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Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

These toxins can be biomagnified, meaning the pollutant is concentrated ten times with each step up in the food chain from plankton to humans.

SimlipalBiosphere Reserve is in Odisha

Insulin and glucagonare hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. They are both secreted in response to blood sugar levels, but in opposite fashion!Insulinis normally secreted by the beta cells (a type of islet cell) of the pancreas. If blood glucose is high, then noglucagonis secreted.

Insulinhelps the body's cells absorb glucose, lowering blood sugar and providing the cells with the glucose they need for energy.Glucagonforces the liver to release stored glucose, which causes the blood sugar to rise.Insulin and glucagonare both released by islet cellsin thepancreas

Adrenal hormones, along withthyroidhormones and the hormones of thepancreas(insulinand glucagon), all work together to regulate metabolism. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland respond by stimulating or inhibiting all of these.

Thyroxine hormone is the hormone released by the thyroid gland

The intermediate colours do not get a chance to appear in the offspring of cross-pollinated pea plants. The result in f1 progeny will be violet flower because it is dominant over the white flower.

The correct answer is all will be red flower after crossing.

As both the parents are pure line red or white i.e homozygous dominant or recessive, so the crossing result will produce all red flower. But the pure line will not be maintained. The flower will be heterozygous red.

The movement of energy around an ecosystem by biotic and abiotic means. Ecological pyramids (food chains) is where a sizable percentage of energy is held, where organisms in the chain supply an energy source to other organisms and so forth, to the top of the chain which then decomposes after death. Therefore flow of energy is the movement of energy through food chain.

Animal and plant cell differ in their outer layer. In case of animal the membrane which protect the inner contents of the cell is called cell membrane and in plant cell its cell wall. Here we will specifically talk about animal cell. The plasma membrane in animals not only act as a protective layer but it also controls the flow of water, nutrients and minerals. As plasma membrane is porous so it lets some substances to pass through it. In this way it keeps the cell strong and healthy.

Ans :- Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms or the variety of living organisms present in a given ecosystem, which can be aquatic or terrestrial.

If the biodiversity of an area is not preserved, then the whole ecological balance can get disturbed.

For example, if deforestation continues at a high pace, then the producers of the region where deforestation is happening will eventually get destroyed; this, in turn, will affect the population of the consumers as well.

Thus, in a long run, the whole flora and fauna of that region will get destroyed.

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option B reddish color cells are RBCs and those multilobed cells are WBCs

animal. plant-they don't -they have cell wallhave cellwall -they have -they have vacuole but. large in small vacuolesize-

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria in both animals and plants. The sugars in both plants and animals are oxidized creating energy.The only difference in respiration is that plants create their own sugars to be oxidized for energy. Animals must get their sugars from autotrophs or plant.Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria.

Write two differences between respiration in plants and animal.

Answer:Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria in both animals and plants. The sugars in both plants and animals are oxidized creating energy.The only difference in respiration is that plants create their own sugars to be oxidized for energy. Animals must get their sugars from autotrophs or plant.Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria.

Animals cells store energy in the form of the complexcarbohydrateglycogen. Plant cells store energy as starch.

Animal cells come in various sizes and tend to have round or irregular shapes. Plant cells are more similar in size and are typically rectangular or cube shaped.

Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.

Identifying the location of a gene in DNA is genome mapping or genetic mapping

When theathleteruns in the race, his body needs more oxygen. His rate ofbreathingincreases so that more oxygen can be supplied to the body. Thisis thereason, anathleteneeds tobreathe faster and deeperthan usual; after finishing the race

saprophytic nutrition

In human beings, the various organs associated with this system include the heart, lungs, blood vessels, capillaries, and blood. The heart is the pumping organ that squirts out blood. The heart does this with so much pressure that it is capable of squirting blood up to 9 meters high. It never stops and beats continuously so that blood can travel to all parts of the body.

Your blood travels through these blood vessels transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, digested food, hormones and even waste products. It is amazing to see how transportation in human beings is carried out by the circulatory system, with the heart and the vast network of blood vessels.

Blood

Blood is an important fluid connective tissue. It is mainly composed of plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells, namely, red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets. The RBCs have haemoglobin, an iron-containing complex protein. The WBCs are the cells that help in fighting diseases and attack any foreign bodies in the blood. The blood platelets are the ones that help in clotting of blood.

In human beings, there is a phenomenon calleddouble circulationthat occurs, which is an efficient way. The heart pumps the blood, and through the various blood vessels, it travels to different organs and then comes back again to the heart. Now, this flow of blood in humans occurs in two pathways called the pulmonary pathway and the systemic pathway.

This system ensures that the deoxygenated blood (blood carrying carbon dioxide) from the right side of the heart goes to the lungs, where gaseous exchange occurs. Blood gets filled with oxygen from the lungs and carbon dioxide is given out to the lungs(from where it leaves the body). The oxygenated blood then travels from the left side of the heart to all other parts of the body.

