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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 16351. |
Question :How do animals like fish and snails avoid summer related unfavorable conditions? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Fish and snails undergoe aestivation. i.e., summer sleep to AVOID UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS. | |
| 16352. |
Question :How do animals like fishes and bears avoid unfavourable climatic conditions? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Fishes UNDERGO aestivation to avoid SUMMER related roblems. Bears undergo hibernation to avoid WINTER related problems. | |
| 16353. |
Question : How did pollutionof environmentstart ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Withincreases in humanpopluation and industrializtion, THEWASTE materialsmultipliedin amountas WELL as in KIND ,and thesepolluted the ENVIRONMENT . | |
| 16354. |
Question : How did Mendel make sure that the pea plants were true breeding? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :On SELFING ,he found that true breeding plants PRODUCES the same TYPE of plants. | |
| 16355. |
Question : How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation theory ? |
| Answer» Solution :Louis Pasterur showed that in pre-sterilized flasks, life did not come from KILLED yeast while in another flask open to AIR new ORGANISMS AROSE form killed veast. | |
| 16356. |
Question : How did Louis Pasteur successfully demolish the popular theory of spontaneous generation? |
| Answer» Solution :It was BELIEVED that living organisms (life) arose from DECAYING matter like straw. But Louis Pasteur demonstrated that life can arise only from preexisting life. He SAID that no life arose from the heat-killed yeast BROTH that was KEPT in a pre-sterilised flask kept closed, while new living organisms arose from the heat killed yeast that was kept jn the flask left open. | |
| 16357. |
Question : How did human being obtain food in older time ? |
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Answer» Hunting of ANIMALS |
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| 16358. |
Question : How did industrial revolution in England offer an example to natural selection? |
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Answer» Solution :Industrial melanism in peppered moths : Before 1840 i.e., before the industrial revolution in England there was the British peppered moth, Biston betularia in ABUNDANCE. This moth was speckled i.e., GREY with dark pepper like spots on the wings. There were also dark or melanic forms of Biston carbonaria but they were extremely rare. Before industrialization the tree TRUNKS were all covered with grey speckled lichens. This provided good camouflage or matching background for the peppered moths from predatory birds like robbins. Peppered variety formed 99% and the melanic variety formed 1% of the moth population. In the late 1850s, due to industrialization, the POLLUTANTS released from the INDUSTRIES killed or dried the lichens and darkened the tree trunks by black soot emitted by factories. As a result the peppered moths fell prey to predators because they could be easily seen than the black mutant moths (melanic forms) which began surviving better than the grey-coloured moths. Due to industrial smoke now 99% of moths are of the black variety, proving the point of natural selection and survival of the fittests. This indicates the natural selection eliminated the gene for light colour (harmful or favourable variation). The phenomenon was observed by a group of scientists led by Dr. H.B.D Kettlewell of Britain, R.A.Fischer, E.B Ford etc. |
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| 16359. |
Question :How did Hershey and Chase prove that DNA is the hereditarymaterial ? Explain their experiment with suitable diagrams. Observation and Conclusions |
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Answer» Solution :Procedure : Hershey and Chase grew some bacteriophage virus on a medium th at contained radioactive phosphorus (`""^32P`) and some in another medium with radioactive SULPHUR (`""^32S`). Viruses grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus (`""^32P`) contained radioactive DNA. Similar viruses grown in presence of radioactive sulphur (`""^35S`) contained radioactive protein. Both the radioactive virus types were allowed to infect E.coli separately. Soon after infection,the bacterial cells were gently agitated in blender to remove viral coats from the bacteria. The culture was also centrifuged to SEPARATE the viral PARTICLE from the bacterial CELL. Only radioactive (`""^32P`) was found to be associated with the bacterial cell, whereas radioactive (`""^35S`) was only found in SURROUNDING medium and not in the bacterial cell. This indicates that only DNA and not protein For Figure See Q. 30., Delhi Board, Set-II, 2008 |
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| 16360. |
Question : How did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein in their experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material ? |
