Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(i) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, the plantation workers were not permitted to leave tea-gardens without permission and, in fact, they were rarely given such permission. 

(ii) Thousands of plantation workers defied the authorities that left the plantation and headed home. 

(iii) They believed Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own village. 

(iv) They however, never reached their destination. 

(v) Stranded on the way by railway and steamer strike they were caught by the police and badly beaten up.

Volume of water striking the wall per second 

= 0.2 × 10^-2 = 2 × 10^-3 m³

Mass of the water striking the wall in one second = volume × density 

= 2 × 10^-3 × 1000 = 2 kg

Change in velocity of water on striking the wall in one second 

= 0.2 – 0 = 0.2 ms^-1

Force acting on the wall

= change in momentum

= 2 × 0.2

= 0.4N.

It is the inherent property of a material body by virtue of which it cannot change by itself, its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line. 

Inertia is of three types :

(i) inertia of rest 

(ii) inertia of motion 

(iii) inertia of direction. 

It may be defined as an agency (a push or pull) which changes or tends to change the state of rest or of uniform motion or the direction of a body. Force is a vector quantity. 

Whenever a body moves or tends to move over the surface of another body, a force comes into play which acts parallel to the surface of contact and opposes the relative motion. This opposing force is called friction. 

Types :

Static friction: The force of friction which comes into play between two bodies before one body actually starts moving over the other is called static friction (fs). Static friction is a self-adjusting force.

Limiting friction: The maximum force of static friction which comes into pay when a body just starts moving over the surface of another body is called limiting friction.

Kinetic friction: The force of friction which comes into play when a body is in steady motion over the surface of another body is called kinetic or dynamic friction (fk) kinetic friction is less than limiting friction.  

 Laws of limiting factor: 

(i) The force of limiting friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces in Contact and their state of roughness. 

(ii) The force of limiting friction acts tangential to the two surfaces in a contact and in a direction opposite to that of the applied force. 

(iii) The force of limiting friction between any two surfaces is independent of the Shape or area of the surfaces in contact so long as the normal reaction remains the same. 

(iv) The force of limiting friction between two given surfaces is directly proportional to the normal reaction between the two surfaces. Where the constant of proportionality is called the coefficient of limiting Friction.

यहाँ C₁ = 2 pF, C₂ = 3 pF, C₃ = 4 pF तथा संभरण वोल्टता V = 100 वोल्ट 

(a) संधारित्रों के पाश्र्वक्रम (समान्तर संयोजन) की कुल धारिता 

C = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ = 2 pF + 3 pF + 4 pF = 9 pF 

(b) पाश्र्वक्रम संयोजन के प्रत्येक संधारित्र के सिरों के बीच वोल्टता संभरण वोल्टता के बराबर ही होगी अर्थात् V = 100 वोल्ट 

अतः C₁ = 2 pF = 2 x 10^-12 F पर आवेश 

Q₁ = C₂ x V = 2 x 10^-12 F x 100 वोल्ट = 2 x 10^-10 कूलॉम 

C₂ = 3 pF = 3 x 10^-12 F पर आवेश 

Q₂ = C₂ x V = 3 x 10^-12 F x 100 वोल्ट = 3 x 10^-10 कूलॉम 

C₃ = 4 pF = 4 x 10^-12 F पर आवेश 

Q₃ = C₃ x V = 4 x 10^-12 F x 100 वोल्ट = 4 x 10^-10 कूलॉम

किसी संधारित्र की धारिता, उसकी एक प्लेट को दिए गए आवेश तथा दोनों प्लेटों के बीच उत्पन्न विभवान्तर के अनुपात के बराबर होती है।

अर्थात् संधारित्र की धारिता C = q/V

धारिता की विमा [M^-1L^-2T⁴A²] तथा मात्रक फैरड है।

संधारित्रों की प्लेटों के बीच परावैद्युत भरने से इसके अन्दर प्लेटों के बीच उपस्थित वैद्युत-क्षेत्र के विपरीत दिशा में एक आन्तरिक वैद्युत-क्षेत्र उत्पन्न हो जाता है, जो इसकी सतह पर प्लेटों के विपरीत आवेश के प्रेरित होने से उत्पन्न होता है। अतः प्लेटों के बीच विभवान्तर घट जाता है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप धारिता बढ़ जाती है।

• परावैद्युत सामर्थ्य- परावैद्युत पर आरोपित वैद्युत-क्षेत्र की तीव्रता का वह अधिकतम मान जिसको परावैद्युत बिना परावैद्युत भंजन के सहन कर सकता है, परावैद्युत की परावैद्युत सामर्थ्य कहलाती है। 

