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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
यदि लोकतंत्र न होता । |
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Answer» लोकतंत्र को जनतंत्र भी कहते है , क्योंकि जनता के चुनाव के द्वारा ही यह तन्त्र बनता है । इसलिए बिना चुनाव का जो तन्त्र होता है वह लोकतंत्र जनता का प्रतिनिधि तन्त्र है , इसमें समस्त जन समुदाय की सदभावना और सदविचार प्रकट होता है । राजतन्त्र शासन की वह प्रणाली है जिसमे एक व्यक्ति (राजा) शासन का सर्वेसर्वा होता है । लोकतंत्र न होता तो राजतन्त्र होता । राजतन्त्र में राजा , शाषित जनता द्वारा चुनाव हुआ नहीं होता बल्कि वंशागत होता है या किसी दूसरे राजा को युद्ध में पराजित करके राजा बनता है । इसमे राजाओं को ईश्वर का प्रतिनिधि समझा जाता है । सारी वैधानिक कार्यपालिका और न्यायिक शक्तियॉ उसी राजा में निहित मानी गयी है । कोई चुनाव नहीं । बस यही राजपरिवार क्रमबद्ध रूप से शासन सत्ता को थामे रहता है । यदि लोकतंत्र न होता तो राजतन्त्र होता और राजतन्त्र में प्रजा सिर्फ राजा को पालने भर के लिए होती है । राजतन्त्र में क्रांतिकारी नहीं चाहिए । उसे एक मूक प्रजा चाहिए जो उसके इशारे पर नाचती रहे । राजा निरंकुश रहेगा , प्रजा की भलाई की चिन्ता नहीं होगी । अगर लोकतंत्र न होता तो आप यदि क्रांति की बात करेंगे तो जेल भेज दिया जाएगा । उसका न्याय भी राजा ही करेगा । अधिकारों की असमानता तथा अवसरों की विषमता राजतन्त्र में होती है । आज हमारे सामने अनेक सामाजिक समस्याए है , जैसे दहेज प्रथा , बाल - विवाह आदि जिनके निवारण के लिए सरकार द्वारा व्यापक स्तर पर प्रयास किये जाते है , परन्तु यदि लोकतंत्र न होता तो यह प्रथाएँ निरन्तर चलती रहती इन प्रथाओं पर राजतन्त्र में विचार न होता । आज भी आधुनिकता की आँधी के बावजूद विश्व के कई देशों में राजतन्त्र विद्यमान है । अधिनायक तन्त्र राजतन्त्र का ही दूसरा रूप है । कभी - कभी अधिनायकवाद भी लोकतंत्र की ऊँगली पकड़कर आता है । निश्चित ही राजतन्त्र का समय अब समाप्त हो गया है और हर तरफ लोकतन्त्र की बयार बह रही है , जो एक उदारवादी व्यवस्था है । |
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| 2. |
Read the first activity ,read the extract and then do the all the activites : We were an agrarian people . And my main hoddy in my early teens was to wander through paddy fields to see the different kinds of birds and how they nest. On the se had been many coconut trees and blacks palm trees. Beautifully crafted nests of the weaver-birds - thoookkanaam kuruvikal - would be seen dangling from the ends of plam leaves. Hunderds fo these little birds would land on the the paddy to squeeze the milk form the tender rice. They would come to the field when the young stalks come out of the rice-plants. At this stage of the paddy, my father would send me to our filed with a tin drum to scare these little birds balancing on the tender stalks and squeezing the milk their sharp beaks and fly aways with the stalks dangling in their beaks. I have alawys liked to see this sights also. The nests of parrots were crafted holes in the trunks of plam trees. I continued to wonder how they made these holes on the hard trunks until I saw the patient work of the woodpeckers. They were the carpenters and their longs, sharp and strong beaks, chisels. They make the holes ( in search of worns inside the weak spots of the trunks) and the parrots occupy them . If I heard the sound tak, tak , tak I knew it was a woodpecker chiselling a hrad trunks. I would go after him . It seems that the woodpecker is the only bird which can walk perpendiculary on the tree trunks! How beautiful the sight was ! Its strong legs, red crest, the dark red stripe on the face and black beak and the tak, tak, tak, sound used to captivate me . Grammar (Do as directed) : When earthquake strikes , world trembles. (Insert appropriate articles, wherever necessary and rewrtie it .) |
| Answer» When an earthquake strikes, the world trembles. | |
| 3. |
Read the first activity ,read the extract and then do the all the activites : We were an agrarian people . And my main hoddy in my early teens was to wander through paddy fields to see the different kinds of birds and how they nest. On the se had been many coconut trees and blacks palm trees. Beautifully crafted nests of the weaver-birds - thoookkanaam kuruvikal - would be seen dangling from the ends of plam leaves. Hunderds fo these little birds would land on the the paddy to squeeze the milk form the tender rice. They would come to the field when the young stalks come out of the rice-plants. At this stage of the paddy, my father would send me to our filed with a tin drum to scare these little birds balancing on the tender stalks and squeezing the milk their sharp beaks and fly aways with the stalks dangling in their beaks. I have alawys liked to see this sights also. The nests of parrots were crafted holes in the trunks of plam trees. I continued to wonder how they made these holes on the