Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is D. PANDU

Correct option is B. History

Correct option is (d) Fourth

Correct option is (b) Financial and scientific

We can know the exact period of archaeological remainders by Carbon Dating System.

(i) We can also understand history with the help of coins and the changes in the printing of currency notes. 

(ii) The Reserve Bank of India prints the notes. It has its headquarters in Mumbai. 

(iii) The coins from 1950 to those used at present, the metals used for making them, their different shapes, and the diversity of subjects on them together help us to understand the important contemporary issues in India; For example coins to convey the message of population control and coins communicating the importance of agriculture and of farmers.

We will go to the library of our school, village or. city to learn about the major events or incidents of the present day.

We can extract historical information from the sources of history like pictures, toys, coins, inscriptions, Bhojapatras, Tadpatras, copper plates, weapons, old monuments, old temples, idols, utensils, tools, ornaments, stamps, seals, forts, ponds, step-wells, etc. by either watching or knowing them. Over and above this, the historical information can be gained from different pictures and articles collected in the collection book.

Colonisation affected people’s freedom, and nationalist sentiments surged during the process of struggle against imperial domination. The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people from different walks of life, and this resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals. Thus, growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to anti-colonial movements.

Powadas were composed on freedom struggle of 1857.

The Tribal museum is located at Gujarat Vidyapeeth, Ahmedabad.

Tribal dance of Gujarat is seen at the time of festivals, marriages, fairs and to please the God-Goddesses. Dances like Mali No Chaalo and Thakryo Chaalo, are seen in Dang. Tippani Dance of labourers performed by Bhil and Koli communities dancers.

The institution named L. D. Institute of Indology is in Ahmedabad city.

Correct option is (b) Public Education

Correct option is: (a) Bhurjapatra

Correct option is: (c) Kashmir

Correct option is: (b) copper-plates

Correct option is D. Patan

The Survey of India was established during the British rule to survey various provinces and cities of India using scientific method to prepare maps.

The material sources of history includes various objects, monuments, places, coins, sculptures, etc.

We find comments on various social and cultural issues in Nibandhmala by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar

An honourable person of our village – Late Sheth Shri Keshavlal V. Patel.

Sheth Shri Keshavlal was born at village Kansa of Visnagar Taluka, district Mehsana on 28-11-1924. He had taken his primary education in our village Kansa and secondary education in Visnagar. He began his career as a Principal of Primary school of village Valam in Taluka, Visnagar. He resigned after one year and joined the Isabgul manufacturing factory at village Chhapi in Siddhpur, owned by his father-in-law.

He started his own Isabgul manufacturing factory in Siddhpur in the year 1966. The business ran in full swing. He started exporting Isabgul to U.S.A. Along with this business, he plunged into the building construction business. He earned a lot of money. In the year 1970, he joined public life.
He started many institutions by donating generously. His contribution is noteworthy in transforming our village.

Our village will always be indebted to him. He started many institutions in Siddhpur. He became the President of Shri Umiyamataji Sansthan, Unjha in 1975. He remained on this position till his death. Sheth Shri Keshavlal possessed a rare personality. He was a generous donor. Sheth Shri Keshavlal, a man of high repute, died on 11-4-2011.

To express our gratitude for the indebtedness shown by him to our village, the Gramsabha has set his statue in the market square.

In parliamentary government, double executive is there, whereas presidential government has singular executive

Correct option is: (c) events

The following are the main reasons because of which democracy is understand to be better than dictatorship: 

1. With reference to public welfare: 

The fundamental basis of democracy is public welfare, as democratic government is operated by the representatives elected by the people, who are answerable to the people. If they shy away from the responsibility of public welfare, the people will not elect them in the sun next election. On the other hand, there are only farcical claims of public welfare in dictatorship. Dictator consolidates power in the name of public welfare and fulfills selfish self his interests in place of pubic interest. 

2. With the view of civic liberties: 

With reference to civic liberties and their uses, democracy is better than dictatorship. In democratic system of governance, different types of liberties are given to the people and there is a provision to move judiciary for their protection. On the other hand, all sorts of civic freedoms are crushed in dictatorship. 