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Answer» Solution :Hershey and Chase worked with bacteriophage and E. coli to PROVE that DNA is the genetic material. They used different radioactive isotopes to label DNA and protein COAT of the bacteriophage. The grew some BACTERIOPHAGES on a medium containing radioactive phosphorus (32p) to identify. DNA and some on a medium containing radioactive sulphur to identify protein. Then, these radioactive, labelled phages were allowed to infect protein. Then, these radioactive, labelled phages were allowed to infect E. coli bacteria. After infecting, the protein coat of the bacteriophage was SEPARATED from the bacterial cell by blending and then subjected to the process of centrifugation. Since the protein coat was lighter, it was found in the supernatant while the infected bacteria got settled at the bottom of centrifuge TUBE. Hence it was proved that DNA is the genetic material as it was transferred from virus to bacteria. |
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| 16361. |
Question :How did Griffith explain the transformation of R-strain (non-virulent) Bacteria into S-strain (virulent)? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :TRANSFORMATION PRINCIPAL | |
| 16362. |
Question : How did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein intheir experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The GENETIC MATERIAL is DNA | |
| 16363. |
Question : How did Genetic code came into existance ? |
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Answer» Solution :During replication and transcription a nucleic acid was copied to form another nucleic acid. Hence, these PROCESSES are easy to conceptualise on the basis of complementarity. The process of translation requires transfer of genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides to synthesise a polymer of amino acids. Neither does any complementarity exist between nucleotides and amino acids, nor coulds any be drawn theoretically. There existed ample evidences though, to support the notion that change in nucleic acids (genetic material) were responsible for change in amino acids in proteins. This led to the proposition of genetic code that could direct the sequence of amino acids during synthesis of proteins. Historical background or contribution of various scientist : George Gamow : In 1954, George Gamow, a physicist proposed that in order to code for all the 20 amino acids the code should be made up of three nucleotides (triplet code). This can be explained as if one base coded for one amino acid, only FOUR amino acids. If a sequence of two bases coded for one amino acid, the four basis could specify only `16 [4 XX 4]` amino acids, which is also inadequate. But if a sequence of three bases coded for one amino acid, the four bases would specify `64 [4 xx 4 xx 4]` amino acids. But this generated MANY more codons than required. In 1960s the proof that genetic codes are infect, came from the researches of the following scientists : (i) Har GOBIND Khurana : Developed a chemical method for the synthesis of RNA molecule with defined base combinations (homopolymers and copolymers) (ii) Marshall Nirenberg : Put forward a cell free system for protein synthesis that helped in deciphering the code. (iii) Severo Ochoa : Showed that the polynucleotide phosphorylase also helped in polymerising RNA with defined sequences in a template independent manner (enzymatic RNA synthesis). Finally a checker -board for genetic code was prepared which is given in Table. 
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| 16364. |
Question : How did Eli Lilly synthesise the human insulin? Mention one difference between this insulin and the one produced by human pancreas. |
| Answer» Solution :ELI Lilly Company prepared two DNA sequences coding for chain A & B of human insulin and introduced il into the plasmids of E. coli, which was utilized to PRODUCE insulin. Insulin from an animal source caused allergy in some patients. In humans, insulin is SYNTHESISED as a prohormone which has one extra stretch called c-peptide. | |
| 16365. |
Question : How did Darwin explain the existence of different varieties of finches on Galapagos Islands? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Darwin explained the existence of DIFFERENT species of finches to adaptive radiation from a common stock in a GIVEN geographical area depending upon the availability of food. Some remained seed eating as the original stock while others evolved for feeding on FRUITS, INSECTS, flowers, buds, etc. | |
| 16366. |
Question : How did Darwin explain fitness of organisms ? |
| Answer» Solution :Organisms struggle for food, space and mate. As these become a LIMITING factor, competition exists among the MEMBERS of the population. Darwin denoted struggle for existence in three ways Intra specific struggle between the same SPECIES for food, space and mate. Inter specific struggle with different species for food and space. Struggle with the environment to cope with the climatic variations, flood, earthquakes and drought, etc. According to Darwin, nature is the most powerful selective force. He compared origin of species by NATURAL selection to a small ISOLATED group. Darwin believed that the struggle for existence resulted in the survival of the fittest. Such organisms become better adapted to the changed environment. | |
