Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 

2. Escherichia coli

Best and Banting in 1921, isolated insulin from the pancreatic islets of a dog and demonstrated its effectiveness against diabetes.

Both somatostatin and somatotropin are peptide hormones which helps in growth and development by increasing the uptake of amino acids and promoting protein synthesis.

Correct option is (iii) rights

The writer was not reading the book for pleasure. He was reading it for a serious purpose. That was why he needed a reasonable silence.

I cannot have a rational discussion with my delusional aunt.

The elephant is a huge animal. In some countries, including India, the elephant is taken help to lift and shift huge loads. They are used to shift long and weighty logs of wood and also to carry heavy loads on their back. Similarly earthmovers also lift and shift heavy loads from one place to another. Thus they are similar in terms of work they do.

Correct option is A) 1975

The sudden attack with a metal rod broke the cranial bones of the soldier.

1. False 

2. True 

3. False 

4. False 

5. True

Naya village was located in West Bengal’s Midnapore district.

The youngsters are taking up the traditional art form as a passion and profession.

Correct answer is (b) traditional

1. Patuas

2. The villagers 

3. Patuas 

4. Patuas

Watching a Patua singing gently, as he or she unfurls the scrolls is an unforgettable experience.

During the festival, the quiet hamlet is transformed into a vibrant cultural hub, where visitors can learn about the craft of Patachitra. Several workshops are held, stories are told, afid different types of Pata artwork are displayed for sale. Musical and dance performances by wellknown artists start in the evening and go on well into the night. The Patuas hold demonstrations on natural colour extraction from sources.

The Patuas house the visitor in theri own homes and in tents.

The Patuas established a Patachitra village at Naya.

Today, the Patuas make rectangular and square shaped paintings of different sizes. Social messages like conservation of trees, female infanticide, child – trafficking and AIDS awareness figure in their paintings. They also paint images of traditional subjects such as a cat eating a lobster or fish, tigers, rows of cows or white owls. The Patuas today do nqt make too many long story scrolls. A few of them still sing their selfcomposed songs, but only on demand.

Naya is a little village in West Bengal’s Midnapore district. Nearly 250 Chitrakaars known as ‘Patuas’ practice an ancient folk art called ‘Pata Chitra’. They were painters, lyricists, singers and dance performers. ‘Pata Chitra’ is a type of storytelling using painted scrolls. These story tellers sang songs moving from village to village. In course of time, people lost interest in this art form. Patuas established a Patachitra village at Naya to keep their art alive. The efforts to receive their artistic heritage was fruitful.

A traditional Pata was created by painting on a canvas. Today, the Patuas make rectangular and square-shaped painting of different sizes. Social messages figure out in these paintings. Since 2010 an annual three day festival, ‘Pot Maya’ has been held to celebrate the success of the local artists. During the festival, several workshops are held, stories are told and different types Of Pata art work are displayed for sale. They also hold demonstrations on natural colour extraction from sources. Watching them singing gently is an unforgettable experience. The play Of light and shadow from the oil lamps on the soft colours and paintings is magical.

1. The Patuas sing gently as they unfurl the scrolls.

2. The play of light and shadow from the oil lamps on the soft colours and delicate imagery of the paintings is magical.

3. Visiting the unique village of Naya will be a delightful experience.

Salt and sugar.

By reagents is  the method of preservation of sauce.

29th August 2019 

Dear diary,

Today, it was an awesome and educational day for me, because our school teachers took us to a Science Exhibition which was held in the nearby school. I was so surprised by seeing those science exhibits, students used many instruments of science and technology. They demonstrated many things like separating funnel, centrifugation process, sublimation, chromatography, etc. We were all amazed to see all these things. They were so useful to us. We learnt many things. Some of our doubts were cleared. The way the students spoke to us and their explanation were adorable. Next, in the Biology room, we saw many slides of plants and animals cells. It was a great day for us, as we had the experience of knowing some details of the science and technology.

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. False

Harpreet and Rajee going to meet their grandfather to Jajipur.

Apple, chikoo, kewi, litchi, grapes, green ground nuts, strawberry, mushroom are not grown in our area, but are available in the market.

1. summer 

2. 6 

3. micro-organisms 

4. animals

(i) False

(ii) False

(iii) True

(iv) False

(v) False

1. Plato – Knowledge is innate 

2. Prof. Narendra Nath Sen Gupta – First Psychology department, Calcutta University 

3. Calcutta, 1940 – Lumbini Park Mental Hospital 

4. Yama, Pranayam, Samadhi – Ashtangyoga, Patanjali 

5. Describe, Explain, Predict, Control – Goals of Psychology

• John Watson was an American Psychologist who defined Psychology as the Science of human behaviour. 
• He conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising. 
• He explained human behaviour through the S-O-R Model. 
• Stimulus (S) refers to any physical event or condition that gives rise to a reaction. Organism (0) refers to a human being or an animal, who gives a response to the stimulus. Response (R) refers to the reaction of the organism to a given stimulus. 
• Watson also established the school of behaviourism.