3. With the view to establishment of peace: 

In the context of international peace arrangement, democracy is better than dictatorship. While democracy, objecting to war – path, wants to solve all problems through peaceful means, formation of laws and pacts, at the same time, dictatorship thinks that the resolution of all problems is war because it is imperialistic. 

4. With regards to development of the individual: 

In democracy, all individuals equal get opportunities for the development of their abilities, growth, etc., whereas there is no importance of a person in dictatorship. 

5. In respect of stability of administration: 

Democracy is such a system of governance, wherein possibilities of revolution are little. Election process works as a peaceful form of revolution. In dictatorship, the rule depends on violence and terror. 

6. With reference to self governance: 

There is decentralization of power in democracy. In democracy, local self governing institutions are established, by which general public can take part in governance work through these bodies. In dictatorship, there is centralization of powers. There cannot be any development of awareness in citizens in a dictatorship form of government. 

7. In terms of work proficiency: 

Democracy sustains work efficiency of administration because it is answerable to the people. Because of partnership of people in administration, the policies of administration get public cooperation. On the other hand, due to centralization of powers in dictatorship, there is more efficiency of administration in it in the beginning in compassion to democracy, and the nation under goes development, but soon after, the development of the nation stops because of internal corruption and lack of public cooperation. 

8. In context off fear and revolution: 

In democracy, the general public and administrator class are not mutually in fearful mode nor is there any possibility or necessity of revolution. If the government does not care for public opinion, the people throw them out of power in the next election. In dictatorship, general public remains in the grip of fear of the administrator’s powers. On the basis of the above analysis, it can be conclusively said that democracy, in definite terms, is a better system of administration than dictatorship.

Economic Democracy : 

Under economic democracy, efforts are made to end the gulf between the rich and the poor. People are given economic freedom. Equal opportunities are provided for employment to both, men and women. Besides, efforts are made to resolve the problems of exploitation, bonded labour and child labour etc. In Economic Democracy, sources of personal / individual in come and national income are increased in order to achieve a high standard of living.

In it, effort is made to establish balance between big industries and small industries. Priority is given to the welfare of backward class and minority class. For obtaining economic democracy, socialist economy is adopted. For the establishment of political democracy, economic democracy is a must. Hence, in the present period, efforts are being made at national level to establish economic democracy.

Meaning of social democracy: 

Roots of democracy are very strong in the society. If class struggle and inequalities are left to spread, then democracy cannot function properly. And therefore, it is quite necessary to develop equality, goodwill, brotherhood in the society, and then, of course, democracy can flourish. It is mandatory for the democracy to preserve the rights of minorities in the society, and hence, to provide social security.

There should be a ‘pledge’ to end social discrimination on the basic of caste, religion, colour, gender, etc. Democracy makes a great deal of efforts to provide security, to the interests of women in the society so that they can have equality similar to that of males. This is called social democracy.

Political democracy: 

It is a main form of democracy. Against the backdrop of the establishment of democracy, the main goal was to establish political equality. Under this political system, people’s participation was there in equal form. People were provided equal rights in political field, so that political democracy is smoothly established. Under political democracy, the following rights are given to the people:

1. For the establishment of political equality, freedom and justice, citizens are provided the right of shareholding in political democracy. 

2. All the citizens are provided the rights of adult franchise after attaining a certain age. 

3. Citizens are given rights to obtain ‘ membership of any political party and do its canvassing. 

4. Citizens have equal right to claim for any candidacy in election. 

5. All the citizens have the right to criticize the government.

According to Aristotle, aristocracy is such a system of governance, wherein there is perfect similarity in the qualities of good citizens and good persons. Aristotle has accepted in his ‘Ideal state’, age assessed aristocracy. He has given the rights of governance in it to only those who are mature and experienced. According to Aristotle, the reasons as to why there erupts revolution in aristocracy is that there is a limited governance of administrators.

General public hates the administrators and their system of governance. The people do not regard any distinction between administrator and themselves on the basis of quality and character. The administrative class treats the people with , discrimination. A part of administrator class gets disgruntled because of war or otherwise, and this part demands for division of property. In this way, revolution is always likely to happen in aristocracy.

