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He accorded recognition to the National Assembly and accepted checks on his powers.

5 May, 1789 Louis XVI call an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes.

I often love to use the quote, ‘Let’s move ahead.’

Voting in the Estates General had been conducted from the past.

1. According to the principle, each estate had one vote.

2. Members of the Third Estate demanded that voting must now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote.

3. This was according to the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book, ‘The Social Contract’.

“Bad habits interrupt your life and prevent you from accomplishing your goal.” The advice given by my uncle stopped a bad habit in me.

1. Population growth refers to an increase in the number of people who reside in a particular area during a particular period.

2. The number of deaths under one year of age for every 1000 live births in a year is known as Infant Mortality Rate 

3. Census is an official enumeration of population carried out periodically. It records information about the characteristics of population such as age, sex, literacy and occupation. 

4. “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs”.

(a) Environment

(c) July 11^th 

Deforestation results in many effects like floods and droughts, loss of soil fertility, air pollution, extinction of species, global warming, spread of deserts, depletion of water resource, melting of ice caps and glaciers, rise in sea level and depletion of ozone layer. Therefore, reforestation is encouraged throughout the world in order to conserve our mother Earth.

When pollutants combine with water vapour in the presence of sunlight and oxygen, they form dilute sulphuric and nitric acids in the atmosphere. When this mixture precipitates from the atmosphere, it is called acid rain. This would cause lot of damages to life and property. It would affect the health of humans and animals, alter the constituents of water bodies, plants and trees may die as it deteriorates the soil quality and many more damages to nature.

1. Population is a dynamic phenomenon where the distribution and composition are constantly changing. 

2. Human population increases as babies are born and decreases as people die. So it is easy to increase the number but difficult to maintain.

Human environment is defined as the interaction between man as an individual, with his family, occupation and society. It is also related to various cultural aspects such as education, religion, economics and politics.

1. During the early days man preferred tree branches, caves, pits (or) even rock cuts as his shelter.

2. Slowly settlements came into existence.

3. Later small settlements developed into villages, towns, cities. So he started living in settled areas

1. My area is Velachery, Chennai – 42. 

2. It was developed after the late 1990, in the Southern axis radiating out of the city. 

3. It was built over a complex of low-lying wetlands.

4. In an already sunken Velachery, repeated road repairs had led to the roads increasing in height.

5. Lifting houses to escape floods.

6. Though Velachery is still a low lying area and the rainy season will be bad, it wouldn’t be as bad as before.

7. It is a place where we can get all facilitites like transport, shopping, restaurants, hair parlours etc., within 1 km

(a) Vehicular emission

Report → Trial Balance → Enter Date → Select Trial Balance Type → Click on view button

A Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS) is a Statement prepared by the depositor for the purpose of reconciling the cash book balance with the pass book balance on a certain date.

(a) We can create a new group but a new sub group can not be created

1. Admin 

2. Manager 

3. Operator. 

4. Intenal Auditor.

(a) → ii → x 

(b) → iii → y 

(c) → i → z

(a)- (iii)

(b) – (i)

(c) – (iv)

(d) – (ii)

The sub Group ‘Plant and Machinery’ is coming under Fixed Assets group.

Sub Group “Sundry Debtors” coming under Current Asset Group

 Correct answer is (d) Admin

• Building 
• Furniture 
• Land 
• Plant and Machinery

GNUKhata can be easily transformed into Indian languages?

(c) GNUKhata

1. Select Existing Organisation

2. Create Organisation 

3. Language

(c) Coding of Ledger account

Grouping of account is a method of organising the large number of ledger accounts into sequential arrangement. GNUKhata has 29 predened Groups and Sub Groups. Out of these, 13 are Groups and 16are Sub Groups.

From Report menu menu, we will enable to view Ledger, Trial Balance, Balance sheet, Profit and Loss AC etc.

(a) 13 

(b) 16

1. Net Trial Balance 

2. Gross Trial Balance 

3. Extended Trial Balance

Receipt Voucher (F4)

(a) To create an organisation

1. GNUKhata has four system-generated ledger account. 

2. We cannot change the name of these accounts. 

3. We can not delete these accounts.

Correct answer is (d) Four

• The Russian Revolution
• The intrusion of the Soviet Union into Afghanistan
• Fall of the Berlin Wall 
• The disintegration of the Soviet Union

In contemporary politics, the Second World War was an important affair. The War had affected all countries, even outside Europe. The end of the WW II found the beginning of the Cold War. WW II witnessed the col lapse of Germany and Japan. America and the Soviet Union grew into Super powers. They became powerful enough to make their presence felt anywhere in the world.

Both the Super powers were trying hard to extend their influence into other smaller nations. There was hardly any country that did not join one of the two sides. Smaller countries joined the Superpowers with their own interests in mind. They used to get arms an also financial help from the two Super powers.

The West European countries joined America and the East European countries joined with Russia. Thus there were two groups the Western Alliance and the Eastern Alliance. The Western Alliance was the first to be formed. In April 1949 NATO was formed. It was a group of 12 nations. This is the 1st world. The Eastern Alliance was known as the Warsaw Pact. It was formed in 1955. The Soviet Union was its leader. Opposing the NATO powers was its main goal. This was the 2nd world.

The Cold War was almost dividing the world into two sides. The newly independent Asian, African and Latin American countries were worried if they would lose their freedom once again. Their internal problems also prevented them from joining any of the Superpowers. They joined together and made a third group called Non Aligned Movement. This is the 3rd world.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the General Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1985. He was forced to initiate the reforms in the USSR due to following reasons: 

1. To keep the USSR abreast of information and technological revolutions at par the West. 

2. To normalize the relations with that of the West. 

3. To democratize the Soviet System. 

4. To loosen the administrative system which exempted ordinary people from the privileges.

1. When Gorbachev carried out his reforms and loosened the system, he set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and became virtually impossible to control. 

2. Some sections of Soviet Society felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with him. 

3. The members of communist party felt that their power and privileges were eroding and Gorbachev was moving too quickly. 

4. In this tug of war, Gorbachev lost support on all sides and divided public opinion with the disillusionment of inadequate dependence.

1. The East European countries which were the part of the Soviet Bloc, started to protest against their own government and Soviet control. 

2. Boris Yeltsin took the command during these events as he got popular support of people in the elections and began to shake off centralized control. 

3. Power began to shift from center to the republics which declared themselves independent. 

4. In December 1991, under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin Russia, Ukraine and Baltics declared themselves as sovereign states.

Bonds are one of the ideal investment options for those investors who would like to invest their hard earned money safely. Bonds are issued both by government and public and private sector companies and financial institutions.

(b) Long term debts

The fund raised by issue of preference shares is called preference share capital. Preference shares are those shares which enjoy priority regarding payment of dividend at a fixed rate out of the net profits of the company. They will get their dividend every year before any dividend is paid to equity shareholders.

They will have a right to get their settlement before the claims of equity shareholder are settled at the time of liquidation of company. However they do not have voting rights.

Debentures are an important instrument for raising long term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures which bear a fixed rate of interest.