hard trunks until I saw the patient work of the woodpeckers. They were the carpenters and their longs, sharp and strong beaks, chisels. They make the holes ( in search of worns inside the weak spots of the trunks) and the parrots occupy them . If I heard the sound tak, tak , tak I knew it was a woodpecker chiselling a hrad trunks. I would go after him . It seems that the woodpecker is the only bird which can walk perpendiculary on the tree trunks! How beautiful the sight was ! Its strong legs, red crest, the dark red stripe on the face and black beak and the tak, tak, tak, sound used to captivate me . Grammar (Do as directed) : I spent my hoilding ………… some friends………..a wooden house. (Fill in the blanks with appropiate prepositions.) |
| Answer» I spent my holiday with some friend s in a wooden house . | |
| 4. |
Write the molecular formula of novestrol. |
| Answer» `C_(20)H_(24)O_(2)` Novestrol | |
| 5. |
Explain the position of actinoids in the periodic table. What is the action of sulphur on lanthanoids ? Calculate the magnetic moment of divalent ion in aqueous solution it its atomic number is 24. |
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Answer» Position of actinoids in periodic table is third group and seventh period. Action of sulphur on lanthanoids `2Ln+3S rarr Ln_(2)S_(3)` Magnetic moment of divalent ion in aqueous solution. Z = 24, electronic configuration `=[Ar]3d^(5)4S^(1)` Divalent ion electronic configuration `=[Ar]3d^(4)` `therefore ` 4 unpaired electrons Magnetic moment `(mu)=sqrt(x(x+2))B.M.` `=sqrt(4(4+2))B.M.` `=4.89B.M.` |
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| 6. |
Have you ever wondered why soliders are always lad in green ? This is to enable them to camouflaging themselves during wartime . Hiding in the jungles, their green attire blend into the surrounding trees and shrubs making it difficult for the enemies to spot them. Long before man made use of camouflaging , insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colour close to those of the rocks and dried leaves, they can escape from being pursued by the predators. Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite defenceless and their predators are abundant. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain butterflies and months to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around. Fortunately, not all insects choose the art of disguise to escape from their predators, otherwise , the world would be so dull and colourless. There are insects which assimilate the bright body colours of bees and wasps to escape from being pursued by their predators. Long ago birds have already learnt to avoid brilliantly coloured wasps and bees in fear of their painful stings. Hence , over millions of years, many harmless insects have assimilated the bees and wasps by imitating their bright body colours and shapes. In this way, they appear dangerous and hence ward them off. The beefly not only appears like the bumblebee in terms of body colour, even its hums sound similar too. The only difference is that the beefly does not have a sting and is hence harmless. The hovertly is another insect which imitates the body colours of the wasps. Their bodies are striped yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings, and they have only one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by the predators and hence help them to escape. Vocabulary: Find the words from the passage for: (i) animal or bird that hunts other for food. (ii) to get free from danger. (iii) to prevent something from harming . (iv) to make a copy. |
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Answer» (i) predator (ii) escape (iii) wards off (iv) imitate |
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| 7. |
Enantiomers are |
| Answer» Stereoisomers which are non-superimposable mirror image of each other and rotate the plane of plane polarised light through the same angle but in opposite directions. | |
| 8. |
grignard reagent |
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Answer» Grignard reagent is a organometallic compound in which divalent magnesium is directly linked to an alkyl group and a halogen atom. General formula : `R-Mg-X.` |
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| 9. |