The double circulation seen here ensures that there is no mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. There is also an efficient supply of oxygen to the body cells and a greater rate of blood flow in the body.

short notes

Transport in plants – plants are the type of organisms that have an autotrophic mode of nutrition. By taking in carbon dioxide from the air, minerals, and water from the soil, plants make their own food. After that, they release oxygen and water vapor. This process isPhotosynthesis.

By this process, plants synthesize their food in the leaves. For trees, leaves are considered to be food factories. For the process of photosynthesis, raw materials should be transported to the leaves. For transport in plants, they need a transport system to move food, water, and minerals around because for them no heart, no blood, and since these plants do not have a circulatory system, transportation makes up for it.

Transportation In Human Beings. Inhumans,transportationof oxygen nutrients, hormone and other substances to tissue, CO2to the lungs and waste products to the kidneys is carried out by a well-defined Circulatory System. In lower organisms material istransportedby diffusion.

In human beings, the various organs associated with this system include the heart, lungs, blood vessels, capillaries, and blood. The heart is the pumping organ that squirts out blood. The heart does this with so much pressure that it is capable of squirting blood up to 9 meters high. It never stops and beats continuously so that blood can travel to all parts of the body.

Your blood travels through these blood vessels transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, digested food, hormones and even waste products. It is amazing to see how transportation in human beings is carried out by the circulatory system, with the heart and the vast network of blood vessels.

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Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline and space.

Transportortransportationis the movement of humans, animals andgoodsfrom one location to another.Modes of transportincludeair,land(railandroad),water,cable,pipelineandspace. The field can be divided intoinfrastructure,vehiclesandoperations. Transport is important because it enables trade between people, which is essential for the development ofcivilizations.

Transportinfrastructureconsists of the fixed installations, includingroads,railways,airways,waterways,canalsandpipelinesand terminals such asairports,railway stations,bus stations,warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks andfuel stations) andseaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.

Vehicles traveling on these networks may includeautomobiles,bicycles,buses,trains,trucks,helicopters,watercraft,spacecraftandaircraft.

Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose, including financing, legalities, and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.

Passenger transport may bepublic, where operators provide scheduled services, orprivate. Freight transport has become focused oncontainerization, althoughbulk transportis used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth andglobalization, but most types causeair pollutionanduse large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow and restrainurban sprawl.

HistoryHumans' first means of transport involved walking, running and swimming. Thedomesticationof animals introduced a new way to lay the burden of transport on more powerful creatures, allowing the hauling of heavier loads, or humans riding animals for greater speed and duration. Inventions such as the wheel and the sled helped make animal transport more efficient through the introduction ofvehicles. Water transport, including rowed and sailed vessels, dates back totime immemorial, and was the only efficient way to transport large quantities or over large distances prior to theIndustrial Revolution.

The first forms ofroad transportinvolved animals, such ashorses(domesticatedin the 4th or the 3rd millennium BCE),oxen(from about 8000 BCE)[1]or humans carrying goods overdirttracks that often followedgametrails. Many early civilizations, including those inMesopotamiaand theIndus Valley, constructed paved roads. Inclassical antiquity, thePersianandRomanempires built stone-paved roads to allow armies to travel quickly. Deep roadbeds of crushed stone underneath kept such roads dry. The medievalCaliphatelater builttar-pavedroads. The first watercraft werecanoescut out fromtree trunks. Early water transport was accomplished with ships that were either rowed or used thewindfor propulsion, or a combination of the two. The importance of water has led to most cities that grew up as sites for trading being located on rivers or on the sea-shore, often at the intersection of two bodies of water. Until the Industrial Revolution, transport remained slow and costly, and production and consumption gravitated as close to each other as feasible.



TheWright brothers' first flight in 1903

TheIndustrial Revolutionin the 19th century saw a number of inventions fundamentally change transport. Withtelegraphy, communication became instant and independent of the transport of physical objects. The invention of thesteam engine, closely followed by its application inrail transport, made land transport independent of human or animal muscles. Both speed and capacity increased rapidly, allowing specialization through manufacturing being located independently of natural resources. The 19th century also saw the development of thesteam ship, which sped up global transport.

With the development of thecombustion engineand the automobile around 1900, road transport became more competitive again, and mechanical private transport originated. The first "modern" highways were constructed during the 19th century[citation needed]withmacadam. Later,tarmacandconcretebecame the dominant paving materials. In 1903 theWright brothersdemonstrated the first successful controllableairplane, and after World War I (1914–1918) aircraft became a fast way to transport people and express goods over long distances.[2]

After World War II (1939–1945) the automobile and airlines took higher shares of transport, reducing rail and water to freight and short-haul passenger services.[3]Scientific spaceflight began in the 1950s, with rapid growth until the 1970s, when interest dwindled. In the 1950s the introduction ofcontainerizationgave massive efficiency gains in freight transport, fosteringglobalization.[4]International air travel became much more accessible in the 1960s with the commercialization of thejet engine. Along with the growth in automobiles and motorways, rail and water transport declined in relative importance. After the introduction of theShinkansenin Japan in 1964, high-speed rail in Asia and Europe started attracting passengers on long-haul routes away from the airlines.[3]

