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Easy and less expensive establishment procedure, efficient management, systematic decisions, increased goodwill, division of labour, etc.

Successful implementation of e-business requires certain resources. The various resources required for the successful implementation-of e-business are:

1. Well- designed Website: For the successful implementation of e-business, a business enterprise must develop a comprehensive website to communicate effectively with its customers, suppliers and business partners. The website should provide detailed information about the firm’s products and services. The data should be supported by suitable pictures, graphs, etc.

2. Clear Cyber Laws: There should be clear cyber laws. Absence of Clear cyber laws is an impediment in the implementation of e-business.

3. Effective Telecommunication system: E-business requires an effective telecommunication system in the form of telephone lines, optic fiber cables and internal technology to handle the traffic on the internet. E-business cannot be successful if telephone lines are getting frequently disconnected, and it is difficult to access the internet. The problem of Digital divide also must be solved to make e-business available to common man. It must be noted that the cost of hardware and the price of using the internet must be within the reach of low and middle income groups.

4. Adequate Computer Hardware: The business firm should have adequate computer hard ware. It must procure and install computers with necessary speed, memory and nodes to handle the expected volume of business. The firm should also provide the necessary Internet Service Provider and Application Service Provider Server and Portals, and e-mail facilities.

5. Security and Safety of Business Transactions: Though e-business is supposed to be safe and secure because of its digital or electronic code system, it is subject to security and safety risks, such as brand hijacking, hacking, which destroys the data and information, viruses which can enter the system and clean up the data and information stored up by the computer, etc.

6. Technically Qualified and Responsive Workforce: A Well trained work force, capable of working easily with the internet and computer networks, is essential for e-business. The staff must also be trained to handle sales enquiries, processing orders and ensuring prompt delivery. There should be proper co-ordination between receipt of order, delivery of goods and receipt’of payment so as to minimise errors.

7. Psyche of the People: The psyche of the people is one of the factors required for the successful implementation of e-business. For instance, in India, the psyche of the people is one of the obstacles in the development of e-business. Psychologically, the Indian Consumers, at least the older generation, do not like to buy thing without touching and feeling them.

8. System of Receiving Payments: A fool-proof system of receiving payment for the goods sold must be developed. Adequate information should be made available to enable the customer to calculate the amount to be paid. An inbuilt system of refund, in case excess amount is received, should be created. Business firms must make arrangements with banks and credit card agencies to facilitate electronic receipts and payments of money.

The resources required for successful implementation of E-Business are :

1. Computer Hardware : The first requirement for implementation of e-commerce is the availability of adequate computer hardware.

2. Telecommunication Facilities : e-business can be carried out if a business enterprise has access to the effective telecommunication system.

3. Internet Connection : For carrying out e-commerce, the business firm must get an internet connection from any Internet Service Provider.

4. Company’s Website : To carry out e-Business, the business enterprise must develop a comprehensive website. This will facilitate communication with customers, other business enterprises and even government departments.

5. Qualified Personnel : It is essential for the business firm to have technically qualified personnel to make use of computer networks and internet for business transactions.

6. Reliable Payment System : For the success of e-commerce, the business enterprise needs to develop an efficient system of receiving payments for the goods sold.

A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument.

The World Trade Organization.

The debentures cannot be issued at a discount of more than 10% of the face value.

False

Redeemable debentures are those debentures, which are payable on the expiry of the specific period.

True

(a) Cost of raw material

(a) the short-run, but not the long-run

(b) when units of a variable input are added to a fixed input and marginal product falls

(c) increasing marginal costs

(a) Debenture redemption fund account

(b) Debenture redemption reserve

An input is a good or service that goes into the process of production. In the words of Baumol, “An input is simply anything which the firm buys for use in its production or other processes.”

It refers to the behaviour of output when only one variable factor of production is increased in short-run and fixed factors remain constant.

According to P.A. Samuelson, “An increase in some inputs relative to other fixed inputs will, in a given state of technology, cause output to increase; but after a point, the extra output resulting from the same additions of extra inputs will become less and less.”

First stage is called the Stage of Increasing Returns. The law of increasing returns operates because of indivisibility of fixed factors. It means, in order to produce goods upto a given limit, at least one unit of the fixed factor is a fixed.

The land is is a free gift of nature and is in limited quantity. It is not possible to do any production without the help of land. Without land, it is not possible to do agriculture work, construction work, or service work. Due to this, land occupies an important position in production work.

When at a certain time, keeping some means of production constant, a certain means is increased, and if the production increases with a higher rate than increase in variable means, it is called law of increasing production.

When in agricultural activity, the land is kept constant and the quantity of other inputs is increased, then the increased in production is less in proportion to the increase in quantity of inputs. This is the law of diminishing production.

(a) the change in total cost due to a one-unit change in output

“They are not gifts but merely lendings. In this statement the narrator wants to teach an important message to the readers that all the gifts which the fairy brought for the men such as Pleasure, Riches, Love and Fame are like the loan in the life because the loan brings happiness for a moment and after then we have to pay the loan in return with interest. In the same way the gifts bring unnecessary troubles and sorrows which make the life of men difficult.

