and draught. | |
| 16329. |
Question : How do Lead and Arsenic affect human health? |
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Answer» Solution :I. Lead causes anaemia, VOMITING, loss of appetite, convulsions, damage of brain, liver and kidney. II. Arsenic causes disturbed peripheral circulation, MENTAL disturbance, liver cirrhosis, hyperkeratosis, lung cancer, ULCERS in gastrointestinal TRACTS and kidney damage. |
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| 16330. |
Question : How do interferons help in controlling the disease? |
| Answer» Solution :Role of Interferons: Interferons are biological RESPONSE modifiers that activate IMMUNE SYSTEM of the BODY. The activated immune system detects and destroys tumour cells. | |
| 16331. |
Question : How do histones acquire positive charge ? |
| Answer» Solution :EUKARYOTES, this organisation is MUCH more complex. There is a set of positively charged basic, proteins called histories. APROTEIN acquires charged depending upon the abundance of amino acids residues With charged side chains. Histories are rich in the basic amino acid residues LYSINES and arginines. Both the amino acid residues carry positive charges in their side chains. Histones are rich in the basic amino acid residues lysines and orginines, Which carrypositive charges in their side chains. Therefore, these are positively charged. | |
| 16332. |
Question : How do genes and chromosomes share similarity from the point of view of genetical studies ? |
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Answer» Solution :Similarities between CHROMOSOMES and Genes: = (i) Both occur in PAIRS. (ii) Both segregate during the time of gamete FORMATION such that only one of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. (because of meiosis) (III) Pairs segregate independently of each other in both. |
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| 16333. |
Question : How do forests help in maintaining the climate? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Forests play a major role in regulating the `CO_2`LEVEL in the atmosphere. As the result global WARMING in HIGHLY reduced. | |
| 16334. |
Question : How do ecologists estimate the total number of species present in the world ? |
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Answer» Solution :Ecologists make a STATISTICAL comparison of the species richness of systematically studied groups of insects of the TEMPERATE and tropical REGIONS and extrapolate this RATIO to the other groups of animals and plants. It is to calculate the gross estimate of the total number of species existing on this planet. |
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| 16335. |
Question : How do ecologists estimate the total number of species present in the world? |
| Answer» Solution :It is difficult to answer that how many species are there on earth. According to the IUCN (International Union of CONSERVATION of Nature), the TOTAL number of animal and plant species is more than 1.5 million. It is doubtful that how many of the species are yet to be discovered and described. For many taxonomic groups, species inventories are more complete in temperate than in tropical countries. Many of the species waiting to be discovered are in the tropics. Biologists often make STATISTICAL comparison of the temperate-tropical species richness of the studied group of INSECTS and tried to CALCULATE this ratio to other groups of plants and animals in order to provide gross estimate of the total number of species on earth. Accordingly Robert May explained that the total global species biodiversity is around 7 million. | |
| 16336. |
Question : How do drugs affect the lifestyle of sportspersons ? |
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Answer» Solution :Misuse of drugs is what certain sportspersons do to enhance their performance. They use narcotic analgesics, ANABOLIC steroids, diuretics and certain hormones in sports to increase muscle strength and bulk and to promote aggressiveness and as a result increase athletic performance. The side effects of using anabolic steroids in females INCLUDE masculinisation (features like male), increased aggressiveness, MOOD swings, depression, ABNORMAL menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth on the face and body, enlargement of clitoris, deepening of voice. In males it includes acne, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, potential for kidney and liver dysfunction, breast enlargement, premature baldness, enlargement of the prostate gland. These effects may be permanent with prolonged use, in the adolescent male or female, severe facial and body acne. Premature closure of the growth centers of the long bones may result in stunted growth. |
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| 16337. |
Question : How do Dolphin and Penguin show convergent evolution? |