| 16367. |
Question : How did a citizen group called friends of arcatat marsh arcata california usa help to improve water quality of the marchland using integrated waste water treatment ? Explain in four steps. |
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Answer» Solution :Waste water including sewage can be treated iun an integrated manner by utilising amix of a artifical and natural processes (b) To combat tis an INNOVATIVE approach was taken and the biologists develop[ED a sreies of six connected MARSHES over 60 hectares of marshland (c ) Approp[riate plants algae BECTERIA and FUNGI were seeded in to this area which neutralize absorb and assimilate the pollutants .Hence as the water flows through marshes it gets purified natureally (d) The marshesalso constitues a santuary with a high level of biodiverisity in the form of fishes animals and birds |
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| 16368. |
Question : How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh, Arcata, California, USA, help to improve water quality of the marshland using Integrated Waste Water Treatment ? Explain in four steps. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :1.Primary Treatment 2. Secondary treatment involves treatment with (i) Bacteria (ii) Fungi and (iii) PLANTS to absorb/remove IMPURITIES from marshland. |
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| 16369. |
Question : How cryopreservation is useful in conserving biodiversity? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Gametes of THREATENED species can be PRESERVED in viable and fertile condition for long PERIODS using CRYOPRESERVATION techniques. | |
| 16370. |
Question : How cryopreservation works? |
| Answer» Solution :Cryopreservation, also known as Cryo-conservation, is a process by which protoplasts, cells, tissues, organelles, ORGANS, extracellular matrix, enzymes or any other biological materials are subjected to preservation by cooling to very low temperature of `-196^(@)C` using liquid nitrogen. At this extreme low temperature any enzymatic or chemical activity of the biological material will be totally stopped and this leads to preservation of material in dormant status. Later these materials can be ACTIVATED by bringing to ROOM temperature slowly for any experimental work. | |
| 16371. |
Question : How crossing over differs from linkage ? |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 16372. |
Question : How cryopreservation helps in the conservation of biodiversity? |
| Answer» Solution :The gametes of THREATENED SPECIES can be preserved in viableand fertilecondition for longperiods usingcryopreservation techniques , EGGS can be FERTILISED in vitro , and plantscan bepropagated usingtidssue culture METHODS . | |
| 16373. |
Question : How copper IUD's provide contraception? |
| Answer» Solution :Copper IUD.s release FREE copper and copper salts into the uterus and suppress the sperm MOTILITY. They remain in uterus for 5-10 years. Eg: Novat, CU T-380. | |
| 16374. |
Question : How CO_(2) makes idlies puffy? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :IDLIES become puffy, because the bubbles of CARBON dioxide get trapped in glutein present in them. | |
| 16375. |
Question : How coffee plants are introduced to India? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Coffea arabica is the PRIME source of commercial coffee which is native to the tropical Ethiopia. An INDIAN Muslim saint, Baba Budan INTRODUCED coffee from Yemen to Mysore. | |
| 16376. |
Question : HowCO_2makes idies puffy ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :IDLIES PUFFY. The microoganismslike SPECIES of Bacillus, Candiada and SACCHAROMYCES areincolved in making idlies. | |
| 16377. |
Question : How CFCScause the depletionof ozone shield ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :By producingactive CHLORINE which BREAKS OZONE | |
| 16378. |
Question : How Charles Bonnet and Abraham Trembley contributed to Biological filed? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Charles Bonnet DISCOVERED the process of parthenogenesis. ABRAHAM Trembley was the first to study the concept of Regeneration in the Hydra. |
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| 16379. |
Question : Write the various steps involved in cell suspension culture. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The cell suspension is prepared by transferring a portion of callus to the liquid medium and agitated USING rotary shaker INSTRUMENT. The CELLS are separated from the cellus tissue and used for cell suspension CULTURE. | |
| 16380. |
Question : How can you prove that the tendrils of vine (Vitis) and pea (Pisum) are analogous structures? |
| Answer» Solution :The tendrils in both the plants perform same FUNCTION and have superficial resemblance, but TENDRIL in VINE is modified STEM while in PEA it is a modified leaf. | |
| 16381. |
Question : How can you prevent your best friend from becoming a drug addict who has started taking drug? |
| Answer» Solution :Try to UNDERSTAND the ill effects such as deterioration of moral and cultural standards, violence, antisocial activities ETC. caused by drugs. Proper ADVICE and AWARENESS about the drugs can save a person from becoming a drug addict. | |
