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1. It is largest region in size. 

2. It can be divided into three parallel belts as: 

1. It extends from west to east, it is rich in sand dunes. 

2. Bangar plains made of sandy soil. 

3. Rahi floodplains formed due to small rivers. 

3. This region has approximately 300 m average height. 

4. Eastern boundary forms the rain divider of 25 cms. 

5. Here sand hills are found which are called ‘Dhore’ in local language. 

6. Physical environment has changed due to Indira Gandhi canal, earlier known as Rajasthan canal.

Brown rust of wheat, Red rot of sugar cane, Late blight of potato

Silage is supplemented with oilcakes, minerals, vitamins and salts.

Three parallel belts of the western desert region of Rajasthan are Rahi, Bangar and Marusthali.

Seven divisions of Rajasthan are Ajmer, Jaipur, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Kota and Bharatpur.

The Northern plain is in bow-shape about 2400 km in length, located * between the Himalayan mountain and the Southern Plateau. This is also known as the GangaSatluj and Brahmaputra plain because the rivers- Ganga, Satluj and Brahmaputra rivers flow here.

This island situated in the Arabian Sea on the west coast of India. Its literal meaning is ‘one lakh dweeps’. The coconut trees are found here in abundance. In fact, these are the coral islands.

India is located in the Northern Hemisphere. Its shape is quadrangular. It extends between 8°4’ to 37° 4’ North latitude and from 68° 7’ to 97° 25’ to East longitude. Its extension from North to South is 3214 km and from East to West is 2933 km. Its area is 32,87,267 sq. km. Its landline boundary is 15,200 km and the coastal boundary is 6100 kms. India is the seventh largest country of the world. It has 2.4% of the total area of the world.

Black rot of crucifers

Silage is fermented fodder made up of legumes, grasses, maize and jowar.

There are: 33 districts, 7 divisions and 244 tehsils in Rajasthan.

There are about 33 districts in Rajasthan.

Correct answer is (d) Azotobacter

Northern Plain of India is significant for many reasons as given below:

1. Due to the formation of alluvial soil, it is the most fertile plain. 

2. Water for drinking and irrigation is available in abundance due to network of many rivers. 

3. Rivers of this plain facilitate navigation. 

4. Places of waterfalls are good for producing hydro-electricity. 

5. It has a network of roads and rail routes. 

6. This northern plain abounds with many large cities, industrial, commercial and religious cities e.g. Delhi, Kanpur, Haridwar, Mathura, Varanasi, Amritsar, Lucknow, Agra, Patna, Kolkata, etc.

The bordering countries of India: Pakistan and Afghanishtan in the North-West, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the East and Sri Lanka in the South.

India and China have 70% of world livestock populations, but the productivity is only 25% of the world farm produce.

Correct answer is (b) Azotobacter

The districts of Rajasthan are as follows: Ajmer, Alwar, Baran, Banswara, Barmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Bundi, Chittore, Churu, Dungarpur, Dhaulpur, Dausa, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaipur, Nagaur, Pali, Rajsamand, Sawai Madhopur, Sikar, Sirohi, Tonk, Udaipur, Jaisalmer, Jallore, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Karauli, Kota and Pratapgarh.

Correct answer is (b) mantle

Biofortified crops are produced by conventional selective breeding practices and r-DNA technology.

The total area of Rajasthan is 3,42,239 sq. km which is 10.43% of the whole country. Its maximum length from East to West is 869 kms and maximum breadth from North to South is 826 km. 1070 km area of the state forms international border with Pakistan. In East are the districts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, in North are Punjab and Haryana and in the South are Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Total population of the state according to census 2011 is 6,85,48,437.

After a long, hot and dusty drive across the plains, the freshness of first of pine trees in the Himalayas refreshes him.

c) Great Himalayas and Kerala

The early summer smells are dry scents in Delhi as the blue jacarandas, the scarlet Gulmohar and other trees come into flower, the sweet smell of the queen of the night and the freshness of first of pine trees in the foot hills of Himalayas after a long, hot and dusty drive across the plains. There are folk songs and the classical music with ragas that start with such austerity and end in ecstasy evokes nostlalgia in him. They evoke nostalgia in him because he is reminded of such beautiful sights back in England.

a) of friends

Correct Answer is: (b) in Nicobar

Correct Answer is : a) Delhi

(d) Dr. Anil Agarwal

Correct answer is (a) lysine and tryptophan

Answer is: (a) Delhi

The accident took place at Mumbai.