Have you ever wondered why soliders are always lad in green ? This is to enable them to camouflaging themselves during wartime . Hiding in the jungles, their green attire blend into the surrounding trees and shrubs making it difficult for the enemies to spot them. Long before man made use of camouflaging , insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colour close to those of the rocks and dried leaves, they can escape from being pursued by the predators. Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite defenceless and their predators are abundant. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain butterflies and months to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around. Fortunately, not all insects choose the art of disguise to escape from their predators, otherwise , the world would be so dull and colourless. There are insects which assimilate the bright body colours of bees and wasps to escape from being pursued by their predators. Long ago birds have already learnt to avoid brilliantly coloured wasps and bees in fear of their painful stings. Hence , over millions of years, many harmless insects have assimilated the bees and wasps by imitating their bright body colours and shapes. In this way, they appear dangerous and hence ward them off. The beefly not only appears like the bumblebee in terms of body colour, even its hums sound similar too. The only difference is that the beefly does not have a sting and is hence harmless. The hovertly is another insect which imitates the body colours of the wasps. Their bodies are striped yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings, and they have only one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by the predators and hence help them to escape. Summary : Summarise the above extract with the help of the points given and suggest a suitable title. Camouflage of soldiers and insects-reason and ways for disguising-assimilation of insects-need of imitation. |
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Answer» TECHNIQUE OF CAMOUFLAGING The way as soldiers camuflage themseles in wartime to deceive the enemy , in the same way, insects use camouflaging to protect themselves form the predators. Their body colour matches to rocks and dried leaves which safeguard them . It helps defenceless insects to escape the predators . Assimilation is also used by unsects like many insects assimilate the bees and wasps by imitating their body colours giving a worng impression of being dangerous . Imitaiting body colours and shapes make them appear dangerous so they can save themselves form the predators. |
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| 10. |
Have you ever wondered why soliders are always lad in green ? This is to enable them to camouflaging themselves during wartime . Hiding in the jungles, their green attire blend into the surrounding trees and shrubs making it difficult for the enemies to spot them. Long before man made use of camouflaging , insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colour close to those of the rocks and dried leaves, they can escape from being pursued by the predators. Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite defenceless and their predators are abundant. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain butterflies and months to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around. Fortunately, not all insects choose the art of disguise to escape from their predators, otherwise , the world would be so dull and colourless. There are insects which assimilate the bright body colours of bees and wasps to escape from being pursued by their predators. Long ago birds have already learnt to avoid brilliantly coloured wasps and bees in fear of their painful stings. Hence , over millions of years, many harmless insects have assimilated the bees and wasps by imitating their bright body colours and shapes. In this way, they appear dangerous and hence ward them off. The beefly not only appears like the bumblebee in terms of body colour, even its hums sound similar too. The only difference is that the beefly does not have a sting and is hence harmless. The hovertly is another insect which imitates the body colours of the wasps. Their bodies are striped yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings, and they have only one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by the predators and hence help them to escape. Grammar : Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed : Insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators· (Replace infinitive with gerund and rewrite .) |
| Answer» Insects have alredy adopted the tactic of disguise for escaping form the clutches of their predators. | |
| 11. |