• Dr. Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. He believed that most human motives are hidden. 
• He stressed the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses in shaping adult personality.
• He explained that any major psychological problems in a person’s life have their roots in the early years of life.

(i) (B) John Locke

(ii) (A) conscious

(iii) (C) Austrian

(iv) (B) Overt

(v) (A) behaviourism

(i) (A) Yogsutra

(ii) (A) aristocratic

(iii) (B) Explanation

(iv) (B) Prediction

Stimulus is defined as any physical event or condition that gives rise to a reaction. It can be external or internal. In simple words, it is an object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioural response in an organism.

1. Describe

• To precisely identify and classify behaviours and mental processes
• Involves recording behaviour using various tools

2. Explain

• To understand the causes of behaviour through meaningful explanation of facts 
• Involves the use of standardized tests 
• Behaviour observed in most people can be generalized

3. Predict

• To predict how given conditions will lead to a particular behaviour and mental processes. 
• Involves knowledge of possible outcomes

4. Control

• To mould behaviour in a particular direction 
• Involves the use of psychological principles and psychotherapeutic techniques

• Bahinabai Chaudhari (11 Aug 1880 – 3 Dec 1951) was an illiterate cotton farmer from the Jalgaon district in Maharashtra. 
• She was a famous Marathi poet. Her poems captured the essence of her life, reflect the culture of the village and farming life, and present her wisdom. 
• She has beautifully compared the mind with different aspects of nature such as wind, waves, butterflies, small particles, etc. The poet stressed that the mind is a unique creation of God and nothing in this world compares to it.

• Psychology is the scientific study of human behaviour and mental processes. 
• Through experiments and observations, Psychologists try to analyze and predict human behaviour. This shows the empirical nature of Psychology. 
• Wilhelm Wundt used scientific methods to study fundamental psychological processes. John Watson also conducted scientific research on animal behaviour and child-rearing.

Covert behaviour is that which is not directly noticeable but can be inferred from behaviour like thinking, feeling. It basically includes mental processes.

1. Describe

• To precisely identify and classify behaviours and mental processes 
• Involves recording behaviour using various tools

2. Explain

• To understand the causes of behaviour through meaningful explanation of facts 
• Involves the use of standardized tests 
• Behaviour observed in most people can be generalized

3. iii. Predict

• To predict how given conditions will lead to a particular behaviour and mental processes. 
• b. Involves knowledge of possible outcomes

4. Control

• To mould behaviour in a particular direction
• Involves the use of psychological principles and psychotherapeutic techniques

Overt behaviour is that behaviour that is directly noticeable or observable. It includes responses such as walking, talking, dancing.

The word Psychology is derived from Greek words – ‘Psyche’ and ‘Logos’. It is denoted by the Greek Alphabet “Psi” and the symbol is 4L Wilhelm Wundt defined it as “the study of consciousness”. Dr. Sigmund Freud defined it as “the study of unconsciousness”. John B. Watson defined it as “the science of human behaviour”. The latest definition of Psychology is ‘The study of human behaviour and mental processes.

For your understanding

• Conscious mind: It is the level of mind that someone is aware of at any particular point in time.
• Unconscious mind: It contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are buried deep in us. Although we are not aware of their existence, they exert great influence on our behaviour.

In general, behaviour is an organism’s response to various internal and external stimuli. 

John Watson defined behaviour as ‘anything that can be observed, recorded and studied in human beings and animals.’ Behaviour is either overt (seen) or covert (hidden).

Rajas represent passion, action, energy, and motion. Tamas manifests itself as impurity, laziness, and darkness. Sattva manifests itself as purity, knowledge, and harmony.

(i) The goal of description (What): Describing what happens in a particular situation

(ii) The goal of explanation (Why): Explaining why a particular instance happened

(iii) The goal of prediction (Anticipate): Predicting how people will behave under a given situation

(iv) The goal of control (Modify): Controlling actions of human beings with the help of psychological techniques.

(i) Reason: Rest is the term used in the definition of Psychology.

(ii) Thinking 

Reason: The rest are overt behaviours.

(iii) Karya 

Reason: The rest are the aspects of Ashtanga Yoga.

(iv) Feeling 

Reason: The rest are the processes in the study of cognition.

A response is defined as a reaction of the organism to a given stimulus. All organisms respond differently to the same stimulus. 

Example:

Stimulus (S): A teacher asks students to prepare a presentation. 

Organism (O): All students present in class. Response (R):

• Some students actively participate in presentations. 
• Some students remain silent as they are scared to talk in front of the entire class.

Vata:

• Elements: Air + Space 
• Body Type: Slim, lean 
• Properties: Energetic, Moody, Creative

Kapha:

• Elements: Earth + Water 
• Body Type: Average build, moderate weight 
• Properties: Strong build, Affectionate, Cool

Pitta:

• Elements: Fire + Water 
• Body Type: Large frame, heavy
• Properties: Smart, Fiery nature