Correct answer is (a) homozygosity

1. Apis mellifera and Apis indica are suitable for apiculture. 

2. Hence, they are known as domesticated species.

Lice infection, roundworm, caecal worm infections, etc.

Breeding of closely related individuals for 4 to 6 generations is known as inbreeding.

Aspergillosis, Favus and Thrush.

Apis mellifera, Apis indica

Pullorum, Cholera, Typhoid, TB, CRD (chronic respiratory disease), Enteritis.

1. Apiculture is artificial rearing of honey bees to obtain various bee products. 

2. Various products such as honey, wax, pollen, bee venom, propolis (bee glue) royal jelly, etc. are obtained from this cottage industry. Honey is an important item as ayurvedic medicine and in food due to its nutritional value. 

3. Bees also help in the cross pollination of various crops. Hence in pastures, wild shrubs, fruit orchards and cultivated crops, honeybees play an important role as pollinators. 

4. Bee keeping in crop fields increases the productivity of both honey and the crop. 

5. Apiculture itself is a means for employment for rural youth. It is an age old cottage industry which can be done along with agriculture.

Coccidiosis is protozoan diseases of poultry.

Apiculture is an artificial rearing of honey bees to obtain bee products like honey, wax, pollens, bee venom, propolis (bee glue) and royal jelly and to use honey bees as pollinating agents for crop plants.

Animal husbandry is an agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.

Antibiotics are organic substances produced in small amounts by certain microbes to kill or inhibit the growth of other microbes.

Diseases like plague, whooping cough, diphtheria and leprosy are treated using antibiotics.

Biofortification is a method of developing crops having higher quantity and quality of vitamins, minerals and fats, to overcome problem of malnutrition.

1. Single-cell protein is a crude or a refined edible protein, extracted from pure microbial cultures or from dead or dried cell biomass. 

2. Microorganisms like algae, fungi, yeast and bacteria with high protein content in their biomass, are grown using waste and inexpensive substrates. 

3. Substrates used for growing microbial biomass are wood shavings, sawdust, corn cobs, paraffin, N-alkanes, sugar cane molasses, even human and animal wastes.

4. SCP is rich in proteins, vitamins, vitamin B complex, minerals and fats. 

5. It can be used as fodder for achieving fattening of calves, pigs, in breeding fish and even in poultry and cattle farmimg. 

6. Fungi like Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, algae like Spirulina spp, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, bacteria like Methylophilus, methylotrophus and Bacillus megasterium are used for the production of SCR

Sewage treatment includes following steps: 

(1) Preliminary Treatment:

• Screening: The larger suspended or floating objects are filtered and removed in screening chambers by passing the sewage through screens or net in the chambers.
• Grit Chamber : Filtered sewage is passed into series of grit chambers which contain large stones (pebbles) and brick-ballast. Coarse particles which settle down by gravity are removed.

(2) Primary treatment (physical treatment):

• The sewage water is pumped into the primary sedimentation tank where 50- 70% of the suspended solid or organic matter get sedimented and about 30- 40% (in number) of coliform organisms are removed. 
• The organic matter which is settled down is called primary sludge. 
• Primary sludge is removed by mechanically operated devices. 
• Dissolved organic matter and microorganisms in the supernatant (effluent) are then removed by the secondary treatment.

(3) Secondary treatment (biological treatment):

• The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. 
• The mesh like masses of aerobic bacteria, slime and fungal hyphae, known as floes are formed. 
• Aerobic microbes consume most of the organic matter and this reduces BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent.

(4) Tertiary treatment:

• Once the BOD is sufficiently reduced, waste water is passed into a settling tank where the floes are allowed to sediment.
• The sediment is called activated sludge. 
• Small part of activated sludge is transferred to aeration tank and the major part is pumped in to large anaerobic sludge digesters. 
• In these tanks, anaerobic bacteria grow and digest the bacteria and fungi in the sludge and gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide, CO₂ , etc. are released. 
• Effluents from these digesters are released in natural water bodies like rivers and streams after chlorination which kills pathogenic bacteria. 
• Digested sludge is then disposed.

1. Antibiotics work by targeting cell wall or other metabolic pathways in bacteria. 

2. But viruses do not have cell walls and they do not carry out any metabolic reaction when outside the host. 

3. Hence, antibiotics cannot kill viruses.