Have you ever wondered why soliders are always lad in green ? This is to enable them to camouflaging themselves during wartime . Hiding in the jungles, their green attire blend into the surrounding trees and shrubs making it difficult for the enemies to spot them. Long before man made use of camouflaging , insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colour close to those of the rocks and dried leaves, they can escape from being pursued by the predators. Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite defenceless and their predators are abundant. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain butterflies and months to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around. Fortunately, not all insects choose the art of disguise to escape from their predators, otherwise , the world would be so dull and colourless. There are insects which assimilate the bright body colours of bees and wasps to escape from being pursued by their predators. Long ago birds have already learnt to avoid brilliantly coloured wasps and bees in fear of their painful stings. Hence , over millions of years, many harmless insects have assimilated the bees and wasps by imitating their bright body colours and shapes. In this way, they appear dangerous and hence ward them off. The beefly not only appears like the bumblebee in terms of body colour, even its hums sound similar too. The only difference is that the beefly does not have a sting and is hence harmless. The hovertly is another insect which imitates the body colours of the wasps. Their bodies are striped yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings, and they have only one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by the predators and hence help them to escape. Grammar : Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed : They have only one pair of wings. ( Make it negative without changing the meaning.) |
| Answer» They do not have more than one pair of wings. | |
| 12. |
Your college is 20 km away from your village. You go to the college by S.T. bus, but the bus timings are notof complaint for you and other students. Write a letter of complaint to the Depot Manager of your town/city Suggest some solutions for the problem. |
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Answer» `" ""24/2, Riya Society"` `" ""kasabe Vasti"` `" ""Ambegaon"` `" ""24th June , 20XX"` The Depot Manager, S.T. Bus Depot Swargate. Subject : Asking for a change in the bus timings Sir, I am writing this letter on behalf of all the school and college e- going students in our area to request you to change the timings of the S.T .Bus . We are around 50 to 60 students who travel daily by S.T bus to our respective schools and colleges in the city. The distance is around 20 kms and we have no other option. Earlier, the first bus used to come at 36:30 a.m . But how the timings are changed so the first but is available at 7: 00 a.m. As a result, we cannot reach before 7: 30 a.m and are always late to our schools and colleges . Similarly, instead of 4: 30 p.m., the bus comes at 6 : 00 p.m.,. So we reach back home around 7 : 30 p.m. It has made a hectic and tiring schedule for us. It is causing a great inconveince. I am requesting you to change these present timings. The first bus should be at 6: 15 or 6: 30 a.m . so that wer all can come back home early and find some time for our study. kindly consider th is application and help us . Thanking you, `" ""Yours sincerely"`. `" ""(XYZ)"` |
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| 13. |
Leaflet : Prepare a short Tourist Leaflet on any hill station you like , with the help of the following points : How to go there Where to stay Places worth visiting Shopping attractions Add your own points |
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Answer» 1. MAHABALESHWAR is a popular hill the Sahyadrish in Maharashtra. It is about 4710ft above sea level. (1) How to reach there : Mahabaleshwar is accessible by S.T., train and train ply form Mumbai - Pune. Joureny to Mahabaleshwar is full of adventure. The pictursque roads full of nature enlightens our eyes and mind. (2) Accommondation : Accommodation is not at all a problem is Mahabaleshwar price. MTDC has made available on - like booking service. Worth - seeing place : One can visit so many places in Mahabaleshwar. Like - Partapgrah, Veena Lake , Mapro Garden, Ling Malla falls , etc. (4) Specialities : Fruits like cherries, strawberris and mulberries are the specility of Mahabaleshwar. Horse riding and greenery are the other special features of Mahabaleshwar. It is advisable to visit Mahabaleshwar during October to April to enjoy the nature in its fullest at this time . |
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| 14. |
When ethyl bromide is treated with moist `Ag_(2)O` main product is//are. |
| Answer» `underset("(Ethylbromide)")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-Br)+AgOHoverset(Ag_(2)O+H_(2)O)rarrunderset("(Ethylalcohol)")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-OH)+AgBr` | |
| 15. |
Reaction of ethyl bromide and silver acetate gives – |
