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Rancidity: It is defined as chemical decomposition of oils and fats which in another words is spoiling food materials that difficult for consumption.It can be prevented by following methods:(i) The packing of food materials should be replaced the air with Nitrogen.(ii) The food materials should be placed at very low temperatures.(iii) Addition of antioxidants also prevents rancidity process.

Answer

Corrosion is defined as a process where materials, usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals, etc.For example, iron, in the presence of moisture, reacts with oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.4Fe+ 3O2+ nH2O → 2Fe2O3.nH2O

Rancidity is the process of oxidation of fats and oils that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and smell is known as rancidity.For example, the taste and smell of butter changes when kept for long.

Thank u for your answer

a)Corrosion: It is the process of degradation of material on continuous interaction with atmosphere. Because of Corrosion the strength of the material decreases

Ex:The materials like water pipes which are made up of metal continuously exposed to moist atmosphere will get corrode and over the time water starts leaking.The bottom layer of the boats or ships get corrode, so for every fixed period of time they will get replaced by new materials.Rusting of some of the materials in our house items.

b)When the substance containing oils and fats are exposed to air they get oxidised and become rancid due to which their smell, taste and colour change. This process is known as rancidity.

For example when a when butter is kept open for a long time then its smell and taste gets changed

Digestion relies onchemicalreactions between food and acids and enzymes to break down molecules into nutrients the body can absorb anduse.

Soaps and detergents act as emulsifiers to surround dirt and grime so it can be washed away from clothing, dishes, and our bodies.

Drugs work because ofchemistry.

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it will burst please mark best

it will burst is the correct answer of the given question

It will be burst after sometime.

If the cylinders were at 1.00 atm, they would contain 50.00 L each, so at 100.0 atm they contain 5000. L each.

1 m³ = 1000 L,

so 100.0 m³ = 1.000 × 10⁵ L.

Since the pressure in the balloon is only 0.10 atm, though, the gas volume equals only 1.000 × 10⁴ L at 1 atm.

(1.000 × 10⁴ L) / (5000. L/cylinder) = 2.00 cylinders.

Platinumis achemical elementwith symbolPtandatomic number78. It is adense,malleable,ductile, highly unreactive,precious, silverish-whitetransition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish termplatino, meaning "little silver"

Since hexane is non polar in nature and have lower density than water it will be upper layer.

In second case chloroform will be in the lower layer because it is more dense than water.

The major greenhouse gases (GHG's) solely responsible for greenhouse effect are Carbon dioxide, Ozone, Methane and Water vapour.

Explanation:Greenhouse gases include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The major greenhouse gases are water vapour, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect on Earth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide, which causes 9-26%; methane, which causes 4-9%, and ozone, which causes 3-7%.

5 greenhouse gases are as follows

carbon dioxide (co2)

methane (ch4)

nitrios oxide (n2o)

sulphur florouide (sf6)

cfc-12 (ccl2f2)

Increase in the amount of green house gases in the atmosphere would lead to the warming of the atmosphere and would cause the melting of ice which would lead to rise in sea level.

greenhouse gases:carbon dioxidemethanenitrous oxidefluorinated gases

effect:Thegreenhouse effectis the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

ELECTRONEGATIVITY IS THE MEASURE OF TENDENCY OF AN ATOM TO ATTRACT BONDING PAIR OF ELECTRONS.

The number ofelectronsin an atom's outermostvalenceshell governs itsbondingbehaviour. They need to lose only one or twovalence electronsto form positive ions with an s²p⁶ configuration. NONMETALS. Nonmetals tend to attract additionalvalence electronsto form either ionic or covalentbonds

Intermediate differences inelectronegativitybetween covalentlybondedatoms leadtopolarity in thebond. As a rule, anelectronegativitydifference of 2 or more on the Pauling scale between atoms leadstotheformationof an ionicbond.

electronegativity order of hybridisation is

sp> sp2>sp3

so, here minimum electronegative atom is 5th because it is sp3 hybridised.

b)Principal quantum number is number which determines the main energy level or shell in which the electron is present.It gives the average distance of the electron from the nucleus & specifies the value of the energy of the electron.