| 16382. |
Question : Howcan you measurethe amountof biodegradableorganicmatter in sewage water . |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It ispossible to ESTIMATE the AMOUNTOF BIODEGRADABLE ORGANICMATTER byBiochemicalOxygenDemand. | |
| 16383. |
Question : How can you differentiate primary productivity from secondary productivity? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Primary PRODUCTIVITY - productivity at PRODUCER LEVEL SECONDARY productivity - productivity at consumer level |
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| 16384. |
Question : How can you , as an individual , preventthe loss of the biodiversity ? |
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Answer» Solution :The lossof biodiversitycan beprevented by : (a) Practiseof RECYCLING waste paper etc. (b) Judicious exploitation of medicinal and commericalplantsand animals . (c) Generation awareness among the publicon the importance on biodiversity, converstaion through skits, screeningof flims, lecutres etc . (d)Teachingpeople,how toreducegree - housegases emission , through alternate eco - FRIENDLY green techologies like use of SOLAR ENERGY, wind energy, biogas , VERMI compost, organic farming etc. |
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| 16385. |
Question : How can you, as an individual, prevent the loss of biodiversity ? |
| Answer» Solution :The loss of biodiversity can be PREVENTED by : (i) Practise of recycling waste paper etc. (ii) Judicious EXPLOITATION of medicinal and commercial plants and animals. (iii) Generating awareness among the public on the importance of biodiversity, conversation through skits, screening of films, lectures etc. (iv) Teaching people how to REDUCE green house gases EMISSIONS, through alternate ECO- friendly green technologies like use of solar energy, wind energy, biogas, vermicompost, organic farming etc. | |
| 16386. |
Question : How can we improve the success rate of fertilisation during artificial insemination in animal husbandry programmes? |
| Answer» Solution :The technology is called MOET or Multiple Ovulation Embryo TRANSFER. During the procedure, a cow is given hormonal treatment so that more than one ovule (6-8 eggs) is produced PER cycle. After mating or artificial insemination, the embryos at 8-32 celled state are transferred to different surrogate MOTHER cows. The method has been SUCCESSFULLY USED for cattle, sheep, buffalo etc. | |
| 16387. |
Question : How can we get rid of these plastic waste materials ? |
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Answer» Solution :A plastic sack manufacturer Ahmed Khan aged 57 YEARS has been producing plastic sacks for 20 years in Bangalore has managed to find the ideal solution to the increasing problem of accumulating plastic waste. In collaboration with R.V. College of Engineering and the Bangalore city corporation. Polyblend : Polyblend is the best way to combat with ever-increasing problem of accumulating plastic waste. It is a fine powder of recycled MODIFIED plastic which is mixed with the bitumen. Polyblend and bitumen, when USED to lay ROADS, enhanced the bitumen.s water REPELLANT properties, and helped to increase road life by a factor of three. |
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| 16388. |
Question : How can we control eutrophication? |
| Answer» Solution : Eutrophication can be controlled by reducing the use of fertilizers in agricultural LANDS, CHECKING the runoff from FIELDS, PLANTING vegetations along the stream beds thereby the NUTRIENTS will be uptaken by plants. | |
| 16389. |
Question : How can we contribute to promote biodiversity conservation? |
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Answer» Solution :• identify and protect all threatened species • identify and Identity and CONSERVE in protected areas the wild relatives of all the economically importa organisms • identity and protect CRITICAL habitats for feeding, breeding, nursing, resting of eac species • resting, feeding and breeding places of the organisms should be identified and protected • AIR, water and soil should be CONSERVED on priority basis • Wildlife Protection ACT should be implemented. |
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| 16390. |
Question : How can tissue culture be applied to recover healthy plants from virus-infected plants? |
| Answer» Solution :Meristem is the only VIRUS free part of a virus INFECTED PLANT, so by removing the meristein and GROWING it in vitro, virus free PLANTS can be obtained. | |
| 16391. |
Question : How can prevention and control of many infectious diseases be done? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Maintenance of personal hygiene and public hygiene is very important for PREVENTATION and control of many infectious dieases . Measures for personal hygiene include keeping the body clean. Consumption of clean drinking water , food , vegetable , fruits , etc. Public hygiene includes proper disposal of waste and excreta. Periodic cleaning includes proper disposal of waste and excreta. Periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoir , pools cesspools and tanks. OBSERVING STANDARD practices of hygiene in public catering . The above measures are particularly essential where the infectious agents are transmitted through food and water such as typhoid, AMOEBIASIS and ascariasis . |