| Answer» `underset("Ethylbromide")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-Br)+underset("Silver acetate")(Ag-O-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(3))overset(Delta)rarrunderset("Ethylacetate")(CH_(3)-CH_(2))-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(3)+AgBr` | |
| 16. |
Ethyl bromide on treatment with alcoholic KOH gives |
| Answer» `underset("(Ethylbromide)")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-Br)+underset("(Alc.)")(KOH)overset(Delta)rarrunderset("(Ethene)")(CH_(2)=CH_(2))+KBr+H_(2)O` | |
| 17. |
कुछ दिनों बाद राजा चल बसा । मंत्री जी को फिक्र हुए , अब कौन राज - काज सँभाले ? कौन राजा बने ? वह खुद बहुत बूढ़े थे । राज-काज से अब वह भी छुटकारा चाहते थे । मगर इसके पहले किसी चतुर आदमी के हाथ में वह राज - काज सौंप देना चाहते थे । ऐसा चतुर आदमी आखिर कहाँ मिले , कैसे मिले ? मंत्री इसी सोच में थे । उन्होंने कुछ चतुर -सयाने लोगों से सलाह ली पर कोई ठीक राय दे न सका । मंत्री सब तरफ से निराश हो गये । कुछ सूझ नहीं रहा था , क्या करे ? राजा का चुनाव साधारण काम तो था नहीं , राज्यभर की जनता के हित - अहित का सवाल था । कहीं किसी गलत आदमी को राजा चुन बैठे तो राज्य बर्बाद हो सकता था । मंत्री को यह सवाल नामुनकिन जान पड़ने लगा । तो क्या वह सवाल सचमुच ही नहीं सुलझा ? नहीं , वह एक दिन अचानक ही सुलझ गया । उस दिन मंत्री महल के पीछे सरोवर के किनारे टहल रहे थे । वह जगह सुहावनी और सुनसान थी । मंत्री को जब कोई गहरी बात सोचनी होती थी तब वे वही चले जाते थे । उस दिन भी वहाँ नया राजा चुनने के बारे में सोचने गये थे । मंत्री जी सोच में डूबे थे कि यकायक उनके कानो में कुछ मानक पड़ी । पास कोई बातचीत कर रहा था। मंत्री ने सोचा , इस सुनसान जगह में कौन बातचीत कर रहा है ? बातचीत की आवाज सरोवर के बीच से आ रही थी। मंत्री में उस ओर देखा , हंस और हंसिनी उन्ही के बारे में बाते कर रहे थे । मंत्री कान लगाकर उनकी बाते सुनने लगे । निम्नलिखित घटनाओं का सही क्रम लगाइए : १. हंस - हंसिनी की बाते सुनना । २. मंत्री जी की फिक्र । ३ .राजा की मृत्यु । ४. सरोवर के किनारे भटकना । |
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Answer» (३) राजा की मृत्यु । (२) मंत्री जी कि फिक्र । (४) सरोवर के किनारे भटकना । (१) हंस - हंसिनी की बातों सुनना। |
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| 18. |
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से किसी एक शब्द का विशेषण रूप लीखिए : (१) खौफ (२) व्यवसाय |
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Answer» (१) खौफ - खौफनाक । (२) व्यवसाय - व्यावसायिक । |
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| 19. |
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में से किन्ही दो वाक्यों के काल परिवर्तन करके वाक्य फिर से लीखिए : १. काम करने से भीतर की शक्ति जाग उठती है । ( पूर्ण भूतकाल में ) २. चौधरी अपने बच्चों को स्कूल नहीं भेजेगा । ( सामान्य वर्तमान काल में ) 3. बहुत से युवक अपनी योग्यता की डींग हाँके बीना संतुष्ट नहीं होते । (सामान्य भविष्यत् काल में ) |
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Answer» (१) काम करने से भीतर की शक्ति जाग उठी थी । (२) चौधरी अपने बच्चों को स्कूल नहीं भेजता है । (३) बहुत से युवक अपनी योग्यता की डींग हाँके बीना संतुष्ट नहीं होते । |
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| 20. |
निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर लगभग २५० से ३०० शब्दों में निबन्ध लीखिए : (१) दैनिक जीवन में अनुशासन का महत्व । |
| Answer» जीवन में सफलता प्राप्ति का मूलमन्त्र है अनुशासन । अनुशासन का अर्थ है , किसी काम को सही तरीके से सम्पादित करना । ऐसा करने में हमे अतिरिक्त मेहनत करने की जरुरत पड़ सकती है , पर यह भी सच है कि मंजिल तक पहुँचने का यही एक रास्ता है। जो अनुशासन में रहते हुए अपने काम में अथक परिश्रम करते है , सफलता उनको ही नसीब होती है । व्यक्ति का स्वभाव ही ऐसा है कि वह नतीजे की परवाह किये बिना ही अपनी इच्छा के अनुसार काम करना पसन्द करता है । नियम के अनुसार काम करने के बजाय शॉर्टकट तरीका अपनाता है टहटह गलत ढंग से सफलता प्राप्त करने की कोशिश करता है , परन्तु वह सफलता क्षणिक होती है । इसलिए काम में अनुशासन जरुरी है । अनुशासन की सच्ची शिक्षा कम कुदरत से ले सकते है सूर्य और चन्द्रमा भी समय पर निकलते है तथा समय पर ही डूबते है ऋतुए भी समयानुसार आती है इसके अलावा पशु - पक्षियों के जीवन में भी अनुशासन देखा जा सकता है । अनुशासन का जीवन में विशेष महत्व है , समस्त प्रकृति एक अनुशासन में बँधकर चलती है । इसलिए उसके किसी भी क्रिया - कलाप में बाधा नहीं आती है । दिन -रात नियमित रूप से आते रहते है , इससे स्पष्ट है कि अनुशासन के द्वारा ही जीवन को सार्थक बनाया जा सकता है । अनुशासन दैनिक जीवन में होना बहुत आवश्यक है । अनुशासन के बिना तो रोजमर्रा के काम भी अधूरे रह जाते है । घर में काम करने वाली मेड का भी अपना अनुशासन होता है , तभी वह अपना काम कर सकती है । अनुशासन का विद्यार्थी के साथ गहरा सम्बन्ध होता है । उनको अपने माता - पिता की तरह आदर प्रदान करना आदि । जीवन के आरम्भ में ही व्यक्ति अगर अनुशासन का महत्व समझ लेता है तो उसे स्वंय ही एक राष्ट्रीय नागरिक के रूप में विकसित होने का सही मार्ग प्राप्त हो जाऐगा । | |
| 21. |