Early inU.S. history,[when?]privatejoint-stockcorporationsowned mostaqueducts,bridges,canals,railroads,roads, andtunnels. Most such transportation infrastructure came under government control in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in thenationalizationof inter-city passenger rail-service with the establishment ofAmtrak. Recently,[when?]however, a movement to privatize roads and other infrastructure has gained some[quantify]ground and adherents.[5]

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Transportation in Plants

The phloem is responsible for translocation ofnutrientsand sugar like carbohydrates, produced by the leaves to areas of the plant that are metabolically active. The xylem is also composed of elongated cells like the phloem. However, xylem is especially accountable for transporting water to all parts of the plants from the roots. Since they serve such an important function, a single tree would have a lot of xylem tissues.

Transpirationis the driving force behind uptake and transport of water. It is the process of water evaporation through openings called stomata. This creates a pull by replacing the water that has evaporated. This pulling in the xylem tissues would extend all the way down due to the cohesive forces. This negative water pressure that occurs in the roots will eventually result in an increase of water uptake from the soil.

The sun’s energy is strong enough to propel the water from the roots to the leaves. The heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate, setting the water chain in motion. To evolve into tall, self-supporting land plants, trees have to develop the ability to transport water from the soil to the tip that is at a staggering vertical distance. Now one might wonder how water could withstand the tensions pulled up by a tree. This is because water molecules stick to each other. Taking this strength into account, the loss of water at the top of a tree through transpiration provides the driving force to pull water and mineral nutrients up the trunks of trees as mighty as the redwoods.

In the water logged situation,plants oftendiebecause it cannot respire. The air spaces in the soil when it is clogged with water creates bubbles which generates oxygen thus declining theplantsto respire. Even the roots fail to transport food and water to other parts.

option D.

The amount of dissolved oxygen is fairly low compared to the amount of oxygen in the air, the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster than that seen in terrestrial organisms. Fishes take in water through their mouths and force it past the gills where the dissolved oxygen is taken up by blood.

hindi main answer de

Different kind of organisms obtain thier food in different ways.The process of obtaining food is called nutrition. Nutrition is of two types namely 1) Heterotrophic 2) Autotrophic

Heterotrophic nutrition : It means organisms depend on other animals for thier survival.All animals and non green plants are heterotophs.

Autotrophic nutrition : It means that the organisms make thier own food by using sunlight. All plants and photosynthetic bacteria are autotrophs.

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Microorganisms are very small in size. They are so small that they cannot be seen with naked eyes. A microscope has to be used to see these organisms.

microorganisms are too small so they cannot be seen with the help of a magnifying glass or microscope

Microorganisms can only be seen by microscope

All species of Mistletoe are parasitic. They grow on the stems of trees and draw water and minerals from their hosts by a structure called the haustorium.

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.

The process of taking food into the body is called Ingestion

(b) is correct option

I don't know is the answer to the question

the answer of the option is B)

ingestion = process of taking food

Nutrition in Amoeba

Amoeba is an important protozoa found in fresh water. It feeds on microscopic plants and animals present in water.The mode of nutrition in amoeba is Holozoic. Andthe process of obtaining food by amoeba is calledphagocytosis. The different processes involved in the nutrition of amoeba are:

1. Ingestion

Ingestion is the process of taking food in the body. Amoeba is a unicellular animal, so it doesn’t have a mouth for ingestion of food. Amoeba ingests the food by encircling it by forming pseudopodia. When the food is completely encircled , the food is engulfed in the form of a bag called food vacuole.2. Digestion

Digestion is the process of breaking the large and insoluble molecules in small and water soluble molecules. In amoeba, several digestive enzymes react on the food present in the food vacuoles and break it down into simple and soluble molecules.

3. Absorption

The food digested by digestive enzymes is then absorbed in the cytoplasm by the process of diffusion. While the undigested food remains in the food vacuole. If a large amount of food is absorbed by amoeba, the excess food is stored in the cytoplasm in the form of glycogen and lipids.

4. Assimilation

During this step the food absorbed by the cytoplasm is used to obtain energy, growth and repair.This process of utilizing absorbed food for obtaining energy, repair and growth is calledassimilation.

5.Egestion

When a sufficient amount of undigested food gets collected in the food vacuole, it is thrown out of the body by rupturing cell membrane.The process of removal of undigested food from the body is calledegestion.

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Ingestion: The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.

Digestion: the process in which the foodcontaining large, insolublemolecules is broken downinto small, water soluble molecules is called digestion

Absorption: Theprocess in which the digested food passes through the intestinal wallinto blood stream is called absorption.

Assimilation: The processin which the absorbed food is taken in by the body cells and used for energy, growth and repair is called assimilation

Egestion: The process in which the undigested food is removed from the body is called egestion.