Azimuthal quantum number is the number which determines the sub shell in a principal energy shell to which an electron belongs.

In the periodic table each period begins with the filling of principal quantum number (n). The value ofnfor the sixth period is 6. For n= 6, azimuthal quantum number (l) can have values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

In the 6thperiod, electrons can be filled in only 6s, 4f, 5d,and 6psubshells. Now, 6s has one orbital, 4f has seven orbitals, 5d has five orbitals, and 6p has three orbitals. Therefore, there are a total of sixteen (1 + 7 + 5 + 3 = 16) orbitals available.

According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons. Thus, 16 orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 32 electrons.

Hence, the sixth period of the periodic table should have 32 elements.

a)Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used. Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to caesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7.

(a) Electronegativityis a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used. Fluorine (the mostelectronegativeelement) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to caesium and francium which are the leastelectronegativeat 0.7.

(b) Principal quantum number is number which determines the main energy level or shell in which the electron is present.It gives the average distance of the electron from the nucleus & specifies the value of the energy of the electron.

Azimuthal quantum number is the number which determines the sub shell in a principal energy shell to which an electron belongs.

In the periodic table of the elements, a period indicates the value of the principal quantum number (n) for the outermost shells. Each period begins with the filling of principal quantum number (n). The value of n for the sixth period is 6. For n = 6, azimuthal quantum number (l) can have values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

According to Aufbau’s principle, electrons are added to different orbitals in order of their increasing energies. The energy of the 6d subshell is even higher than that of the 7s subshell.

In the 6th period, electrons can be filled in only 6s, 4f, 5d, and 6 p subshells. Now, 6s has one orbital, 4f has seven orbitals, 5d has five orbitals, and 6p has three orbitals. Therefore, there are a total of sixteen (1 + 7 + 5 + 3 = 16) orbitals available. According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons. Thus, 16 orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 32 electrons.

Hence, the sixth period of the periodic table should have 32 elements.

option 2

Ans :- Statement is false.

hydrometer

Ahydrometeris an instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity.

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इस प्रकार की मिश्रधातुओं में अवयव धातुएँ जब पिघली हुई होती हैं, तब वे एक दूसरे में घुली हुई रहती हैं, किंतु ठोस होने पर धातुओं के क्रिस्टल अलग-अलग हो जाते हैं, अर्थात्‌ धातुएँ परस्पर अविलेय हैं। इस प्रकार मिश्रधातु प्रत्येक अवयव धातु के शुद्ध क्रिस्टल कामिश्रणहोती है और ठंडा करने पर कोई एक अवयव धातु ठोस रूप में पृथक्‌ हो जाती है। उदाहरणार्थ, एक तरल मिश्रधातु, जिसमें मात्रानुसार 10 भाग सीसा और 90 भाग टिन होते हैं, जब ठंडी की जाती है तब शुद्ध टिन के क्रिस्टल प्रथम उसी प्रकार से पृथक्‌ होते हैं जिस प्रकार शुद्ध हिम के क्रिस्टल चीनी के तनु विलयन में से ठंडा करने पर पृथक्‌ होते हैं। जिस ताप पर टिन के क्रिस्टल पृथक होना प्रारंभ करते है, वह ताप शुद्ध टिन के गलनांक से कम होता है। टिन के गलनांक को जब उसमें सीसा घुला रहता है, ज्ञात कर सीसे का अणुभार उसी नियम द्वारा निकालते हैं जिस नियम से पानी में घुली वस्तओं का अणुभार निकालते हैं। इस विधि से उन कई धातुओं का अणुभार निकाला गया है, जो तनुघात्विक विलयन में अलग परमाणु के रूप में रहती है। सीसा-ऐंटीमनी मिश्रधातु मिश्रण श्रेणी की है। ऐंटीमनी भंगुर होता है और सीसा मुलायम। मुद्रण धातु सीसी, ऐंटीमनी और अत्यंत कम मात्रा में टिन की मिश्रधातु है। इस मिश्रधातु में ऐंटीमनी की कठोरता तो होती है, किंतु यह उसकी तरह भंगुर नहीं होती।