निम्नलिखित में से किन्ही चार शब्दों के लिए हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द लीखिए : 1. Grant 2. Tragedy 3. Manager 4. Dispute 5. Hardware 6. Gravitation 7. Administration 8. Stay. |
| Answer» (१) अनुदान , (२) दुखद घटना ,(३) प्रबन्धक , (४) विवाद , (५) यंत्रसामग्री , (६) गुरुत्वाकर्षण , (७) प्रशासन , (८ ) स्थगन । | |
| 22. |
The standard enthalpy of combustion of formaldehyde `Delta_(c)H^(@)=-571kJ`. How much heat will be evolved in the formation of 22 g of `CO_(2)` ? |
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Answer» Enthalpy of combustion of formaldehyde `CH_(2)O_((g))+O_(2((g))rarr CO_(2(g))+H_(2)O((g))` `Delta_(c)H^(@)=-571kJ` `"Molar of "CO_(2)=("Mass of "CO_(2))/("Molar mass of "CO_(2))` `=(22)/(44)=(1)/(2)=0.5` `therefore" "` Heat evolved in the formation of 0.5 moles of `CO_(2)=-571xx0.5 =-285.5kJ` |
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| 23. |
Write Arrhenius equation. Derive on expression for temperature variations. |
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Answer» Arrhenius equation : `K=A.e^(-Ea//RT)` `"or ln K"=lnA-(E_(a))/(RT)` `"pr "log_(10)K=log_(10)K-(E_(a))/(2.303RT)` Arrhenius equation at two different temperatures `log_(10)K_(1)=log_(10)A-(E_(a))/(2.303RT_(1))" ...(1)"` `log_(10)K_(2)=log_(10)A-(E_(a))/(2.303RT_(1))" ...(2)"` Equation (2) - (1) `log_(10)K_(2)-log_(10)K_(1)=-(E_(a))/(2.303RT_(2))+(E_(a))/(2.303RT_(1))` `therefore" "log_(10).(E_(a))/(2.303R)[(1)/(T)-(1)/(T_(2))]` `therefore" "log_(10).(K_(2))/(K_(1))=(E_(a))/(2.303R)[(T_(2)-T_(1))/(T_(1)T_(2))]` |
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| 24. |
What is photelectric effect ? Define (i) Stopping potential (ii) Photoelectric work function. |
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Answer» Photoelectric effect : The phnomenon of emission of electron by cetain substance (metal) when it is exposed to ratiation of suitable frequency is called photelectric effect. (i) Stopping potential : the minimum negative potential given to the plate for which photoelectric current stops flowing is, called cut off or stopping potential. (ii) Photoelectric work function : The minimum energy required to just remove an electron from the surface of a certain metal is called photoelectric work function. |
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| 25. |
Explain the terms (a) Transducer and (b) Attenuation in communication system. |
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Answer» (a) Transducer : The device which convrts one from of energy into another form is called Transuder. E.g., LED Speaker, Microphone. (b) Attenuation : Loss of strenght of signal while propagating through a medium is called attenuation. |
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| 26. |
An electron of energy 150 e V has wavelength of `10^(-10)` m. The wavelength of a `0.60` keV electron is :A. `0.50Å`B. `0.75 Å`C. `1.2Å`D. `1.5Å` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - `0.50Å` | |
| 27. |
On heating a ferromagnetic substance above curie temperature |
| Answer» On treating ferromagnetic substance above Curie temperature it is changed into paramagnetic substance. | |
| 28. |
What are oxides ? Write different types of oxides with one example each. |
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Answer» Oxygen combines with a large number of metals and non-metals to form binary com-pounds. These binary compounds are called oxides. Types of oxides : (i) Acidic oxides : The oxides which combine with water to give an acid. e.g., `CO_(2),B_(2)O_(3),N_(2)O_(5),SO_(2),SO_(3),Cl_(2)O_(7)` (iii) Basic oxides : The oxides which combine with water to form a base. e.g., `CaO, Na_(2)O, K_(2)O, MgO`. (iii) Amphoteric oxides : The oxides which show both acidic and basic characteristics. e.g., `Al_(2)O_(3),SiO_(2),ZnO,PbO, SnO.` |
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| 29. |
Name the logic gate which generates high output when at least one input is high. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Or gate | |
| 30. |
Define capacitance of a capacitor and its SI unit. |
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Answer» Definition : The capacity of a capacitor to stor the charge is called its Capacitance. It is the ratio of magnitude of charge on either of conductor to the magnitude of potential difference between two conductors `i.e., C=(Q)/(V)` `1F=(1"Coulomb")/(1"Volt")` In other words, A Capacitor has a Capacitance of one , farad, if the potentital difference across it rises by 1 volt, when I Coulomb of charge is given to it. The S.I. unit of capacitance is Farad. |
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| 31. |
Explain the following properties of group 16 elements : (i) Electronegativity |