Pleasure, Love, Fame and Riches are temporary and appear in our life in disguise of pain, grief, shame and poverty, which are as the interest of all these pleasures. It means the prosperity brings agonies and uncertainty in the life of men; so we must avoid the materials in our life in order to live a perfect life in this mortal world.

ये उपहार नहीं बल्कि सीधे ऋण हैं। इस वाक्य में लेखक पाठकों को महत्त्वपूर्ण संदेश देता है कि सभी पुरस्कार जो कि परी मानव के लिए लाई थी जैसे कि खुशी, सम्पत्ति, प्रेम तथा प्रसिद्धि, ये सभी ऋण/कर्ज की तरह होती हैं। मानव जीवन में क्योंकि ऋण क्षणिक खुशी लाता है लेकिन इसके पश्चात् हमें ऋण को ब्याज सहित पुनः चुकाना पड़ता है। इसी तरह ये उपहार हमारे जीवन में अनावश्यक कठिनाइयाँ व दु:ख प्रदान करते हैं जो जीवन को मुश्किल बना देते हैं।

खुशी, प्रेम, प्रसिद्धि तथा सम्पत्ति ये सभी अस्थाई हैं तथा हमारे जीवन में भेष बदल कर प्रवेश करती हैं। ये सभी दर्द, दुःख, शर्म तथा गरीबी के रूप में बदल जाते हैं और सारी खुशियों के ब्याज के रूप में हमें भुगतना पड़ता है। कहने का आशय यह है कि खुशहाली मानव जीवन में दु:ख व अस्थिरता लाती है। अतः हमें भौतिक वस्तुओं को अपने जीवन में नकारना चाहिए इस नश्वर संसार में पूर्ण जीवन जीने के लिए।

There were tears in the eyes of the fairy because she was regretting on the wrong selection and ignorance of the person who had selected his destruction due to ignorance.

परी की आँखों में आँसू थे क्योंकि वह व्यक्ति के गलत चुनाव तथा अज्ञानता पर दुःख व्यक्त कर रही थी जिसने अज्ञानतावश अपनी बर्बादी का चुनाव कर लिया था।

The fairy would choose death for the man if he asked her to choose a gift for him because she knew that death brings the sense of Love, Pleasure and Fame for the man because after death the man is regarded by everyone and everyone becomes his lover and he becomes popular in the society. In this way the Death makes a man honorable and it removes all the drawbacks of the men besides Pleasure, Love, Fame and Wealth.

परी आदमी के लिए मौत का चुनाव करती यदि वह उसे उसके लिए एक उपहार का चुनाव करने को कहता क्योंकि वह जानती थी कि मृत्यु उसके लिए प्रेम, प्रसन्नता तथा शोहरत लाती क्योंकि मृत्यु के पश्चात् आदमी का सबके द्वारा सम्मान किया जाता है तथा प्रत्येक व्यक्ति उसका प्रेमी बन जाता है तथा वह समाज में प्रसिद्ध हो जाता है। इस तरह से मृत्यु एक आदमी को सम्माननीय बना देती है तथा यह खुशी, प्रेम शोहरत तथा सम्पत्ति को छोड़कर आदमी के सारे अवगुण समाप्त कर देती है।

Wealth was the precious and valuable gift according to the person because It would make his life worthy to live and all the persons who mocked and made him uneasy would crawl before him and he could buy everything of the world and spend as much as he liked.

व्यक्ति के अनुसार सम्पत्ति सबसे कीमती व मूल्यवान उपहार था क्योंकि यह उसके जीवन को जीने योग्य बना देती तथा सभी व्यक्ति जो उसे चिढ़ाते थे तथा उसे परेशान करते थे वे उसके सामने घुटनों के बल चलते तथा वह सब कुछ खरीद सकता था तथा जितना चाहता उतना धन खर्च कर सकता था।

The person chose “pleasure” as a gift in the beginning because the youth wanted complete delight in his life and to enjoy luxuries of the world in order to make his life easy and perfect

आदमी ने शुरू में आमोद-प्रमोद को एक उपहार के रूप में चुना। क्योंकि युवा अपने जीवन में पूर्ण प्रसन्नता, आनन्द व संसार की सारी विलासिताएँ भोगना चाहता था अपने जीवन को सुखद व पूर्ण बनाने के लिए।

After choosing the Pleasure and finding its results the man reacted with disappointment and said that he wasted several years of his life for the sake of pleasure. It was not worthy to be chosen. He desires if he were be given an another chance to choose the gift he would choose it with great care and wisdom.

आमोद-प्रमोद को चुनने के पश्चात् तथा उसके परिणामों से अवगत होने के पश्चात् आदमी निराश हुआ तथा बोला कि उसने आमोद-प्रमोद के लिए अपने जीवन के अनेक वर्ष बर्बाद कर दिए। यह चुनने के योग्य नहीं था। वह इच्छा व्यक्त करता है कि यदि उसे चुनाव का दूसरा अवसर दिया जाता तो वह उपहार का बड़ी सावधानी व बुद्धिमतापूर्वक चुनाव करता।

(b) A little child

According to the fairy the man should not deserve Pleasure, Love, Fame and Riches because they bring destruction in the life of a man.