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| 16392. |
Question : How can slash and burn agriculture become environment friendly? |
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Answer» Solution :Slash and burn agriculture, commonly called as Jhum cultivation in the north-eastern states of India. It has also contributed to deforestation. In slash and bum agriculture, the farmers CUT down the trees of the forest and burn the plant REMAINS. The ash is used as a fertilizer and the LAND is then used for farming or cattle grazing. After cultivation, the area is left for several years so as to allow its RECOVERY. The farmers then move on to other areas and repeat this process. In earlier days, when Jhum cultivation was in prevalence, enough time-gap was given such that the land recovered from the effect of cultivation. With INCREASING population and repeated cultivation, this recovery phase is done away with, resulting in deforestation. |
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| 16393. |
Question :How can polyploidy be induced in flowering plants? |
| Answer» Solution :Polyploidy in plants can be induced experimentally by adding colchicine in the medium of dividing cells. Colchicine inhibits spindle formation during cell DIVISION but not replication of chromosomes. This causes DOUBLING of chromosome NUMBER WITHOUT their separation into DAUGHTER cells. | |
| 16394. |
Question : How can crop varieties be made disease resistant to overcome food crisis in India ? Explain. Name one disease resistant variety in India of :Wheat to leaf and stripe rust (b) Brassica to White rust |
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Answer» Solution :Method of BREEDING for disease resistance: The conventional method of breedm for disease resistance is that of hybridisation and selection. Its STEPS are essentially identical to those for breeding for any other agronomic characters such as high yield Some crops varieties BREED by hybridisation and selection, for disease resistance to fungi bacteria and VIRAL diseases are released. Wheat to leaf and STRIPE rust Wheat, variety Himgiri and the resistance to diseases is leaf and stripe rust, hill bunt. Brassica to White rust assica variety is Pusa Swamim (Karan Rai), and resistance to diseases is white rust. |
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| 16395. |
Question : How can DNA segments, separated by gel electrophoresis, be visualized and isolated? |
| Answer» Solution :DNA segments, that have been SEPARATED on an AGAROSE gel by electrophoresis are transferred and permanently AFFIXED to a nylon membrane, a process called southern blotting. The DNA bands are invisible to the EYE so that they are flagged with some kind of tag that one can visualize. Therefore, a solution containing radioactive probe is spread over the membrane so that they bind to complementary DNA sequences and then can be VISUALIZED by autoradiography. | |
| 16396. |
Question : How can biotechnology used inplants of virus resistance ? |
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Answer» Solution :Many plants are affected by virus attack resulting in serious loss in yield and EVEN death (ii) Biotechnological intervention is USED to introduce VIRAL resistant genes into the host plant so hat they can RESIST the attack by virus . (iii) This is by introducing genes that produce resistant enzymes which can deactivate viral DNA . |
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| 16397. |
Question :How can bacterial DNA be released from the bacterial cell for biotechnology experiments ? |
| Answer» Solution : Since, DNA is enclosed Within the membranes, we have to break the cell Open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, POLYSACCHARIDES and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cell/PLANT or animal tissue with ENZYMES such as LYSOZYME (bacteria), cellulase (plant cell), chitinase (fungus) | |
| 16398. |
Question : How can AIDS be prevented ? |
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Answer» Solution :A barrier should be used during SEXUAL act with suspected partner. Restriction to one sexual partner. Education about AIDS should be given to PEOPLE. Making blood safe from HIV in blood banks. Ensuring the use of only disposable needles and syringes in public and private hospitals and clinics. FREE distribution of condoms. Controlling drug ABUSE. Advocating safe sex and promoting REGULAR check-ups for HIV in susceptible populations. |
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| 16399. |
Question : How can ADA deficiency in some children be treated? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :1. BONE marrow transplantation. 2. ENZYME replacement therapy. 3. Gene therapy. |
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| 16400. |
Question : How can a structural alteration of a chromosome be detected by looking at the chromosome through a microsope? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : At the time of pairing of HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES during meiosis in the process of gametogenesis | |