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Answer» Properties of group 16 elements : (i) Electronegativity : Decreases down the group (i.e., oxygen to polonium) |
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| 32. |
The half life period of a first order reaction is 6.0 h. Calculate the rate constant. |
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Answer» `K=(0.993)/(t_(1//2))=(0.693)/(6)=0.1155" hour"^(-1)` or `3.2 xx10^(-5)s^(-1)`. |
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| 33. |
A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 16 N/m. Calculate (a) Angular frequncy , (b) Frequency of vibrations. |
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Answer» Mass of body (m) =1 kg , Force Constant (k) =16 N/m , Angular frequency `(omega)` = ? Fequency of oscillation (n)=? (a) `omega=sqrt((k)/(m))` `omega=sqrt((16)/(1))=4 ` rad/s `omega =4` rads/s (b) `f=(omega)/(2pi)=(4)/(2xx3.142)=(2)/(3.142)` `f=0.6365`Hz |
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| 34. |
Explain the following properties of group 16 elements : (iv) Allotropy |
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Answer» Properties of group 16 elements : (iv) Allotropy : All elements show allotropy `O rarr O_(2) and O_(3), S rarr alpha, beta , gamma` plastic `Se rarr " red monoclinic, gray metallic,"` `Po rarr alpha and beta.` |
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| 35. |
महादेवी वर्मा का पशु - पक्षियों के प्रति प्रेमभाव अपने शब्दों में लीखिए । |
| Answer» महादेवी वर्माजी को पशु - पक्षियों के प्रति सहज लगाव था । उन्होंने कुत्ते - बिल्ली जैसे पशु पाल रखे थे । इतना ही नहीं अपने पशु जगत में हिरनों के प्रति भी काफी ममत्व था । उनके मन में प्राणियों के प्रति करुणा की प्रबल भावना थी । एक बार महादेवी वर्माजी के हिरण - शावक को पाल रखा था । उसका नाम सोना रखा था । सोना के अनाथ शिशुरुप को देखकर महादेवीजी अपनी ममता को रोक नहीं पाती । वे इसे पालना स्वीकार कर लेती है । महादेवी वर्मा उसे रात में अपने पलंग के पास ही रखती थी । सोना लेखिका के स्नेह से अच्छी तरह परिचित थी । उसे लेखिका से जरा भी डर नहीं लगता था । इसलिए सोना हिरणी अपना शरीर उनके पैरों से रगड़ती है । महादेवीजी सोना की बाल सुलभ चेस्ष्टाओं से आनन्दित होती है । सोना हिरणी जब महादेवीजी की साडी को अपने मुँह में भर लेती है , तब वे उसे डाँटती नहीं और न ही वैसा करने से मना करती है । इतना ही नहीं सोना कभी -कभी उनकी चोटी भी चबाती है, तो भी महादेवीजी उसे नहीं रोकती है । इस प्रकार महादेवीजी का मातृवत वात्सल्य दिखाई देता है । महादेवीजी का पशुओं के प्रति स्नेह का दर्शन ही सोना द्वारा होता है । | |
| 36. |
ऐसी बानी बोलिए , मन का आपा खोय । औरन को सीतल करौ, आपहु सीतल होय ।। पाहन पूजे हरि मिलों, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार । ताते यह चाकी भली , पीस खाय संसार ।। जहाँ दया तहाँ धर्म है , जहाँ लोभ तहाँ पाप । जहाँ क्रोध तहाँ काल है , जहाँ छिमा तहाँ आप ।। निम्नलिखित शब्दों का अर्थ लीखिए : (अ) चाकी - (ब) संसार - |
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Answer» (अ) चाकी - चक्की ( अनाज पिसने की ) (ब) संसार - दुनिया , जगत |
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| 37. |
ऐसी बानी बोलिए , मन का आपा खोय । औरन को सीतल करौ, आपहु सीतल होय ।। पाहन पूजे हरि मिलों, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार । ताते यह चाकी भली , पीस खाय संसार ।। जहाँ दया तहाँ धर्म है , जहाँ लोभ तहाँ पाप । जहाँ क्रोध तहाँ काल है , जहाँ छिमा तहाँ आप ।। उपर्युक्त दोहों का भावार्थ ६ से ८ पंक्तियों में लिखिए । |
| Answer» कबीरजी कहते है कि मनुष्य को अपना गर्व त्यागकर सदा मीठी बोली बोलना चाहिए । मीठी बोली बोलने से सुनने वाला व्यक्ति संतुष्ट होता है । और बोलने वाले को भी आनन्द की अनुभूति होती है । कबीर ईश्वर के निराकार रूप को मानते है । वे मूर्ति पूजा में विश्वास नहीं रखते । उनके अनुसार पत्थर की मूर्ति पूजने से कोई लाभ नहीं होता । मूर्ति पूजा हमारे अज्ञान का प्रतीक है । कबीरजी का कहना है कि मूर्ति की पूजा करने से भगवान के दर्शन होते है , तो वे पत्थर से बने समूचे पहाड़ की ही पूजा करने को तैयार है । उनके मतानुसार पत्थर की मूर्ति से अच्छी तो घर की आटा पीसने की चक्की है , जिसमे पीसा हुआ आता सारी दुनिया के लोग खाते है । कबीर के अनुसार दया ही सच्चा धर्म है उसी से ईश्वर प्रसन्न होते है । लोभ और क्रोध पाप और विनाश के रूप है । इनसे हमेशा बचना चाहिए । क्षमा इस्वर का निवास - स्थान होता है । जहाँ दया की भावना होती है , वही धर्म होता है जहाँ लोभ की भावना होती है , वहाँ पाप की उत्पत्ति अवश्य होती है । जहाँ क्रोध का वर्चस्व होता है , वहाँ विनाश का सामाज्य होता है । इसी तरह जहाँ क्षमा करने की प्रवृति होती है वहाँ ईश्वर स्वंय मैाजूद रहते है । क्षमा मनुष्य का सबसे बड़ा गुण है । | |
| 38. |
What are ethers? How are they classified? |