On addition of AgNO3 in C2H5Br a yellow ppt is formed which is insoluble in NH4OH

C6H5Br will not form yellow ppt with AgNO3

thanl you

Ans :- The keydifference between redand white phosphorusis that thered phosphorus appears as darkredcolored crystals whereas the whitephosphorusexists as a translucent waxy solid that quickly becomes yellow when exposed to light. Phosphorusis a chemical element that occurs in several different allotropes.

We knowthatit will have 15+3= 18 electronnow

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

(i)Methylamine and dimethylamine can be distinguished by the carbylamine test.

Carbylamine test: Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide form foul-smelling isocyanides or carbylamines. Methylamine (being an aliphatic primary amine) gives a positive carbylamine test, but dimethylamine does not.

thank-you sir

No, because in the modern periodic table, elements are placed in increasing order of their atomic numbers. Atomic number is always a simple whole number as half electron or half proton cannot exist. It can be either 1 or 2.So, there can be no element with atomic number 1.5.

no they are entirely different and infact different types of conformation a crystal can aquire.

Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) or CCP StructureThe body-centered cubic unit cell has atoms at each of the eight corners of a cube (like the cubic unit cell) plus one atom in the center of the cube (left image below). Each of the corner atoms is the corner of another cube so the corner atoms are shared among eight unit cells. It is said to have a coordination number of 8. The bcc unit cell consists of a net total of two atoms; one in the center and eight eighths from corners atoms as shown in the middle image below (middle image below). The image below highlights a unit cell in a larger section of the lattice.

Face Centered Cubic (FCC) StructureThe face centered cubic structure has atoms located at each of the corners and the centers of all the cubic faces (left image below). Each of the corner atoms is the corner of another cube so the corner atoms are shared among eight unit cells. Additionally, each of its six face centered atoms is shared with an adjacent atom. Since 12 of its atoms are shared, it is said to have a coordination number of 12. The fcc unit cell consists of a net total of four atoms; eight eighths from corners atoms and six halves of the face atoms as shown in the middle image above. The image below highlights a unit cell in a larger section of the lattice

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) StructureAnother common close packed structure is the hexagonal close pack. The hexagonal structure of alternating layers is shifted so its atoms are aligned to the gaps of the preceding layer. The atoms from one layer nest themselves in the empty space between the atoms of the adjacent layer just like in the fcc structure. However, instead of being a cubic structure, the pattern is hexagonal. (See image below.) The difference between the HCP and FCC structure is discussed later in this section.

(a) The diffusion of gases tells us that:(1) Matter consists of tiny particles, that have space between them.(2) The particles of matter are in constant motion.Â(b) The example of diffusion of gases in liquids is:(1) Oxygen (gas) gets dissolved in blood (liquid) during the process of respiration.

n = 3 ... means 3rd orbit L = 0 , means S subshell

so, 3S can have either 1 or 2 electrons

=> 1s2 , 2s2, 2p6 = 10 electrons 3s1/3s2 = 1 or 2 electrons

so , the atomic numbers can be 10+1 , 10+2 = 11,12

option B

no. of moles in 1.2gm of Mg is 1.2/12 = 0.1 mol and since 1 mol carries +2 charge so, and in 1 mol , the total charge is 1 Faraday

so , in 0.1 mol the charge will be = 0.1*2*F = 0.2F and 1F = 96485C so total charge is 0.2*96845 = 19369C

Relation between big drop of Radius R and radius of small n drops of radius r is

R^3 = nr^3(volume remains equal)

r = R/n^1/3

(B) is correct option

Let us assume that V = 1 liter.

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = (768/760 atm) x (1 L) / [(0.0821 Latm/mole K) x (303K)] = 0.0406 moles of gas

= 1 L x (1 m³ / 1000 L) x (1.35 kg / 1 m³ ) x (1000 g / 1 kg) = 1.35 g

Thus, MW of gas = 1.35 g / 0.0406 moles = 33.3 g/mole.

