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Adolescents are also called teenagers.

A. adrenaline : pituitary gland 

Adrenaline hormone secreted by adrenal glands whereas pituitary gland secretes growth hormone.

B. chapati, dal, vegetables 

Adolescents need balanced diet for normal growth and development of the body. A balanced diet means that the meals include proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite proportions. Our Indian meal of roti /rice, dal(pulses) and vegetables is a balanced meal.

Hydrogen. (Others are compounds.)

Correct option is (b) 2

Harmful effects of taking drugs are as follows: 

1. Drugs are addictive. If you take them once, you feel like taking them again and again. 

2. They harm the body in the long run.

3. They ruin health and happiness.

1. Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.

2. In a compound, the constituents do not retain their individual properties. Hence, hydrogen is combustible and oxygen helps combustion, but water is neither combustible nor supports combustion, it helps to extinguish fire.

1. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. 

2. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus.

Pituitary gland is attached to the base of brain.

B. proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body 

Adolescents should be careful about what they eat because proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

C. goiter 

Thyroxine hormone is required for the metamorphosis of larvae (tadpoles) into adult frogs. Iodine is needed continuously by thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone. If people do not have enough iodine in their die, they will get goiter disease caused by lack of thyroxine. So, people are advised to use iodized salt in cooking food.

AIDS is caused by a dangerous virus called HIV. This virus can be spread from infected person to healthy person by sharing the syringes used for injecting drugs.

HIV virus causes AIDS disease.

B. virus 

AIDS is caused by a dangerous virus called HIV. This virus can be spread from infected person to healthy person by sharing the syringes used for injecting drugs.

The Egyptians constructed graves to keep the mummies in the desert itself. Tall towers were built on there graves using huge blocks of stones in the dead. The Greeks called the tall towers ‘Pyramids’.

1. Sacred Writings 

2. Pharaoh 

3. Land between the rivers 

4. Hammurabi

Correct Answer is: c. Ziggurat

Correct Answer is: d. China

Correct Answer is: a. Hwang Ho

Correct Answer is: d. Amorites

Correct Answer is: b. 4th Century

1. After the floods this river changed its course in a unpredictable manner and inundated houses and agricultural lands . 

2. It would render all the canals useless

Hammurabi was famous king of Amorites His achievements: 

1. He built a fabulous place 

2. He framed the codes of justice 

3. Made Babylonia to be considered the best administered kingdom in the world of the old world 

4. His laws enforced the logic of “An eye for an eye”, and a tooth for a tooth”.

It was symbolic language in Egypt. 

It consists of small drawings and has been called hieroglyphics

1. Mesopotamian society was divided into three classes. 

2. They invented cuneiform writing 

3. They had many groups-Sumerians Babylonians, Assyrians etc. 

4. They constructed Ziggurat

1. They knew a lot about irrigation 

2. They built many monuments 

3. They had mastered the art of writing which was in symbolic language 

4. They introduced calendar

5. Egyptians constructed many Pyramids

Photosynthetic part of the phaeophyceae thallus is called as fronds.

(a) The values showed by the police persons were truthful to duty and humanity. 

(b) Injury to brain or spinal cord can cause paralysis. 

(c) Riders must wear helmets while riding a two-wheeler. One must drive in a controlled speed to avoid accident. 

(b) Mason and Masked

The nature of the solution is Hypertonic.

Bennet – Clark (1936), Thimann (1951) and Kramer (1959) observed absorption of water even if the concentration of cell sap in the root hair is lower than that of the soil water. Such a movement requires an expenditure of energy released by respiration (ATP). Thus, there is a link between water absorption and respiration. It is evident from the fact that when respiratory inhibitors like KCN, Chloroform are applied there is a decrease in the rate of respiration and also the rate of absorption of water.

The external solution which has a concentration higher than that of the cell sap is called Hypertonic solution.

(d) Dixon and Jolly

Heart diseases, Type II Diabetes. obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis.

Trans-membrane pathway is the movement through the cell membrane.

As various ions from the soil are actively transported into the vascular tissues of the ‘ roots, water flows and increases the pressure inside the xylem. This positive pressure is called root pressure and can be responsible for pushing up water to small heights in the stem.

Root pressure can only provide a modest push in the overall process of water transport. The greatest contribution is to re-establish the continuous chains of water molecules in the xylem which often break under the enormous tensions created by transpiration.

Root pressure can only provide a modest push. Hence root pressure does not play a major role in water movement in tall plants. Root pressure contributes towards reestablishment of continuous chains of water molecules in the xylem; which often break under enormous tensions created by transpiration pull.

Membrane permeability is the ability of a membrane to allow passage of gases, liquids, solutes through it. 

It is dependent upon two factors: 

(i) Nature of membrane (composition), 

(ii) Nature of passing substance.

It is the expulsion of pure water from a solution through a semi-permeable membrane under the influence of pressure higher than the osmotic pressure of the solution. 

Use: Reverse osmosis is used in removing salts from saline water as well as extra - purification of water.

The two factors on which the rate and direction of osmosis depends: 

(i) Pressure gradient. 

(ii) Concentration gradient.

(i) Involvement:of local people by giving them employment. in sericulture and harvesting operation. 

(ii) Allowing collection of fuel, wood and fodder on payment of normal fee.

The Northern and central Andes block North East and South East Trade Winds which bring rain from the Atlantic Ocean to the Guiana Highlands and Brazil. Therefore, the regions west of the Andes do not receive any rain and are very dry and hot and the Atacama Desert is located here. The Atacama is a tropical desert.

Ions of external soil solution are exchanged with same charged (anion for anion or cation for cation) ions of the root cells.

1. Selvas – As all other are grass

2. Pine

3. Tapir, pranha – piranha is a reptile

4. Jaguar – These three belong to camel family

5. Pine

As it is mainly located in the southern hemisphere, a very large part of South America experiences summer in December and early January and winter in June-July.

The selvas or equatorial forests are important for hardwood trees such as mahogany, rosewood, and rubber. The camauba palm tree yields wax, which is used for making shoe polish, furniture polish, lipstick, and candles. The bark of the cinchona tree yields quinine, a medicine used for treating malaria. Balsa, which is a lightweight wood, Brazil nuts, gum, resins, and dyes are other products obtained from selvas. Yerba mate is an important tree of the Eastern Highlands. The leaves of this tree are used to make a tea-like beverage. The Gran Chaco region grows quebracho (the woid’quebracho’ means ‘axe-breaker’), a hardwood tree which is a source of tannic acid used in leather tanning. The eastern slopes of the Andes and the confierous forests of Chile have softwood trees, which are important sources of Wood pulp for the paper industry. 

Colourful birds, monkeys, insects and snakes such as the python and anaconda, reptiles such as crocodiles and alligators and fishes including the piranha are found in the Amazon forests.

Quito is the capital of Ecuador. It is situated close to the equator. In spite of its equatorial location, it has a pleasant climate throughout the year as it is situated high in the Andes.

The selvas or equatorial forests are important for hardwood trees such as mahogany, rosewood, and rubber. The camaiiba palm tree yields wax, which is used for making shoe polish, furniture polish, lipstick, and candles. The bark of the cinchona tree yeild quinine, a medicine used for treating malaria. Balsa, which is a lightweight wood, Brazil nus, gum, resins, and dyes are other products obtained from selvas.

The North-east and South-east Trade Winds bring heavy rain to the Guiana Highlands and Brazil.