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The objective of diagram is to present data in simple and interesting manner. It provides an impressive medium to present the data in attractive manner.

Its importance in statistical study becomes more obvious by below mentioned usages.

1. Attractive presentation: The presentation of statistical data by diagrams are so attractive that the characteristics of the data can be remembered for long time by the person who studies it.

2. Clear presentation: The data which is difficult to understand by its elaboration can be explained easily by diagrams.

3. Simple presentation: The complex data can be easily explained by diagrams.

4. Easy to compare: Two or more data can be compared easily by diagrams.

5. Helpful to children and illeterates: The presentation of data by diagrams are very useful for illeterates, less educated and children. The message of data can be understood without considering the1 figures of data. Diagram is a unique device to educate the children.

6. Useful for business and industries: The traders and manufacturers can advertise their products effectively with the use of attractive diagrams.

7. Useful in social sciences: The diagram becomes mendatory to focus some important aspects in the sciences like Psychology, Economics and Sociology.

8. Helpful in social reforms: The diagrams are more effective to create desired impression on the minds of people by different campaigns, to educate different classes of society for removal of social vices and implanting social reforms.

9. Concise presentation: Large volume of statistical data can be presented promptly and in concise form by diagrams.

10. Uniform interpretation: The data represented by diagrams can be easily understood irrespective of language barrier.

Correct option is (c) Statements 1, 2 and 3 are true.

1.  (a) One – dimensional diagram

2.  (a) mode

3.  (c) median

4.  (a) long term trend

5.  False

6.  False

7.  True.

A. Repetition

1. Attractiveness and tidiness 

2. Accuracy 

3. Appropriate Size 

4. Headings and Footnotes 

5. Selection of Measurement

In the entire poem, the poet has made extensive use of similes. Apart from simile, another poetic device that has been used is repetition. For example, the repetitive use of the word ‘little’ in the first stanza to emphasise how everything from the house to Belinda to her pets were all little. Also, in the seventh stanza, the poet has made use of incorrect s spelling as a poetic device to maintain the rhyme scheme of the poem.

He has chosen to write ‘winda’ instead of ‘window’ as ‘winda’ s rhymes with ‘Belinda’, whereas ‘window’ does not. He has also used alliteration in the poem. For example, in the tenth stanza, ‘Custard’ has ‘clashed’ his tail with a ‘clatter’ and a ‘clank’. Similarly, in stanza eleven, the pirate ‘gaped’ at the dragon and ‘gulped’ some ‘grog’.

(1) A Grand Figure : ‘Old Shylock’ is a grand figure in The Merchant of Venice. He is imagined to be on the wrong side of forty with unkempt hair and dressed in a long Jewish garberdine. 

(2) His Miserliness : His miserliness is peculiarly Jewish. He loves only riches. So he grudges even his servant, Launcelot’s food, sleeping by day and the cost of his clothes. His concentrated love on riches makes him a bad father, and causes Jessica to feel that his house is ‘hell for her. 

(3) His Usury : His usury is no less Jewish. It is based on the authority of his holy scriptures : the interest on money is a well won thrift, as it is based on a bargain. So for him bargain was a way to thrive. 

(4) His Cruelty : Shylock’s cruelty in business dealings is also Jewish through and through. Once a bargain is made with the Jew, the Jew must get his due. Due to his cruelty he did not care for the feelings of his customers and even of his daughter. He is very sensitive to injustice. When his sensitiveness strikes his miserliness, he goes almost mad. 

So to conclude we can say that if not the hero of the play, Shylock, undoubtedly is the most dominant and strong character in the play ‘The Merchant of Venice’.

D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

B. Ttransferred Epithet

C. Onomatopoeia

A. Personification

The Tale of Custard the Dragon is a light-hearted poem. It is almost a parody. The names of the pets of Belinda are all rhyming and funny. Belinda has been compared to a barrel full of bears. The kitten and mouse, both little, could chase lions down the stairs. The little yellow dog was as brave as a tiger, while the dragon was a coward and they all teased him. However, when the pirate came to their little house, all of them were engulfed in fear and had hid themselves. Ironically, the ‘cowardly’ dragon came to their rescue and jumped snorting like an engine. It clashed its tail and charged at the pirate like a robin at a worm and ate him up. Even as everybody became happy to see the bravery of the dragon, they again came back to glorifying themselves that they could have been twice or thrice braver than the dragon. Finally, at the end of the poem, the situation again came back to the other pets being brave and the dragon being the coward.

All the animals other than the dragon used to boast about their bravery and made the fun of the dragon. But when the pirate entered the house, all got scared and ran away and disappeared except Custard, the dragon.

(1) Belinda cried for help because she was afraid of the pirate who had : tale : kin : dill.

(2) The Custard came to her help.