परी के अनुसार व्यक्ति को खुशी, प्रेम, प्रसिद्धि तथा धन का पात्र नहीं बनना चाहिये क्योंकि ये व्यक्ति के जीवन में बर्बादी लाते हैं।

The person got ruined old age and insult.

व्यक्ति को अन्त में उजड़ी हुई वृद्धावस्था तथा बेइज्जती प्राप्त हुई।

The man was not satisfied with his first choice which was the pleasure because the term of all the pleasures was very short and it would disappoint the man. It would prove empty and useless and at last every rejoice would depart from the grip of the man. It means the pleasures would be proved a great trouble for the man. So he was not happy with his first choice.

आदमी अपने प्रथम चुनाव से संतुष्ट नहीं था जो कि आमोद-प्रमोद था क्योंकि सभी खुशियों का समय बहुत छोटा था तथा इससे आदमी निराश हुआ। ये सभी व्यर्थ तथा खाली सिद्ध हुईं तथा अन्त में सभी आमोदप्रमोद, आदमी की पकड़ से चले गये। कहने का आशय है कि सभी आमोद-प्रमोद आदमी के लिए बड़ी समस्या सिद्ध हुए। इसलिए वह अपने प्रथम चुनाव से संतुष्ट नहीं था।

The fairy told the person to choose wisely because she knew that a single mistake and wrong selection can destroy complete life of a person and he has to regret throughout his life.

परी ने व्यक्ति को बुद्धिमानीपूर्वक चुनाव करने को कहा क्योंकि वह जानती थी कि एक गलती तथा गलत चुनाव व्यक्ति के सम्पूर्ण जीवन को बर्बाद कर सकता है तथा उसे जीवन भर पछताना पड़ता है।

The fairy began to cry when the man chose love because according to the opinion of the fairy it was not the right decision of the man. Once again he had made mistake because the love also decreases gradually and at last the man remains without it. · Then after there lives complete desolation and at last the man curses love in his life.

परी रोने लगती है जब आदमी प्रेम का चुनाव करता है क्योंकि परी के विचार से यह आदमी का सही चुनाव नहीं था। एक बार पुनः वह गलती कर चुका था क्योंकि प्रेम भी धीरे-धीरे कम हो जाता है और अंत में आदमी इसके बिना ही रहता है। इसके पश्चात् वहाँ पूर्ण वीराना रह जाता है। अंत में आदमी अपने जीवन में प्रेम को कोसता है।

Love is the treacherous trader.

प्रेम, विश्वासघाती व्यापारी है।

The young men generally like Pleasure, Pove, Fame and Riches.

युवा व्यक्तियों को सामान्यतया खुशी, प्रेम, प्रसिद्धि व धन-सम्पत्ति पसंद होती है।

(c) Sinking fund account

As per SEBI guidelines, an amount equal to 50% of the debenture issue, must be transferred to DRR before the redemption begins. 

The raindrops play music on the roof and create a sound of pitter-patter. To the poet this music is blissful. At the beginning of the poem, there is a certain tinge of sadness around which starts to weep away with the coming of raindrops. Every raindrop on the tiles of the roof creates a rhythm with the poet’s heartbeat.

The poet tries to focus s on listening to the pitter-patter on the roof whereas his mind weaves the recollections of fond memories of yesteryears. Rain bears a subtle link with all aspects of life. It serves as a powerful narrative tool in the poet’s life.

It has added a layer of depth s and fullness to the situation where the poet is concerned. It delivers an effective voice which s communicates the apt moment of time and space as well as the emotions of the protagonist I in a more poignant manner than mere words; would do.

(b) Only wind energy

(d) All these

Answer is: (c) 12

Answer is: (a) 67.1

Answer is: (b) 1951

Water harvesting system in the hilly areas are quite different from those of plain areas. Parts of Himachal Pradesh had evolved the local system of canal irrigation called talks over four hundred years ago. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man-made channels which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside. The management of the water flowing in these kulhs was done by a common agreement between all the villages. Interestingly, during the planting season, water was first used by the village farthest away from the source of the kulh, then by villages progressively higher up. These kulhs were managed by two or three people who were paid by the villagers. In addition to irrigation, water from these kulhs also percolated into the soil and fed springs at various points.

Agriculture done with lack of irrigation facility and scarcity of rainfall in the state is known as dry agriculture.

(a)(i) Vasectomy

(ii) Tubectomy.

(b)(i) Condom

(ii) Diaphragm.

(a) The diseases which are spread by sexual contact with an infected person are called Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Example: Aids, Syphilis.

(b) IUCD (Copper – T).

Tube wells and river water (Tungabhadra) are the water sources available to all people in our area. There are different sources in different places. In some places there is too much shortage of water because of failure of rain recently.