| Answer» Solution :Both Dolphin and Penguin are ADAPTED to SWIM in water with the HELP of flippers. Flippers of Dolphin (a mammal) are modified forelimbs, whereas flippers of Penguin (a bird) are modified wings (modifications of forelimbs). These are analogous organs as they are similarly modified different STRUCTURES Development of functionally similar structures in unrelated ORGANISMS is called convergent evolution. | |
| 16338. |
Question : How do Darwins finches illustrate adaptive radiation ? |
| Answer» Solution :Charles Darwin, during his VISIT to Galapagos ISLANDS , found that CLOSELY related passerine birds called Darwin's finches differed primarily in body size, feather colour and bill shape as adaptation to type of food available on islands. All these species evolved in different DIRECTIONS from COMMON ancestral form and adapted to new invaded habitats and to modes of life necessary there. This is phenomenon is called adaptive radiation | |
| 16339. |
Question : How do Dioscorea reproduce vegetatively ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :DIOSCOREA REPRODUCES vegetatively by MEANS of BULBILS. | |
| 16340. |
Question : How do Darwin and Hugo de varies differ regarding mechenism of evolution ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Darwom: DARWINIAN VARIATION are SMALL, gradual and directional Hugo de Varies : Variation are SUDDEN, random and directionless. |
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| 16341. |
Question : How do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :By MEANS of direct mechanisms against the invalding agent or by ACTIVATING mechanjisms for CELLS such as NK cells and marcrophages | |
| 16342. |
Question : How do connecting links differ from missing links? Give one example of each. |
| Answer» Solution :LIVING organisms that possess characters of two different groups of living organisms are CALLED connecting links, e.g., PERIPATUS. On the other HAND, the fossil organisms that had characters of two different groups of living organisms are called missing links, e.g., Archaeopteryx | |
| 16343. |
Question : How do closely related species of alligators, at present, occur only in South-eastern United States and Eastern China? Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :North American CONTINENT was connected with Eastern ASIA in early Coenozoic era by a land bridge in the Bering Strait region. The climate of the whole region was much warmer than at present, and the alligators were distributed over the entire region. In late Coenozoic, due to glaciation (ice age), extinction of alligators took place. But alligators survived in South-eastern United States and Eastern CHINA. Since the alligators of these regions have been separated for a long time, they have developed random mutations and have become slightly DIFFERENT. | |
| 16344. |
Question : Howdo catalytic converters work ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :PLATINUM , palladium and rhodium metals act as catalystsin catalyticconverters . Catalyticconvertersare fillted intocarbons dioxiseand water . Carbon MONOXIDE and nitric oxide also changeto `O_(2)` and `N_(2)` GASES. | |
| 16345. |
Question : How do CFCs affect ozone layer? |
| Answer» Solution :CFCS discharged in the lower part of the ATMOSPHERE move upward and reach stratosphere. In the stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing C1 atoms. C1 atoms degrades ozone by releasing molecular oxygen. | |
| 16346. |
Question :How do bioactive molecules of fungal origin help in restoring good health of humans? |
| Answer» Solution :Bioactive molecules produced by fungi are (a) Cyclosporin A produced by fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Tolypocladium inflatum. It is used as immune suppressor and inhibits activation of T-cell response. It HELPS in organ transplant. (b) Statins are SYNTHESISED by yeast Monascus purpureus. These are used in LOWERING blood cholesterol level. (c) Penicillin is synthesised by FUNGUS Penicillium notatum. It was the first antibiotic used against bacterial infection. | |
| 16347. |
Question : How do biofertilizers enrich the fertility of the soil ? |
| Answer» Solution :By FIXING ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen into the SOIL. like bacteria and FUNGI. | |
| 16348. |
Question :How do biofertilisers enrich the fertility of the soil ? |
| Answer» Solution :Biofertilisers are very useful in FERTILITY of SOIL. Biofertilisers are such organisms that ENRICH the soil with NUTRIENTS e.g. Rhizobium bacteria fixes nitrogen in the soil. | |
| 16349. |
Question :How do bioactive molecules of fungal origin help in restoring good health of humans ? |
| Answer» Solution : A bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is USED as an immuno suppressive agent in organtransplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been COMMERCIALISED as blood-cholesterol LOWERING AGENTS. It acts by competitively inhibiting the ENZYME responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. | |
| 16350. |
Question : How do B-cells of the immune system respond to antigens? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :FORM ANTIBODIES | |