• भंजक विभवान्तर- किसी परावैद्युत पदार्थ के भंजक हुए बिना उसके दोनों सिरों के बीच लगाए गए वैद्युत विभवान्तर के अधिकतम मान को उस परावैद्युत का भंजक विभवान्तर कहते हैं।

वैद्युत धुवण- किसी परावैद्युत अथवा विद्युतरोधी को बाह्य वैद्युत क्षेत्र में रखने पर इसके धन व ऋण आवेशों के केन्द्र पृथक्-पृथक् हो जाते हैं, जिससे इनमें वैद्युत द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण प्रेरित हो जाते हैं। ऐसे परावैद्युत को ध्रुवित होना कहते हैं तथा इस घटना को वैद्युत ध्रुवण कहते हैं।

परावैद्युत पदार्थ वह पदार्थ होता है जिसके अन्दर सभी परमाणुओं में उनके सभी इलेक्ट्रॉन नाभिक के आकर्षण बल से दृढ़तापूर्वक बँधे रहते हैं। अतः ऐसे पदार्थों में वैद्युत चालन के लिए कोई भी मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन उपलब्ध नहीं होता अथवा मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉनों की संख्या नगण्य होती है। अतः परावैद्युत पदार्थ वे पदार्थ हैं जिनमें होकर वैद्युत प्रवाह नहीं होता। फिर भी यदि कोई वैद्युत-क्षेत्र किसी परावैद्युत पदार्थ पर आरोपित किया जाता है तो परावैद्युत पदार्थ के पृष्ठों पर प्रेरित आवेश उत्पन्न हो जाता है। अतः परावैद्युत पदार्थ वे कुचालक (insulator) पदार्थ हैं जिनमें वैद्युत प्रभाव (electric effects) बिना वैद्युत चालन के संचरित होते हैं।” किसी वैद्युत चालक के किसी बिन्दु पर दिया गया आवेश उसकी पूरी सतह पर शीघ्रता से फैल जाता है, जबकि किसी परावैद्युत के किसी बिन्दु पर दिया गया आवेश उसी के निकटवर्ती क्षेत्र में स्थिर रहता है। उदाहरण-काँच, रबर, प्लास्टिक, ऐबोनाइट, माइका, मोम, कागज, लकड़ी आदि।

किसी वैद्युत क्षेत्र में खींचा गया वह पृष्ठ जिस पर स्थित सभी बिन्दुओं पर वैद्युत विभव बराबर हो, समविभव पृष्ठ कहलाता है।

संधारित्र एक ऐसा समायोजन है जिसमें किसी चालक के आकार में परिवर्तन किये बिना उस पर आवेश की पर्याप्त मात्रा संचित की जा सकती है।

एक इलेक्ट्रॉन को दूसरे इलेक्ट्रॉन के अधिक नजदीक लाने पर निकाय की वैद्युत स्थितिज ऊर्जा बढ़ती है।

समविभव पृष्ठ के प्रत्येक बिन्दु पर विभव का मान समान होता है। अतः पृष्ठ के किन्हीं भी दो बिन्दुओं के बीच विभवान्तर ΔV = 0 

अतः q = 800 μC = 800 x 10^-6 कूलॉम को इन बिन्दुओं के बीच गति कराने में किया गया कार्य 

W = q x ΔV = (800 x 10^-6) x 0 = 0 (शून्य) [∴ 1 μC = 10^-6 C]

1. x-y समतल के समान्तर समतल। 

2. समविभव पृष्ठ x-y समतल के समान्तर होंगे, परन्तु बढ़ते क्षेत्र के साथ, भिन्न-भिन्न नियत विभव वाले समतल एक-दूसरे के समीप होते जाएँगे। 

3. संकेन्द्रीय गोले जिनके केन्द्र मूल बिन्दु पर हैं। 

4. ग्रिड के समीप, समविभव पृष्ठों की आकृति समय के साथ बदलेगी परन्तु ग्रिड से दूर जाने पर समविभव पृष्ठ ग्रिड (जाल) के अधिकाधिक समान्तर होते जाएँगे।

(iv) समविभव पृष्ट सर्वदा गोलाकार होते हैं।

(ii) 1 इलेक्ट्रॉन-वोल्ट

तड़ित के दौरान वातावरण की विद्युत ऊर्जा, प्रकाश ऊर्जा, ध्वनि ऊर्जा तथा ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा के रूप में क्षयित होती है।

यद्यपि वायुमण्डल 1800 A की औसत विसर्जन धारा के कारण लगातार निरावेशित होता रहता है। परन्तु साथ ही तड़ित तथा झंझावात के कारण यह लगातार आवेशित भी होता रहता है और इन दोनों के बीच एक सन्तुलन बना रहता है जिससे कि वायुमण्डल कभी भी पूर्णत: निरावेशित नहीं हो पाता।

The total length of the path travelled by an object between two places is called distance.