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Answer» Ethers are derivatives of hydrocarbons in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkoxy `(-OR)` or an aryloxy `(-OAr)` group. Classification : (i) Simple of symmetrical ethers : The ethers, in which both the alkyl or aryl groups attached to oxygen atom are same, e.g., `CH_(3)-O-CH_(3)` Dimethyl ether. (ii) Mixed or unsymmetrical ethers : The ethers in which two alkyl or groups attached to oxygen atom are different `CH_(3)-O-C_(2)H_(5)` ethyl methyl ether. |
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| 39. |
What is the ratio of octahedral holes to the number of anions in hexagonal closed packed structure? |
| Answer» Correct Answer - `1:` | |
| 40. |
RADIUS OF GYRATION |
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Answer» Radius of gyration : It is defined as perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the point at which entire mass of the body is supposed to be conecntrated, so as to have the same moment of inertia as that of the body about the same axis of rotation. Physical significance: (i) The value of mass and radiys of gyration of the body about a given axis of rotation gives the value of its moment of inertia about the same axis, even, if we do not know the actual shape of the body. (ii) The samll value of radius of gyration shows that hte mass of the body distributed close to the axis of rotation so that moment of inertia is small. (iii) The large value of radiys of gyrations shows that hte maas of body is distributed at large distance from the axis of rotation and the moment of inertia is large. |
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| 41. |
How many faradays of electricity are required to produce 6 g of Mg from `MgCl_(2)`? |
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Answer» `MgCl_(2) rarr Mg^(2+) +2Cl^(-)` `Mg^(2+) +2e^(-) rarr Mg` `because" "` 2 Moles of electron are required to produce 1 mole of Mg 2 moles of electrons = 2 faraday electricity `"No. of moles of Mg"=("Mass of Mg")/("Molar mass of Mg")` `=(6)/(24)=0.25" mole"` `because " "` 1 mole of Mg required 2 faraday electricity `therefore" "0.25` mole of Mg required `=(2)/(1)xx0.25` `="0.50 faraday"` |
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| 42. |
What is the value of tangential acceleration in U.C.M ? |
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Answer» `:.` Tangential accleration in U.C.M. is given by : `alpha=(domega)/(dt)` where `=omega` constant in U.C.M. Therefore, `alpha=0` |
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| 43. |
From differential equation of linear S.H.M obtain an expression for acceleration. Velocity and displacement of a particle performing S.H.M. A sononmeter wire 1 meter long weighing 2 g is in resonsnace with a tunning fork of frequency 300 Hz. Find tension in the sonometer wire. |
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Answer» The differential equation of linear S.H.M. is `(d^(2)x)/(dt^(2))+(k)/(m)x=0` When `m to` mass of the particle performing S.H.M. `(d^(2)x)/(dt^(2))to` acceleration of particles, `k to` force constant. `:. (d^(2)x)/(dt^(2))+(k)/(m)x=0` `:. "Let", (k)/(m)= omega^(2)` `:. (d^(2)x)/(d^(2))+omega^(2)=0` Acceleration, `a=(d^(2)x)/(dt^(2))` `=-omega^(2)x " "...(i)` This is the expression of acceleration, Where, negative sign indicate that acceleration and the dissplacement are in oppsite direction. Now, `v=(dv)/(dt)` `:. a=(d^(2)x)/(dt^(2))` `=(dv)/(dt)=(dv)/(dx)*(dx)/(dt)=(dv)/(dx)*y` `=v*(dv)/(dx)` `:. v*(dv)/(dx)=-omega^(2)x` Intergrating both sides ` int v dv=- omega^(2) int x dx` `:. (v^(2))/(2)=-(omega^(2)x^(2))/(2)+C" "...(ii)` where, C is integration constant. At extreme position `x=+-A` where, A is Amplitude. `0=-(omega^(2)A^(2))/(2)+C` `C=(omega^(2)A^(2))/(2)` On substituting the value of C in equation (i), `(v^(2))/(2)=-(omega^(2)x^(2))/(2)+(omega^(2)A^(2))/(2)` `v^(2)=omega^(2)(A^(2)-x^(2))` `v=+- omega sqrt(A^(2)-x^(2))` On Substituting the value of C in equation (i), `(v^(2))/(2)=-(omega^(2)x^(2))/(2)+(omega^(2)A^(2))/(2)` `v^(2)=omega^(2)(A^(2)-x^(2))` `v=+-omegasqrt((A^(2)-x^(2))` This is the expression for velocity Now,`(dx)/(dt)=omegasqrt(A^(2)-x^(2)) ( :. v=(dv)/(dt))` `(dx)/(sqrt(A^(2)-x^(2)))= omega dt` Integrating both side `int (dx)/(sqrt(A^(2)-x^(2)))int omega. dt` `sin^(-1)((x)/(A))= omega t+alpha` where, `alpha` is integration constant. `:. (x)/(A)= sin (omegat+alpha)` `x=A sin (omega t+alpha)` This is the expression for displacement, where `alpha` depends upon internal condition. Numerical Given `L=1m,=2g=0.002kg,n=300Hz`. `n=(1)/(2L)sqrt((T)/(m))` `T=4n^(2)L^(2)m` `=3(300)^(2)xx(1)^(2)xx0.002` `T=720N` |
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| 44. |
In Van Arkel method for refining zirconium or titanium, the halogen used is ………….A. fluorineB. chlorineC. bromineD. iodine |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D iodine |
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