D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

A. Anastrophe

C. Onomatopoeia

The dragon appeared to be a coward as he always cried for a nice safe cage so he was called a cowardly dragon. Later, when the pirate entered the house with pistols in his left and right hand, everyone was scared and ran away and disappeared, except Custard who faced him boldly and attacked him, hit him hard with his forceful tail and gobbled every bit of him. Belinda should have been nice to him. She should have made him feel comfortable and safe in the house instead of laughing and making fun of him with other pets. Belinda should have been protective towards him.

C. Onomatopoeia

Correct option is C. Simile

Custard cried for a nice, safe cage because it was a coward. It is called a ‘cowardly dragon’ because everybody else in the house was brave. Belinda was as brave as a barrel of bears. Ink and Blink are described as so brave that they could chase lions down the stairs and Mustard was as brave as a tiger in rage. Compared to them, Custard cried asking for a nice and safe cage, which is why it is called a coward.

Everyone in the house made fun of the dragon because he always cried for a safe cage whereas others used to boast about their bravery.

Belinda tickled the dragon unmercifully because it was very scared and cried for a safe cage. They all laughed at it as it was a coward.

1. Bar diagram

2. Sub – divided or Component Bar Diagram

3. Component Bar Diagram.

When the class intervals are equal, then by normal method we can make histogram which has equal width of rectangle. When the class intervals are unequal, heights of rectangles are to be adjusted to yield comparable measurements by using frequency density (Class frequency divided by width of the class interval) instead of absolute frequency.

Celebrating Gandhi jayanti on 8th october is Flase

Regarding the title of the play there are different controversies. The first controversy is who is the real merchant-Shylock or Antonio. Some critics say that Shylock is the real merchant. He is the most dominant figure in the play and the chief source of interest in the play. So Shakespeare must have had Shylock in his mind. The critics of Shylock’s favour say that Antonio is a passive, colourless personality, who remains mostly in the background.

When we read the drama carefully we come to know that Antonio is the real merchant of Venice. He is referred to again and again as the ‘Royal merchant and good Antonio’, and in the trial scene—Portia pointedly asks, ‘Which is the merchant and which is the Jew’. In the very opening scene also we are told of Antonio’s wealth, of his rich ventures, etc. tossing on the ocean. He is presented as a rich merchant, with a world wide trade. Shylock, on the other hand, is never referred to as a merchant but is sketched as a usurer, a cruel money lender. Thus Antonio is the real merchant of Venice and play has been rightly named after him.

More over Antonio is the character, whose story and fortunes form the very basis of the plot of drama. Antonio may not be dominant and assertive like Shylock but he is noble in friendship, and so much generous that he risks his life for the sake of his friend. Thus when we consider all things, Antonio is really the Merchant of Venice and the play has been rightly named after him.

This is another humorous, light-hearted poem by Ogden Nash that tells a story.

Shylock is a notorious moneylender and a great enemy of Antonio due to racial, religious and professional causes. He was always in search of a chance of taking revenge from Antonio. Shylock gets a moment of triumph when Bassanio comes to borrow money from him for three months on the credit of Antonio. Hence as per condition put by Shylock, Antonio signs a bond authorising Shylock to take one pound flesh from his body if he fails to repay the debt in three months.

By chance Antonio’s ships do not return and the time of bond has expired. Thus Shylock gets a chance to take revenge.

In the court Shylock is adamant on the condition of the bond and nothing could soften his heart. Antonio also has no hope and boldly prepares to meet his doom. But at the same time Portia ía disguised advocate) pleads the case on behalf of Antonio. All her appeals and even the appeal of mercy failed.

Then Portia allows Shylock to take one pound of flesh from Antonio’s body but without shedding even a single drop of blood as per bond. At this Shylock is perplexed. So he leaves his adamancy and goes on to be softer and softer. When the advocate grants him nothing against the bond, he bows down and he himself appeals for mercy.

In the light of above description we can say that in reality it was the trial of Antonio. But in the end it proved to be the trial of Shylock. Thus Shylock who was most cruel and adamant person before the execution of bond, has become very forgiving and soft man ready to do anything he is asked. 

The rhyme scheme of each stanza of S this poem is aabb.

Custard cried for a nice, safe cage because it was a coward. It is called a ‘cowardly dragon’ because everybody else in the house was brave. Belinda was as brave as a barrel of bears. Ink and Blink sire described as so s brave that they could chase lions down the ? stairs and Mustard was as brave as a tiger in rage. Compared to them, Custard cried asking for a nice and safe cage, which is why it is called a coward.

The pirate entered from the window. He had pistols in his left and right hand. He held a bright cutlass in his teeth. His beard was black and one leg was wood.

Increase in the share of urban non – workers:

A. In Geneva

The characters in this poem are Belinda, a little black kitten, a little grey mouse, a little yellow dog, a little pet dragon and a pirate. The kitten being black is known as s Ink, the mouse being tiny as Blink, the dog being yellow as Mustard, and the dragon being cowardly, as Custard. Custard was a full-grown dragon and could easily defend himself.

