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The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was based on the Irish Law which gave the government the power to censor the reports of the press if they found it disturbing or against themselves (the government).

The Calcutta supreme court passed some regulations to control the press and what it. In 1835 many publications started protesting for their demand regarding the revision of the press and then Governor – General Bentinck agreed to revise the press Laws.

The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was based on the Irish Law which gave the government the power to censor the reports of the press if they found it disturbing or against themselves (the government).

Option : (2) a, b and c

The essay actually is the preface to Bertrand Russell's autobiography. Every human is driven by a force, a passion all her/his life. It keeps her/him going. Some desire money, other, fame. There are some who desire simple satisfaction. Bertie's desires that he chased through his life were simple as well. He was driven by passions that any ordinary man or woman might feel for. For one, he wished love and got it too; he believed that it brought ecstasy. He got married four times to tell. Second, he hungered for knowledge and of course we all seek for it. He was a mathematician, a logician, political activist and wrote vastly on philosophy and contributed to literature, for which he received Nobel Prize as well. Third, he shared “an unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind”. He took a stand against World War 1 and Vietnam war. Any human will pity a suffering man or a woman for they have a heart and feel, and so did Russell. Russell was a man who did not lust after materialistic gains; he was born in a prominent aristocratic family of Britain and gave away much of what he inherited. He rose his voice in favour of suffragists and world government. He believed in free thought in religion and morals.

Bertrand Russell is of the opinion that love brings ecstasy in one's life. He believes that the bliss that love brings is so magnificent that he could sacrifice the rest of his life for this joy of few hours. It relieves one of loneliness of this world. Russell says that in love he has seen the heaven that the great saints and poets have imagined. Here, Russell has given a spiritual dimension to love. He reached beyond through love and it was pity that brought him back.

Comb foundation is a sheet of bee wax, on both sides of which the exact shape of different cells of the comb is made in advance.

1. Surgical sutures are used to hold tissues together after a surgery and even for deep cuts. 

2. Silk is widely used as sutures as it is easy to stitch and remove it due to its texture.

Process of winding together the fibres to form a yarn is called Spinning.

Smoker is used to scare the bees during hive maintenance and honey collection by releasing smoke.

1. I feel very unhappy on the methods used for producing silk by killing the larvae of silk moths. 

2. I feel ashamed as a human being, for killing the innocent larvae in the boiled water for getting silk. 

3. It is better to avoid these practices for getting silk. 

4. We should encourage Ahimsa silk which is obtained in non – violent way. In this method, the pupa of silk worm is allowed to hatch and the left over cocoon is then used to derive silk. This method of silk production is introduced by Kusuma Rajaiah, a handloom technologist and a former employee in AP Handloom department. 

5. We should encourage the trails executing to find sources of silk other than silk worms. 

6. A Manipuri silk inventor named Tongbran Bijay Santhi, introduced to draw silk like threads from Lotus stem. We should welcome this type of inventors to pave new ways for getting silk.

1. Synthetic fibres are the fibres that are made of chemicals obtained from wood pulp or petroleum. 

2. Examples are Acrylic, Rayon, Nylon, Polyster.

(a) Uncapping knife: Uncapping knife is a long knife which helps in removing the cap from the combs as a first step in honey extraction.

(b) Bee Brush: Bee brush is a large brush often employed to brush off bees from honey combs particularly at the time of extraction.

(c) Queen introducing cage: Queen introducing cage is a pipe made of wire nets used for keeping the queen for about 24 hours for acquaintance with the hive and worker bees.

(d) Feeder: Feeder is a basin with sugar syrup covered by grass to feed the bees during drought season. The grass prevents the bees from sinking into the syrup.

(e) Honey Extractor: Honey Extractor is a stainless-steel device which spins the combs rapidly to extract honey.

(f) Hive Entrance Guard: Hive Entrance Guard is a device similar to queen excluder in front of the hive entrance which prevents the escape of queen during warming season.

Bee gloves are used by bee keepers for protecting their hands while inspecting the hives.

The process of winding together the fibres to form a yarn is called Spinning.

Bee veil is a device made of fine nettings to protect the bee-keeper from bee sting.

Hyper-parasitism – A condition in which a secondary parasite develops within a previously existing parasite.

1. Cutters and combs should be sharp and they should be cleaned, re sharpened and lubricated after each job of shearing. 

2. The shearing floor should be clean and free of straw and debris. 

3. Sheep must be dry before shearing. 

4. Shearing must be done in shade to prevent heat stress. 

5. Prevent cuts to the animal’s skin by taking time while shearing and carefully clipping the wool so as to not get too close to the sheep’s skin.

The process of soaking cocoons in hot water (95° – 97°) for 10 – 15 minutes to soften the gum that binds the silk threads together is called as cooking.

1. Rayon is also known as ‘artificial silk’ as the texture of fabric prepared by Rayon is just like silk. 

2. Rayon is made from pulp.

1. The process of making woolen garment is known as knitting. 

2. Machines are. also used in making woolen garment.

The resinous chemical substance present in the bee wax is called Propolis.

The specialized cane structures where larvae of silk worms are kept along with mulberry leaves are called Chandrikalu.

1. Parla, a village located just 20 kms away from the Kurnool. 

2. It is famous for fine quality woolen carpets. 

3. Rearing sheep and making carpets is being practiced by the villagers for centuries as cottage industry.

Karanagalli is the host plant for Lac insect.

The correct answer is D) Cashmere.

1. Silk worms prefer to eat mulberry leaves. 

2. So, mulberry crop is cultivated by farmers who run Agro-based Industry.

1. Soon after, silk worm completely covers its body with silk fibre. This looks like a capsule. 

2. This capsule like structure formed now is called a cocoon.

The correct answer is C) 500 – 1500 meters.

Rearing or farming of sheep is a branch of animal husbandry in India.

The mass emergence of larvae from the egg in search of a host plant is called ‘swarming’.

(Laccifer lacca/Tachardia lacca)

Lac is secreted by lac insect for Protection.

The mass emergence of larvae from the eggs of lac in search of a host plant is called Swarming.

The correct answer is C) Fleece.

The correct answer is B) Second.

1.Rearing of silk worms for obtaining silk is known as sericulture. 

2. A P stood in second place in the production of silk in our country.

Fleece is used to make wool.

Tachardia lacca.

Lac cut from the host plant is called Stick lac

The collection of lac from the host plant is known as Harvesting.

The correct answer is A) Fibre.

Sheep is the main source of wool production in Andhra Pradesh.

The culture of lac insect using techniques for the procurement of lac on large scale is known as Lac culture.

1. Shearing 

2. Sericulture 

3. Rayon 

4. Fibroin 

5. Fleece

Culturing of animals in the water salinity ranges from 30 – 35% is called Mariculture. Some fishes like Chanos sp, Mugil cephalus are cultured here.

The process of removing the threads from the killed cocoon is called reeling.

1. If cocoon is not boiled, the larva inside the cocoon grows and cuts its way out after growing into a moth and spoil the cocoon. 

2. We cannot derive continuous thread of silk. 

3. This will reduce the quality of silk fabric.

Brackish water fishes spend most of its life in river mouths (estuaries) back waters, mangrove swamps and coastal lagoons. Estuarine fish are more common in Bengal and Kerala. Culturing of animals in the water having salinity range 0.5 – 30 ppt are called as brackish water culture. Fishes cultured in brackish water are Milk fish (Chanos Chanos), Sea bass (‘Koduva’), Grey mullet (‘Madavai’), Pearl spots (‘Kari’meen) etc.