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Veterinary doctors provide treatment and health care for cattle.

Viral and bacterial diseases also affect milk production.

Pathogens vectors: Any agent that is capable of causing a disease is called a pathogen. A vector is any agent (person, animal, or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.

According to the Economical and Statistical Survey of India 2011, about 40 to 60 lakh liters of milk are produced every day in our state.

Classification : The method of arranging organisms into groups or sets on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.

Importance of Classification 

• It makes the study of wide variety of organisms easy and in systematic manner. 

• It helps to understand how the different organisms have evolved with time. 

• It helps to understand the inter-relationships among different groups of organisms. 

• It forms a base for the study of other biological sciences, like biogeography.

Production and rearing of hens on a large scale are generally called poultry.

Honey wax: Besides honey wax produced by the honey bees is known as bee wax or honey wax used in the production of cosmetics, shoe polish, candles, and leather industry.

Queen bee: Only one Queen bee in a colony. The function is to lay eggs. (800 – 1200 per day)

Poultry: Production and rearing of hens on a large scale for eggs and chicken.

Honey bee hive: A construction of six-sided wax compartments made by bees to store honey and eggs.

The water of tender coconut, technically the liquid endosperm is rich in nutrients like fat, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins as endosperm provides nutrition to developing embryo.

(i) It is rich in many nutrients like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins. Hence, tender coconut is considered a healthy source of nutrition.

(ii) In peas, the endosperm is used up and there is no endosperm present in the mature seed. In castor, the endosperm remains intact in the mature seed.

If antibiotics were not discovered, bacterial and fungal diseases would not have been controllable.

The haploid cells in an unfertilised mature embryo sac are: egg cell, synergids, antipodals. There are 7 cells in total.

A) Epidermis 

B) Endothecium 

C) Middle layers and 

D) Tapetum

Distillation increases the alcohol content in alcoholic drinks.

It is the structure of pollen grain, it has an outer hard layer called exine that possess prominent apertures called germ pores through which pollen tube come out.

The inner wall layer is continuous called intine. Pollen grain has two cells, a large vegetative cell, and a small generative cell.

Distillation increases the alcohol content in alcoholic drinks.

Filiform apparatus

It guides the pollen tube into the synergid

2 x 10⁹ x 0.44 x 10^-9/bp = 0.88 m.

This is due to a disturbance in coordinated regulation of expression of sets of genes associated with organ development or due to mutations.

Exon is the coded or expressed sequence of nucleotides in mRNA. Intron is the intervening sequence of nucleotides not appearing in processed mRNA.

A : Transcription 

B : Translation and 

C : Reverse Transcription

a. hnRNA 

b. Capping is addition of methylated guanosine tri-phosphate at 5′ end of hnRNA. 

c. A : Exon and B : Intron C : m-RNA

Revenue incomes and revenue expenditures are recorded in Trading account and Profit and Loss account.

(2) b) and (c)

tRNA = transfer RNA

hnRNA = heterogenous nuclear RNA

a – Transcription,

b -Translation

Polyadynilation always at 3′ end of m RNA ,so the other must be 5′ end.

Information contained in DNA is copied down to mRNA is called Transcription – Promoter and structural gene.

The z gene codes for beta-galactosidase which is responsible for the hydrolysis of the disaccharide, lactose into galactose and glucose. The y gene codes for permease, which increases permeability of the cell to beta-galactosides. The a gene encodes a transacetylase

(a) Continuous.

The king had brought up the falcon as his pet. He loved the falcon very much. The falcon also loved him. The bird remained with him always. Even at night, the falcon used to sit on his fist.

The king was thirsty. He wandered about and did not find any water. Finally, he found some kind of liquid dripping down a tree. He mistook it for water. He collected the liquid and tried to make the falcon drink it. But, the falcon overturned the cup twice, Neither did she allow the horse to drink. The king became angry and cut off the wings of the falcon. The falcon showed him the source of the dripping liquid.

It was poison dripping from a viper sleeping up the tree. The falcon bore its pain till they returned to the camp. Then she gasped for breath and died. The king realised his great mistake. He had killed his pet falcon which had saved his life. He cried out aloud in repentance.

The falcon, which was trained to hunt the prey, flew high up in the air and traced the running gazelle. The bird swooped down and blinded the gazelle with her talons. The king hit the gazelle with his mace and killed it.

Ti plasmid is the plasmid present in Agrobacterium.

(a) Ti plasmid causes the bunchy top disease

One day the falcon said that it was the right time for hunting. The king liked her suggestion and went on a hunting expedition.

The king had brought up a falcon as his pet. The king had tied a golden cup around her neck, so that he could provide drink at the time of hunting.

Sindbad was a king. He was very fond of racing and hunting.

The king cut off the falcon’s wings when it upset the cup thrice. The falcon made him understand the reason for her actions. The falcon breathed its last after reaching the camp. The king realised his blunder. He repented killing his pet falcon which had saved his life.

A) by raising its head

C) racing and hunting

Correct Answer is : A) king

D) it knew that the liquid in the cup was poison

The falcon overturned the cup twice and did not drink the liquid. Neither did she allow the horse to drink the liquid. She knew it was not water, but, the poison of the viper. If she drank, she thought the king would also slake his thirst with the poison. So, it overturned the cup again and again and made the king look up and see the viper.

It was a very hot day. The king, his horse and the falcon were thirsty. The king found water dripping through the leaf of a tree. He collected the water and placed it before the falcon. It upset the cup. Again the king did so, and again the bird upset the cup. The king collected the liquid and placed it before the horse. The falcon overturned the cup. So, the king called it unlucky and foolish for she could not satisfy her thirst with the little water available

C) he had killed a faithful companion who had saved his life

When the king cut off the bird’s wings, she cried out in pain. It indicated the king to look up. The king looked up and saw a poisonous viper lying up above the tree. The liquid that was dripping down was its poison.