At STP,n = PV / RT = (1.0 atm) x (1 L) / [(0.0821 Latm/moleK) x (273K)] = 0.0446 moles

= 0.0446 moles x (33.3 g / mole) x (1 kg / 1000 g) = 0.00149 kg

= 0.00149 kg / 1 L x (1000 L / 1 m³) = 1.49 kg / m³

bro bt smjh nhi aaya..3rd step k bd

titration process, two solutions are prepared. Substance to be analyzed (titrate) is taken in a conical flask and solution of known concentration (titrant) is filled in burette. Certain auxiliary agents are added in a conical flask to identify the end point of titration. Solution from burette is added to the conical flask till marked color change occurs at the completion of chemical reaction. At completion of reaction, auxiliary agent reacts with titrant and gives color change. This process is called as titration.In short, the process of determining the volume of the titrant required to react completely with a known volume of solution under analysis is called as titration.

Importance of Volumetric analysis:

High precision is obtained

Simple apparatus is required

Easy process and fast result

Different methods for different types of substance

Types of titration methods:Direct Titration:Substance is directly titrated with titrant by using simple indicator. Example: titration of strong acid (HCl, HNO3) with strong base (NaOH, KOH)Indirect Titration:Substance is not directly titrate but precipitated or removed from the reaction and the product formed has to be titrated. Back Titration:Use for the substances which are not water soluble or which are weak acids or bases.

Classification of Titrimetric Methods:Titrimetric methods are classified into various types depending on the nature of chemical reactions. 1. Acid –Base Titration 2. Redox Titration 3. Complexometric Titration 4. Precipitation Titration 5. Zeta Potential 6. Miscellaneous

Conductometric titration is a type of titration in which the electrolytic conductivity of the reaction mixture is continuously monitored as one reactant is added. The equivalence point is the point at which the conductivity undergoes a sudden change.

titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. Typically, the titrant (the know solution) is added from aburetto a known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows the determination of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an indicator is used to usually signal the end of the reaction, the endpoint.

how it helps in knowing conc . help please

1)

2)

what is your question

If the distance travelled by the object is in straight path then it can have 0 displacement. For example: A car travels some distance on a straight highway and it come backs from the same highway then it displacement will be 0.

Could u repost a clear pic please once again?

the numbering will start from -OH

so, the correct option is 2.

this is because N+L value of 4s is less than 3d.N+L value of 4s is 4 and N+L value of 3d is 5.so 4s orbital is filled before 3d

4s is less than 3d so 4s orbital is filled before 3d

S orbit contain only 2elecrons is less then 3d orbit

Any compounds containing theCH3C=Ogroup or theCH3CH(OH)group give a positive result with the iodoform test. When I2 and NaOH is added to a compound containing one of these groups, apale yellow precipitate of iodoform(triiodomethane) is formed.

The iodoform test can therefore be used to identifyaldehydesandketones; is the compound is an aldehyde then it must be ethanal (this is the only aldehyde with the CH3C=O group). This occurs as three I atoms replace the H atoms of CH3C=OR, and the C-C bond breaks due to the electron withdrawing effect of the three I atoms (as I is more electronegative than C) forming CHI3 and the salt anion of a carboxylic acid (depending on the R group of the original compound, which influences the length of the carbon chain of the anion RCOO- that is formed).

This test can also be used to identifyalcohols; if the alcohol is a tertiary alcohol then it gives no result as it cannot be be oxidised. If the alcohol is a primary alcohol then it must be ethanol (as this is oxidised to ethanal, which is the only aldehyde that gives a positive result with the iodoform test). All secondary alcohols give a positive result, as they are oxidised to ketones.

propane -1-ol , doesn't contain... -CH(OH)-CH3 ( that is present in propane-2-ol)

so, it will not give iodoform test..

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere. It involves the change of chemical composition and is irreversible. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire" and lysis "separating".

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