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• Hitler promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and employment for those looking for work, and a secure future for the youth.
• His rule established complete control over the economy, media, army, and judiciary.
• He aimed at full production and full employment through a state-funded work creation program.

Concentration: Prison camps set up by the Nazis to contain those whose Camps oppose the Nazi regime

Capitalism: Economic system based on private ownership of means of production, distribution, and exchange and operated for profits.

The world was divided into the ‘West1, experiencing economic growth, and the ’Rest’, colonially exploited by the West.

Great depression: A worldwide economic decline triggered by a decline in demand and fall in prices

C) Increase in employment

The 1st World War broke out in 1914 and ended in 1918.

The tide of initial victories of Germany was turned back after the Battle of Stalingrad in early 1943 when German forces were defeated.

Hitler and his close associates committed suicide and Germany was divided into the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG).

World War 1 had claimed 10 million men in battle.

B) Committed suicide

C) Mass Murder of innocent people

Every World War is triggered by some immediate provocations and some long term cause.

Second World War ended with America dropping atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and later United Nations Organisation was formed.

The immediate provocation for World War II was the German occupation of Poland over Danzing Port.

After the Second World War countries like India, Indonesia, Vietnam, etc. became independent from colonial rule.

With the process of decolonization, after World War II, the colonies rose to independence in Asia and Africa are more than a hundred.

Long-term causes are aggressive nationalism, imperialism, secret alliances, militarism for World War I.

C) USA, U.S.S.R

Two main power blocks emerged the Centre and the Entente or Allies

No, I will not be able to manage without drinking water for two days. Water is essential for life. The water we drink is used in various metabolic activities within our body and some water and some water is exerted out of the body through urine and sweat.

When Franz passed by the bulletin board near the town-hall, he noticed a crowd there. He did not stop there nor wondered what could be the matter then. For the last two years they had received all the bad news from the bulletin-board-the lost battle, the draft and the orders of the commanding officer.

My grandparents were working much more than what we do today. They used to go to school miles away from their home. They were also doing much physical work like working on fields, kitchen, taking care of cattle, etc. They used to eat dal-rice, green vegetables, roti, milk and milk products. Today our daily activities and diet are far different from our grandparents. We do very less physical work and prefer chips, burger, pizzas and soft drinks than to home-made foods. We spend most of our time in watching TV and playing

No, I don’t think so because had he been interested in sports, his body would not have been fat and flabby.

Rashmi belongs to a poor family. That is why she could eat only one roti in the whole

Proper food means adequate and nutritious food according to one’s body requirement.

Yes, my mother often tells me eat slowly and chew well. It is because if the food is properly chewed up, it will be digested and we will get its maximum nutrition.

On one hand Rashmi is not getting adequate quantity of food, on the other, Kailash is taking much more food than his requirement. Further, instead of home-cooked food like dalrice, vegetables and roti, he is eating chips, burger, pizzas and soft drinks, which are harmful for the body.

Correct option: (c) non-tax revenue

Formula unit weight of ZnO = 65 + 16 = 81 u 

Formula unit weight of Na₂O = 2 × 23 +16 = 62 u 

Formula unit weight of K₂CO₃ = 2 × 39 + 12 + 3 × 16 = 138 u

The rules which are to be kept in mind while writing a chemical formula is:

i. The valencies or charges on the ion must balance.

ii. When a compound consists of a metal and a non-metal, the name or symbol of

the metal is written first.

iii. For ex: calcium oxide (CaO), sodium chloride (NaCl) where oxygen and chlorine are written on the right whereas calcium and sodium are written on the left.

iv. If the valencies of two elements are same, we will simplify the formula.

v. In compounds formed with polyatomic ions, the ion is enclosed in a bracket before writing the number to indicate the ratio.

Correct option is D) Cr

i) ZnO
(Atomic mass of Zn) + (Atomic mass of O)
= 65 + 16 = 81u.
ii) Na₂O
(2 × Atomic mass of Na) + (Atomic mass of O)
= 2 × 23 + 1 × 16
= 46 + 16
= 62u.
iii) K₂CO₃
(2 × Atomic mass of K)+ (Atomic mass of C) + (3 × Atomic mass of oxygen)
= 2 × 39 + 12 × 1 + 16 × 3
= 78 + 12 + 48
= 138u.

Correct option is D) Na₂ CO₃

Correct option is C) Wolfram

A group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a polyatomic ion.

Correct option is C) N

The chemical symbol of nitrogen gas is N₂.

Role of valency: 

i. The combining power of an element is known as its valency. 

ii. Valency can be used to ind out how the atoms of an element will combine with the atoms of another element to form a compound.

जब किसी सेल की प्लेटों को तार द्वारा जोड़ देते हैं तो तार में वैद्युत धारा सेल की धन-प्लेट से ऋण-प्लेट की ओर तथा सेल के भीतर उसके घोल में ऋण-प्लेट से धन-प्लेट की ओर बहती है। इस प्रकार, सेल की दोनों प्लेटों के बीच सेल के भीतर वैद्युत धारा के प्रवाह में घोल द्वारा उत्पन्न अवरोध को सेल का ‘आन्तरिक प्रतिरोध’ कहते हैं।

Hydroxide ion: 

Symbol of hydroxide ion = OH^-

Valency = -1

Carbonate ion:

Symbol of carbonate ion = CO₃^2- 

Valency = -2

Correct option is B) B only

(a) Magnesium chloride: MgCl₂
(b) Calcium oxide: CaO
(c) Copper nitrate: Cu(NO₃)₂
(d) Aluminium chloride: AlCl₃
(e) Calcium carbonate: CaCO₃.

Correct option is D) K

Correct option is C) Zn²⁺

Molecules of elements: Atoms of the same elements or of different elements can join together to form molecules.

A molecule is formed by the combination of different kinds of atoms that are chemically bonded together by attractive forces.

(a) Quick lime: Calcium, carbon, oxygen

(b) Hydrogen bromide: Hydrogen, Bromine .

(c) Baking powder: Sodium, Bicarbonate

(d) Potassium sulphate: Potassium, Sulphur, Oxygen.

1. Antoine Lavoisier

2. J. L. Proust

3. Nucleons

4. Nanometre

5. Atomic mass number

6. Dalton (u)

7. NaCl, MgCl₂

8. Na⁺ ,Cl^-

9.  Ag⁺ ,O^2-