1. (c) 33

2. (b) 34

3. (a) HIDE

4. (b) BFOU

(A) Dibasic acid

1. ‘Trailing’ means following behind.

2. refers to Mamprim, the nurse

3. They are dogs. ‘Like this’ indicates ‘the waiting of the dogs at the door of the hospital’.

4. The antonyms for ‘conclude’ and ‘like’ are ‘commence’ and ‘dislike

5. “Homeless Man and his Friends: A true story”

1. The nurse Cris Mamprim and her colleagues witnessed the dogs’ loyalty.

2. Cesar came to the hospital.

3. The hospital was in Rio do Sul, South Brazil

4. He came to seek treatment and medication for a pre-existing health condition he had been battling.

5. The name of the nurse was Crim Mamprim.

5, 2,1,4,3 

5. They are all well taken care of and chubby. 

2. The faithful canines waited anxiously.

1. The staff let the dogs inside. 

4. They even offered food. 

3. The man ate some and saved a bit for the dogs.

1. Rio de Sul 

2. The stray dogs 

3. emergency 

4. boomerang 

5. the nurse

Life takes us on some interesting journey and having wonderful friends with us on the long ride can make both the best and worst periods enjoyable.

There is a homeless man called Cesar in South Brazil. He often sacrifices his own food to feed the stray dogs around him. One day he falls very sick and his kindness towards the animals comes back to him as they accompany him to the emergency room at a hospital in Brazil. The nurses are surprised to see Cesar who was new to the hospital. They did not know his previous condition. 

They were surprised to see four canines waiting at the entrance to see Cesar. Watching them, the nurse is impressed and posts the picture of the scene in the Facebook, stating a simple person without luxury depends on help to overcome pain and other evils has the best companions and that the exchange is mutual. 

They wait and Mamprin, the nurse, watches them reunite with their master in no time. When Cesar was offered food, he ate some and saved the rest for the dogs. Cesar has little material possessions and does not have any kin But he has his warm and loving companions. 

2,1,4,3,5 

2. There is a homeless man in South Brazil. 

1. He often sacrificed his food to feed the dogs. 

4. He suddenly required emergency treatment. 

3. His faithful dogs made sure he wasn’t alone. 

5. The loyalty of the dogs were witnessed by a nurse.

The homeless person Cesar, sacrifices his own food to feed the stray dogs around him. When he required emergency treatment, his kindness came back to him, like a boomerang. Four concerned dogs showed up at the entrance of the hospital and were waiting for Cesar. They were anxious about their homeless master’s health. Their master is a simple person, who depends on help to overcome the hunger, the cold, the pain, the evils of the world. He had by his side the best companions and the exchange is reciprocal. An exchange of love, affection, warmth and understanding

He was never alone because he had his warm and loving companions.

The staff let the dogs inside after giving Cesar the medication because they did not want to keep Cesar and his companions apart.

Cesar left the hospital after an hour.

No, he did not have any kin to turn to, and had little material possessions.

Cesar sacrifices his own food to feed the stray dogs.

Cesar normally goes to another health facility in town.

The nurse Cris Mamprim and her colleagues witnessed the dog’s loyalty

1. False 

2. False 

3. True 

4. True 

5. True

When Cesar was offered food by the nurses, he ate some and saved a bit to give the dogs later. Though Cesar was a homeless man in Rio do Sul in South Brazil, he often sacrificed his own food to feed the stray dogs around him. When he suddenly required emergency treatment, his kindness came back to him like a boomerang, for the faithful dogs he had been feeding made sure he was not alone.

1. Mamprim 

2. Mamprim about Cesai 

3. Mamprim about dogs 

4. Mamprim about Cesai 

5. Cesai

1,36,000 people followed Mamprim’s post.

Correct answer is (c) Cesar

The hospital is in Rio do Sul, in South Brazil.

The nurse posted the story on Facebook.

(i) V = V + V_f
(ii) Y = V_s – V_f

i. Open loop gain,

A = \(\frac{V_o}{V_i}\)

ii. Closed loop gain,

\(A_f=\frac{V_o}{V_s}\)

β = \(\frac{V_f}{V_o}\)

0.2 = \(\frac{0.02}{V_o}\)

V_o = \(\frac{0.02}{0.2}\)

= \(\frac{2}{20}\)

= \(\frac{1}{10}\)

V_o = 0.1V