The main defects of dictatorship are as follows: 

1. In this system of administration, all types of civic liberties are put to an end. People do not have freedom even for formation of union and expression of thoughts. 

2. This system is a symbol of public exploitation. 

3. In this type of governance, there is no importance of an individual. The condition of a person is like a slave whose sole work is to comply with the orders of his master. 

4. In dictatorship, powers of the administration get centralized. As there is no control on the administrator, there erupt chances of the power being misused. 

5. This spirit of social welfare gets ‘extinct’. In this system, unemployed, beggars, helpless and are left to their fate.

The following are the main types of Dictatorship :

1. Dictatorship of Ancient period: 

The establishment of this kind of dictatorship is done in the case if an administrator faces an emergent situation and it has to be dealt with. For example, in order to establish peace, law and order in Rome, special powers were provided to special officers, and therefore, by using unlimited powers, the emergent situation was dealt with.

After the end of special emergent circumstances, even the role of dictatorial officers came to an end. In this way the administrator of Sicily (Italy), Garibaldi, per formed this experiment in the year 1860. This dictatorial system of governance proves to be of public welfare, answerable and legal and beneficial for having control on the administration in emergency situations.

2. Contemporary Dictatorship: 

Establishment of this type of dictatorship is done on the basis of force and violence. In this, the administrator gain power by means of conspiracies. This administrator is free from any control. In present times, this is enforced on the public for military administration, and emergency situations. In democratic countries, it is being used for the misuse of power of governance, murder of democracy and to put prohibitions on human liberties, etc.

Civic awareness in democracy means that in elections, people should use their awareness in choosing the best candidates for the governance.

• Propagation and percolation of education 
• Dedication towards democracy

• Corruption 
• Excessive spending of money and time

The following types of works are executed under Free – will dictatorship: 

1. Because of this type of administration, prohibition and checks are imposed on other political parties and they are treated in a step – motherly fashion. 

2. By imposing Prohibition on free elections, the governance in done with free will for the misuse of powers. 

3. The person in power tries to maintain control on governance by use of force, threat conspiracy, etc. 

4. In this mechanism of governance, prohibitions are put on civil liberties, fundamental rights, press, etc. 

5. In this, military administration can be imposed through military revolt. 

6. In this, constitutional amendments are done strictly in order to retain and save the ruler’s seat of power, and he issues orders as per his whims and fancies.

• Public welfare 
• Development of morality

• Freedom of expression 
• Social and political equality

Recently there had been quite a few incidents and politics on statues and memorials. But still, I feel they should be there for the following reasons:

1. Statues are raised in memory of those people who had contributed for the welfare of the society. 

2. Memorials are raised of events which are inspirational. 

3. A Memorial is a testimony of the work done, in adverse conditions. Statues give us inspiration to have ideal morals. 

4. They are testimonials of our rich heritage and as heirs what have we inherited. 

5. They need not be raised in large numbers nor should there be statues of common people and of criminals.

The samples of Bhojapatras and Tadpatras are available in Government museums.

Indirect democracy.

Great Britain having constitutional monarchy.

Correct option is: (b) written

Sevagram Ashram

The period of Europeans, especially British rulers and period of governance of princely states in India is considered as period of modern Indian history.

Mahatma Gandhi’s memorial in Mumbai is Manibhavan.

1. Memorials in the form of statues were erected of many personalities who influenced a particular period.

2. We come to know about those great people because of statues. 

3. The display plaque on the statues give information about the name of the concerned person, his work, date of birth and his death. 

4. We get information about important events in his life, brief information about his contribution and a biographical sketch. 

5. We come to know about contemporary rulers and eminent personalities. 

6. The memorials are erected in the memory of various events also.

1. History writing is based on evidences and proofs. It is difficult to obtain ancient and medieval sources of history but sources to study modern history are available in abundance and in variety. 

2. There are many material sources available in museums and documents in archives.

3. Through the audio-visual source we can see the historical event in reality. Thus, to study sources of modern history is comparatively easy

Aga Khan Palace

Correct option is (c) Maharashtra

Correct option is (a) Ellora