The poet’s beloved was dead. She was not alive now. The poet remembers her beloved through this poem.

The poet’s imagination does not allow him to think of his dead loved one as a person living in a very happy state or in heaven. Rather he imagines her to be a part of nature, being buried under the earth. She rotates with the earth, along with the stones, rocks and trees.

The lines in the poem which show this are as follows:
“Rolled round in earth’s diurnal course With rocks and stones and trees.”

She becomes an integral part of nature. She is rolled round in earth’s daily course with rocks, stones and trees.

Correct option is A. Litotes

(i) According to Sandburg, the fog is like a cat. 

(ii) The fog comes on little cat feet. 

(iii) In the third line ‘it’ refers to the fog that has covered the city and it seems as if it is looking over the city like a cat. 

(iv) No, the poet does not actually say that the fog is like a cat. However, he has used cat as a metaphor for describing the fog. He says that the fog comes on its little cat feet, which implies that the fog, like a cat, comes slowly. He also says that the fog looks over the harbor and the city and then moves on, implying that the fog has covered the city and is sitting and looking at it, thereby again comparing it to a cat. This is reiterated when he says that the fog looks over the city sitting on ‘silent hunches’. This also shows the reference to a cat as a cat always sits with its knees bent. Hence, he has compared the fog to a cat without actually saying so.

D. All of these three

Though Toto was pretty and clever, he was very mischievous. He brought a lot of damage to the house by breaking dishes, tearing clothes and curtains. He also scared the visitors by tearing holes in their dresses. Furthermore, he didn’t get along well with other animals in the house too.

One day Toto crossed the limits by picking up a dish of pulled and running on a branch to eat it. When scolded he threw off the plate and broke it. That’s when grandfather realised that he had had enough of Toto. He couldn’t bear the losses that he had incurred because of Toto’s mischief.

Toto takes bath in a tub of warm water. He would first test the temperature, then gradually step into the bath. Then he would apply soap and rub himself all over. When the water became cold, he would run to the kitchen- fire in order to dry himself. As monkeys are good at aping others, Toto learnt proper steps of bathing by watching the narrator doing the same.

Once having tasted the warmth of water in the kettle, he got in, with his head sticking out from the open kettle. The water began to boil. Probably he was not intelligent enough to understand the risk of boiling water so he popped his head up and down in the kettle until grandmother arrived and hauled him out of the kettle. This is how Toto nearly succeeded in boiling himself alive.

Toto was a real menace for every living soul in the household. Other animals in grandfather’s zoo were at Toto’s mercy even during night. So, grandfather decided to provide some relief to other animals in the zoo and thought of taking Toto to Saharanpur. He was taken in a big black canvas kit bag with some straw at the bottom.

When the bag was closed, all his efforts to get out were restrained. The ticket collector was following his rule books. As there seems to be no rule for fixing a monkey’s fare so he equated Toto with a dog’s fare. The ticket collector’s ingenuity tried to categorize all pets of a certain size as dogs.

Toto was a pretty monkey. His bright eyes sparkled with mischief beneath the deep-set eyebrows, and his teeth, which were a pearly white, were very often displayed in a smile that frightened the life out of elderly Anglo-Indian ladies.

Even though his hands looked dried-up as they had been pickled in the sun for many years, his fingers were quick and wicked. His tail, while adding to his good looks served as a third hand. He could use it to hang from a branch and it was capable of scooping up any delicacy that might be out of reach of his hands.

D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

(1) This poem is an ‘elegy’ written on the death of the poet’s beloved.

(2) This words suggest that the poet’s beloved has died and now she is a thing, i.e., an inanimate object.

(3) The Figure of Speech in the line – ‘She neither hears nor sees’ is Litotes. With two negative words, it is emphasised that she is no more a living human being.

(i) The three things that cannot happen in a treeless forest are the sitting of a bird on trees, the hiding of insects and the sun burying its feet in the shadow of the forest. 

(ii) The sun radiates heat and the given words create a picture of the hot, radiating sun cooling its feet in the cool shadow of the forest. The sun’s ‘feet’ refers to its rays that reach the earth.

(a) Alliteration. As the sound ‘S’ (Slumber, Spirit, Seal) is repeated.
(b) Metaphor. There is an implicit comparison between the speaker’s ignorance of his beloved’s mortal nature and ‘sleep’ or ‘slumber’, which ‘sealed’ the speaker’s ‘spirit’.
The touch of ‘earthly years’ is another metaphor in the poem.

The speaker describes his beloved as having ‘no motion or force’ and she is ‘revolving with the earth around the sun’ actually implies she is dead and the speaker cannot be with her. This is also because the speaker, unlike his beloved was always alienated from nature. This mismatch between what is said and what is meant is an example of Irony.