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1. The transfer of pollen grains with the help of water is called hydrophily. 

2. Plants that are pollinated by water are called hydrophilous plants. 

3. Hydrophilous plants possess small, inconspicuous unisexual flowers. 

4. Flowers lack fragrance, nectar and bright colour. 

5. Pollen grains and other floral parts are protected from getting wet. 

6. Stigma is long and sticky, e.g. Zostera, Vallisneria, etc.

Pollen grains and other floral parts are protected from getting wet. 

Plants that are pollinated by water are called hydrophilous plants. 

Hydrophilous plants possess small, inconspicuous unisexual flowers. 

The transfer of pollen grains with the help of water is called hydrophily.

Flowers lack fragrance, nectar and bright colour. 

Stigma is long and sticky, e.g. Zostera, Vallisneria, etc.

Ground tissue: In case of monocot stem, the cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith are absent. The entire mass from hypodermis to the centre is called ground tissue. The ground tissue is made up of parenchymatous cells

1. It is a condition in which fruit is developed without event of fertilization. 

2. It is a natural process observed on Pineapple and Banana. 

3. A chemical stimulus in the form of auxin (IAA) is given by placental tissues of unfertilized ovary. 

4. Due to the stimulus, enlargement of ovary takes place to form a fruit. 

5. Parthenocarpic fruits are without seeds.

1. The transfer of pollen grains through wind is called anemophily. 

2. Plants that are pollinated by wind are called anemophilous plants. 

3. Anemophilous plants bear small and inconspicuous flowers without any bright colours, fragrance and nectar.

4. Flowers are produced in large numbers. 

5. Stamens are long with versatile anthers. 

6. Stigma is feathery, exposed to receive the pollen grains coming along with the wind, e.g. Grasses, maize, Jowar and Palms.

1. It is a condition when more than one embryos are developed inside the seed. 

2. It was first noticed in Citrus by Leeuwenhoek. 

3. When embryos develop from diploid cells of nucellus or integuments, it is described as adventive polyembryony. 

4. When zygote divides into small units which develop into embryos then it is called cleavage polyembryony.

5. It results in multiple seedlings and is of significance in horticulture.

1. Polyembryony is a phenomenon where we get many embryos in the seed. 

2. Polyembryony increases chances of survival of plants as there are multiple seedlings formed.

3. Nucellar embryos are formed from diploid parental tissue. 

4. Thus genetically uniform type of seedlings are obtained which are similar to parents.

Correct answer is (c) Parthenocarpy

1. Outermost layer is named as epiblema  (= piliferous layef = rhizodermis) which bears large number of short lived unicellular hair, Cuticle and stomata are absent.
2. Cortex is made up of parenchymatous cells.
3. Endodermis is very distinct.
4. Pericycle is very distinct.
5. Vascular bundles are radially arranged.
6. Xylem is exarch i. e., protoxylem is towards the periphery and metaxylem towards centre.
7. Phloem is made up of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma. (Phloem parenchyma is absent in monocotyledonous plants).
8. In between the patches of xylem and phloem is found parenchyma which is called conjuctive tissue.
9. For studying similarities and differences of internal structure of monocot and dicot root, we will study with help of transverse section of maize and gram respectively.

The answer is Radial.

The answer is (c) Endodermis

The embryos develop from diploid cells of nucellus and integuments.

The answer is (b) Vascular bundle present in ring

The vascular bundles are numerous and scattered in parenchymatous ground tissue (except in runners and grasses). They are smaller in size towards periphery aftd larger towards centre. Each vascular bundle is conjoint, collateral, endarch and closed.

The answer is (d) Radial

The answer is Less exposed to sunlight.

The answer is (a) scattered

In Dicot leaf made up of parenchyma above and below the vascular bundle some parenchymatous cells or collenchymatous cells are present up to epidermis but in monocot root it is just made of parenchyma but just above and below the vascular bundles are fount sclerenchymatous cells(upto epidermis).

Monoecious Angiosperms : Plants bear both male  and female unisexual flowers on the same plant. e.g., Cucurbits/coconut/maize.

Dioecious Angiosperms : Plants bear either male or female unisexual flowers on different plants. e.g., Papaya/date palms.

Detailed Answer :

The plants are said to be monoecious if both male and female unisexual flowers are present on the same plant and if the unisexual male and female flowers are present on separate plants then they are called as dioecious.

1. Clone

2. Morphologically and genetically similar

(c) viviparous

(c) hydra & pencillium

During embryogenesis, zygote undergoes cell-division (mitosis) and cell differentiation. While cell divisions increase the number of cells in the developing embryo; Cell differentiation helps groups of cells to undergo certain modifications to form specialised tissues and organs to form an organism. If cell divisions are not followed by cell differentiation then there will be no formation of tissues or organs, so a new organisms cannot be formed.

(i) Zygote of haplontic life cycle divides meiotically during its generation.

(ii) Zygote of diplontic life cycle divides mitotically during embryogenesis.

Answer is (a) clone

In some flowering plants, both male and female flowers may be present on the same individual (monoecious) or on separate individuals (dioecious). Some examples of monoecious plants are cucurbits and coconuts and of dioecious plants are papaya and date palm.

If differentiation does not follow division, embryo will not develop and this will not develop into a new organism.

i. Quality of the breed.

ii. Type of food (fodder).

Dracunculus medinensis

Correct answer is (d) Goitre

Correct answer is (a) C₂H₅OH

(c) Solanaceae

Alcohol is the main cause of fatty liver disease.

Protein malnourishment results in a disease called kwashiorkor. Symptoms of Kwashiorkor: Bloated stomach, dry skin, patchy skin, lack of hunger, etc. This disease usually affects children. It also affects pregnant women.

A food which contains all the nutrients in right proportion is called balanced diet. A balanced diet is necessary for good growth and development of children. A balanced diet is necessary for maintaining health. Lack of some or most of the nutrient in a person’s diet for a long duration is called malnutrition.

Nicotine toxic substance is found in tobacco.

(b) Nicotine

Carbohydrate and fat.

Correct answer is (c) Liver

(a) Morphene

All individuals produced are genetically clone

 Gamete mother cell undergo meiosis.

It is the gamete mother cell which undergoes meiosis.

The monoecious and dioecious organisms:

(i) Monoecious

(ii) Monoecious

(iii) Dioecious

(iv) Dioecious

(i) Viviparous animals: In viviparous animals, the zygote develops into a young one inside the female body. Later, the young ones are delivered out of the body. 

Example - mammals.

(ii) Oviparous animals: In oviparous animals, the animals lay fertilized/unfertilized eggs. 

Examples -reptiles and birds.

Organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show great synchrony between the sexes, release a large number of gametes into the surrounding medium.

External fertilization- outside amphibians , internal fertilization- internal reptiles.

(b) conjugation

(a) The cell undergoes meiosis

Rat 21, elephant 28,rice 12